scholarly journals Insulin response and changes in composition of non-esterified fatty acids in blood plasma of middle-aged men following isoenergetic fatty and carbohydrate breakfasts

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
N. R. Williams ◽  
K. L. H. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Freeman ◽  
C. R. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

It was previously shown that a high plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) persisted after a fatty breakfast, but not after an isoenergetic carbohydrate breakfast, adversely affecting glucose tolerance. The higher concentration after the fatty breakfast may in part have been a result of different mobilization rates of fatty acids. This factor can be investigated as NEFA mobilized from tissues are monounsaturated to a greater extent than those deposited from a typical meal. Twenty-four middle-aged healthy Caucasian men were given oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and for 28 d isoenergetic breakfasts of similar fat composition but of low (L) or moderate (M) fat content. The composition of NEFA in fasting and postprandial plasma was determined on days 1 and 29. No significant treatment differences in fasting NEFA composition occurred on day 29. During the OGTT and 0–1 h following breakfast there was an increase in plasma long-chain saturated NEFA but a decrease in monounsaturated NEFA (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·001). Between 1 and 3 h following breakfast treatment differences occurred for total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·05), expressed as an increase in 18 : 1 and decreases in 16 : 0 and 17 : 0 in treatment M relative to treatment L (P<0·05). Serum insulin attained 35 and 65 mU/l in treatments M and L respectively during this period. Negative correlations were found between 16 : 0 in fasting plasma and both waist:hip circumference (P=0·0009) and insulin response curve area during OGTT (within treatment M, P=0·0001). It is concluded that a normal postprandial insulin response is associated with a rapid change in plasma saturated:monounsaturated NEFA. It is proposed that this change is the result of a variable suppression of fat mobilization, which may partly account for a large difference in postprandial total plasma NEFA between fatty and carbohydrate meals.

scholarly journals Effect of breakfast fat content on glucose tolerance and risk factors of atherosclerosis and thrombosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Frape ◽  
Norman R. Williams ◽  
Jayshri Rajput-Williams ◽  
B. W. Maitland ◽  
A. J. Scriven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Allocation ◽  
Insulin Responses

Twenty-four middle-aged healthy men were given a low-fat high-carbohydrate (5.5 g fat; L), or a moderately-fatty, (25.7 g fat; M) breakfast of similar energy contents for 28 d. Other meals were under less control. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given at 09.00 hours on day 1 before treatment allocation and at 13.30 hours on day 29. There were no significant treatment differences in fasting serum values, either on day 1 or at the termination of treatments on day 29. The following was observed on day 29: (1) the M breakfast led to higher OGTT C-peptide responses and higher areas under the curves (AUC) of OGTT serum glucose and insulin responses compared with the OGTT responses to the L breakfast (P< 0.05); (2) treatment M failed to prevent OGTT glycosuria, eliminated with treatment L; (3) serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) AUC was 59% lower with treatment L than with treatment M, between 09.00 and 13.20 hours (P<0.0001), and lower with treatment L than with treatment M during the OGTT (P= 0.005); (4) serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were similar for both treatments, especially during the morning, but their origins were different during the afternoon OGTT when the Svedberg flotation unit 20–400 lipid fraction was higher with treatment L than with treatment M (P= 0.016); plasma apolipoprotein B-48 level with treatment M was not significantly greater than that with treatment L (P= 0.086); (5) plasma tissue plasminogen-activator activity increased after breakfast with treatment L (P= 0.0008), but not with treatment M (P= 0.80). Waist:hip circumference was positively correlated with serum insulin and glucose AUC and with fasting LDL-cholesterol. Waist:hip circumference and serum TAG and insulin AUC were correlated with factors of thrombus formation; and the OGTT NEFA and glucose AUC were correlated. A small difference in fat intake at breakfast has a large influence on circulating diurnal NEFA concentration, which it is concluded influences adversely glucose tolerance up to 6 h later.

scholarly journals The role of apolipoprotein E and glucose intolerance in gallstone disease in middle aged subjects

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Niemi ◽  
K Kervinen ◽  
A Rantala ◽  
H Kauma ◽  
M Päivänsalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDThe polymorphism of apolipoprotein E has been suggested to be associated with the cholesterol content of gallstones, the crystallisation rate of gall bladder bile, and the prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD).AIMSTo investigate whether apolipoprotein E polymorphism modulates the susceptibility to GSD at the population level and to study the possible associations between impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, and GSD.METHODSApolipoprotein E phenotypes were determined in a middle aged cohort of 261 randomly selected hypertensive men, 259 control men, 257 hypertensive women, and 267 control women. All subjects without a documented history of diabetes were submitted to a two hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GSD was verified by ultrasonography.RESULTSIn women with apolipoprotein E2 (phenotypes E2/2, 2/3, and 2/4) compared with women without E2 (E3/3, 4/3, and 4/4), the odds ratio for GSD was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.08–0.92). There was no protective effect in men. The relative risk for GSD was 1.2 (0.8–1.7) for hypertensive women and 1.8 (1.0–2.7) for hypertensive men. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression model, E2 protected against GSD in women, whereas two hour blood glucose in the OGTT, serum insulin, and plasma triglycerides were risk factors. Elevated blood glucose during the OGTT was also a significant risk factor for GSD in men.CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that apolipoprotein E2 is a genetic factor providing protection against GSD in women. In contrast, impaired glucose tolerance and frank diabetes are associated with the risk of GSD.

Time course for exercise-induced alterations in insulin action and glucose tolerance in middle-aged people

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. King ◽  
P. J. Baldus ◽  
R. L. Sharp ◽  
L. D. Kesl ◽  
T. L. Feltmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Exercise Induced

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate glucose tolerance and insulin action immediately after exercise and 2) to determine how long the improved glucose homeostatic mechanisms observed 12–16 h after exercise persist. Nine (seven men, two women) moderately trained middle-aged (51 +/- 3 yr) subjects performed 45 min of exercise at 73 +/- 2% of peak O2 uptake for 5 days, followed by 7 days of inactivity. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT; 75 g) were performed immediately postexercise (IPE; approximately 30 min) after the final exercise bout and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after exercise. The incremental area under the plasma glucose curve was markedly higher IPE (355 +/- 82 mM.min) compared with those on days 1 (136 +/- 57 mM.min; P < 0.05) and 3 (173 +/- 62 mM.min; P < 0.05). The glucose area was significantly higher on days 5 (213 +/- 80 mM.min) and 7 (225 +/- 84 mM.min) compared with those on days 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). The incremental insulin area IPE (3,729 +/- 1,104 microU.ml–1.min) was 43% higher compared with that on day 1 (2,603 +/- 635 microU.ml–1.min; P < 0.05) and 66% higher compared with that on day 3 (2,240 +/- 517 microU.ml–1.min; P < 0.05). The insulin area increased to 3,616 +/- 617 microU.ml–1.min after 5 days of inactivity (P < 0.05). An additional 48 h of inactivity did not result in any further increase in the plasma insulin response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of Weight Changes on Serum Insulin Response in Subjects with Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINORI KOSAKA ◽  
RYOKO HAGURA ◽  
REIKO ODAGIRI ◽  
FUMIKO SAITO ◽  
TAKESHI KUZUYA
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Weight Changes

scholarly journals An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Solverson ◽  
Theresa R. Henderson ◽  
Hawi Debelo ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi ◽  
David J. Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Evidence supports the beneficial effects of berries on glucoregulation, possibly related to flavonoid content, fiber content, or both. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mixed berries to improve insulin sensitivity and to identify the potential role of flavonoids and fiber. In a randomized cross-over trial with four treatment periods, overweight/obese men and women were fed a controlled 45% fat diet for one week prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test. The same base diet was provided during each feeding period with the addition of one of four treatments: whole mixed berries, sugar matched mixed berry juice, sugar matched gelatin, and sugar/fiber matched gelatin. Subjects then completed a meal-based oral glucose tolerance test. Serum glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were not different between individual treatments. However, in a secondary analysis, the combined berry preparations resulted in a lower serum insulin area under the curve (difference of 0.15 ± 0.066 ln pmol min/mL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0228), compared to the combined gelatin treatments, while the difference for serum glucose did not quite meet statistical significance (difference of 0.17 ± 0.093 ln mg·min/dL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0738). These results suggest the potential for mixed berry preparations to improve post-prandial insulin response.

scholarly journals A Blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle Improves Glucose Tolerance in Exercise-Trained Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. NMI.S7837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Canale ◽  
Tyler M. Farney ◽  
Cameron G. McCarthy ◽  
Richard J. Bloomer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Condition Effect

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a nutritional supplement containing a proprietary blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle on serum glucose and insulin in response to a modified oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, 10 exercise-trained, non-diabetic men reported to the lab in a 10 hour fasted state, on two different mornings separated by 1-2 weeks, and were subjected to an OGTT by ingesting a 75 gram dextrose solution. Fifteen minutes prior to the OGTT subjects ingested either a dietary supplement containing a blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle (SUPP) or a placebo (PLA). Blood samples were collected before ingestion of the SUPP or PLA and at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes postingestion of the dextrose load. Samples were analyzed for serum glucose and insulin. Results In relation to serum glucose, a condition effect was noted ( P = 0.01), with values lower for SUPP compared to PLA. In relation to serum insulin, a trend for a condition effect was noted ( P = 0.06), with values lower for SUPP compared to PLA. Conclusion These findings indicate that acute ingestion of a dietary supplement containing a blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle can lower the serum glucose response to a modified OGTT, while resulting in a non-significant attenuation in insulin response. These data are specific to a small sample of exercise-trained, non-diabetic men.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document