Regional skeletal muscle measurement: evaluation of new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry model

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zimian Wang ◽  
Myles S. Faith ◽  
Donald Kotler ◽  
Rick Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
System Level ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
Tissue System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Although there is growing interest in studying muscle distribution, regional skeletal muscle (SM) mass measurement methods remain limited. The aim of the present study was to develop a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) model for estimating regional adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass (AT-free SM). Relationships were derived from Reference Man data between tissue-system- level components (i.e., AT-free SM, AT, skeleton, and skin) and molecular-level components including fat-free soft tissue, fat, and bone mineral. The proposed DEXA-SM model was evaluated by multiscan computerized axial tomography (CT). Twenty-seven male subjects [age, 36 ± 12 (SD) yr; body mass, 73.2 ± 12.4 kg; 20 were healthy, and 7 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] completed DEXA and CT studies. Identical landmarks for DEXA and CT measurements were selected in three regions, including calves, thighs, and forearms. There was a strong correlation for AT-free SM estimates between the new DEXA and CT methods (e.g., sum of three regions, r= 0.86, P < 0.001). Regional AT-free SM measured in the 27 subjects by DEXA and CT, respectively, were 3.44 ± 0.60 and 3.47 ± 0.55 kg (difference 0.9%, P > 0.05) for calves, 10.49 ± 1.77 and 10.05 ± 1.79 kg (difference 4.4%, P < 0.05) for thighs, 1.36 ± 0.49 and 1.20 ± 0.41 kg (difference 13.3%, P < 0.01) for forearms, and 15.29 ± 2.33 and 14.72 ± 2.33 kg (difference 3.9%, P < 0.05) for the sum all three regions. Although the suggested DEXA-SM model needs minor refinements, this is a promising in vivo approach for measurement of regional SM, because DEXA is widely available, relatively inexpensive, and radiation exposure is low.

Skeletal muscle mass: evaluation of neutron activation and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry methods

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Wang ◽  
M. Visser ◽  
R. Ma ◽  
R. N. Baumgartner ◽  
D. Kotler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Although skeletal muscle (SM) is a major body component, whole body measurement methods remain limited and inadequately investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Burkinshaw in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNA)-whole body 40K-counting and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods of estimating SM by comparison to adipose tissue-free SM measured using multiscan computerized axial tomography (CT). In the Burkinshaw method the potassium-to-nitrogen ratios of SM and non-SM lean tissue are assumed constant; in the DXA method the ratio of appendicular SM to total SM is assumed constant at 0.75. Seventeen healthy men [77.5 +/- 13.8 (SD) kg body wt] and eight men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; 65.5 +/- 7.6 kg) completed CT, IVNA, and DXA studies. SM measured by CT was 34.4 +/- 6.2 kg for the healthy subjects and 27.2 +/- 4.0 kg for the AIDS patients. Compared with CT, the Burkinshaw method underestimated SM by an average of 6.9 kg (20.1%, P = 0.0001) and 6.3 kg (23.2%, P = 0.01) in the healthy men and the men with AIDS, respectively. The DXA method minimally overestimated SM in both groups (2.0 kg and 5.8% in healthy men, P = 0.001; 1.4 kg and 5.1% in men with AIDS, P = 0.16). This overestimate could be explained by a higher actual than assumed ratio of DXA-measured appendicular SM to total body SM (actual = 0.79 +/- 0.05, assumed = 0.75). The current study results reveal that large errors are present in the Burkinshaw SM method and that substantial refinements in the models that form the basis of this IVNA approach are needed. The model on which the DXA-SM method is based also needs further minor refinements, but this is a promising in vivo approach because of less radiation exposure and lower cost than the IVNA and CT methods.

scholarly journals A multi-center comparison of dual energy X-ray absorptiometers: In vivo and in vitro soft tissue measurement

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CD Economos ◽  
ME Nelson ◽  
MA Fiatarone ◽  
GE Dallal ◽  
SB Heymsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray

Total-body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehee Kim ◽  
ZiMian Wang ◽  
Steven B Heymsfield ◽  
Richard N Baumgartner ◽  
Dympna Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

In vivo assessment of body composition and growth potential of modern broiler using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Camila Angelica Gonçalves ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Miryelle Freire Sarcinelli ◽  
Letícia Graziele Pacheco ◽  
Letícia Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growing Period

Context Genetic improvements in modern strains have led to continuous increments in broiler growth rates, which, as a consequence, have resulted in higher economic returns for broiler producers over the last decades. Aim The present study was conducted to characterise the potential growth of the body and feathers of Cobb 500, Hubbard Flex and Ross 308 male and female broilers, as well as to assess the changes in chemical composition that occur up to 16 weeks of age. Methods Birds were fed isoenergetic diets divided in four phases and formulated to marginally exceed the nutritional requirements of the strains throughout the growing period. They were maintained in a controlled environment so as not to limit growth. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner was used to follow the in vivo body composition of 12 broilers of each strain and sex (total of 72 broilers), and the feather weight and composition was determined in four birds of each strain and sex selected at intervals during the growing period (total of 288 broilers) through comparative slaughter with later chemical analysis. Key results Parameters of Gompertz growth curve to describe the strains were estimated for body and feather weight as well as for the growth of their chemical components. Conclusion Differences in the growth rates between strains were evident, indicating the possible differences in selection methods used by geneticists in the different breeding companies. These genetic parameters would explain part of the variation on broiler´s performance which impacts on the way they should be fed and housed during growth. Implications The accurate description of genetic growth potential is useful information to be associated with factorial models that predict nutritional and feed intake requirements of birds. The main advantage of DXA technology is to decrease the variation of body deposition on the Gompertz model, resulting from the use of the same bird throughout its life. Despite the speed of obtaining chemical values of the body, the method is unsuitable for measuring the growth of feathers, which is also important data to be collected and related to the broiler strains.

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