Morphometric changes after thermal and methacholine bronchoprovocations

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakradhar Kotaru ◽  
Albert Coreno ◽  
Mary Skowronski ◽  
Gary Muswick ◽  
Robert C. Gilkeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Computer Assisted Tomography ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trigger Zone ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Identical Fashion

To determine whether there are distinctions in the location and pattern of response between different bronchoprovocations, we performed high-resolution computer-assisted tomography in 10 asthmatic subjects before and after isocapnic hyperventilation of frigid air (HV) and methacholine (Meth). The luminal areas of the trachea, main stem, lobar, and segmental bronchi were computed before and after each provocation and blindly compared. Both stimuli reduced the 1-s forced expiratory volume similarly (percent change in 1-s forced expiratory volume HV = 28.1 ± 5.5%, Meth = 25.8 ± 5.2%; P = 0.69) but did so in different fashions. Each provocation was associated with the development of both bronchial narrowing and dilation; however, more airways constricted with HV (67.7%) than with Meth (47.0%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was little concordance between either the magnitude or direction of change between stimuli in any region of the lung ( r = 0.25). In general, the frequency of narrowing increased with branching. Constriction became more prominent in the lobar regions and increased further in the segmental branches, but a wide range of intensity existed. These data demonstrate that provocational stimuli evoke complex morphometric changes within the tracheobronchial tree and that different agonists produce different patterns. Thermal stimuli chiefly influence the segmental level, whereas the response to Meth develops more distally. Even within this distribution, the same airway does not respond in an identical fashion to different stimuli, so there does not appear to be a uniform trigger zone.

Description of acute ozone response as a function of exposure rate and total inhaled dose

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2776-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. McDonnell ◽  
M. V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Respiratory Responses

The magnitude of respiratory responses to short-term ozone exposure is known to be a function of the exposure variables concentration (C), duration of exposure (T), and minute ventilation (VE) during exposure. The purpose of this study was to identify a mathematical model that described ozone-induced mean decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) as a function of exposure rate (C x VE) and total inhaled dose (C x VE x T). Three hundred seventy-four young male nonsmokers participated in 504 exposures to several concentrations of ozone for 2 or 6.6 h. Mean percent change in FEV1 was calculated for each hour of exposure and was fit to the exposure variables by use of nonlinear models. We identified a general sigmoid-shaped model that well described the observed mean response in terms of exposure rate and total inhaled dose over a wide range of C and T. By fixing the value of a single parameter, this model reduces to a simpler form, which was adequate for description of responses over narrower ranges of exposure conditions. We concluded that the observed mean responses to short-term ozone exposure were adequately described by the nonlinear models identified in this study and that models of this form may be useful for description of responses over a wide range of C and T.

Dumon Silicone Stents in Obstructive Tracheobronchial Lesions: The Hong Kong Experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene N. Myers ◽  
Victor Abdullah ◽  
Anthony P. C. Yim ◽  
P. J. Wormald ◽  
C. A. van Hasselt
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Esophagus ◽  
Silicone Stent ◽  
Before And After

The insertion of intraluminal stents is an effective method of relieving the distressing symptom of asphyxia in patients with obstructive lesions in the trachea and main-stem bronchi. We report our experience in the use of the studded Dumon silicone stent (Endoxane prosthesis' Axion, Aubagne, France). Between February 1994 and August 1996, 42 stents were placed in 30 patients. Of the 27 patients with a malignant stricture, 10 had carcinoma of the bronchus, 13 carcinoma of the esophagus, and 4 metastatic carcinoma involving the tracheobronchial tree. The benign lesions were made up of two tuberculous strictures and one suprastomal stenosis after tracheostomy. Stents were placed through a rigid bronchoscope with patients under general anesthesia. Postplacement assessment was performed with a 10-point, symptom-based visual analog scale. In eight less urgent cases, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were determined before and after surgery. The mean symptomatic improvement on the 10-point scale was 6.1 points, whereas the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (in the eight patients tested) improved by 75%, and the forced vital capacity improved by 54%. The median survival was 2 months for patients with carcinoma of the bronchus and 3 months for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. Two patients with metastatic carcinoma and all of the patients with the benign lesions were alive and well after 12 months of follow-up. Insertion of the Dumon stent is a simple, safe, and effective method of countering the distressing symptoms arising from obstructive tracheobronchial lesions.

Perioperative Skin Conditioning for Patients With Skin of Color

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682198989
Author(s):  
Alix Ferdinand ◽  
Suzan Obagi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After

The interest in cosmetic procedures for patients with skin of color is on an upward trend. Globally, dyschromia and hyperpigmentation remain the most common disorders for which patients seek treatment. The goals of a perioperative skin conditioning program include allowing a broad range of patients to be treated regardless of skin phototypes, maximizing results, and reducing risk of complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and managing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation if it occurs. The purpose of this article is to highlight common pigmentation concerns among patients with skin of color, the topical agents used to combat these concerns, and a practical approach to creating an effective yet straightforward topical skin care regimen that can be used across a wide range of patient skin phototypes. Before and after photos of patients with a variety of pigmentation concerns are presented along with a description of the treatment regimen used to improve their conditions and to get their skin to a safer state prior to performing any office-based procedures. By understanding the main concerns of patients with skin of color, one can use a simple and effective skincare regimen to allow these patients to be more safely treated. An effective skincare regimen both prepares the skin prior to procedures and postoperatively to help minimize dyschromias in the postoperative phase.

scholarly journals Syllabification of the Divine Comedy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Asperti ◽  
Stefano Dal Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Assisted Analysis

We provide a syllabification algorithm for the Divine Comedy using techniques from probabilistic and constraint programming. We particularly focus on the synalephe , addressed in terms of the "propensity" of a word to take part in a synalephe with adjacent words. We jointly provide an online vocabulary containing, for each word, information about its syllabification, the location of the tonic accent, and the aforementioned synalephe propensity, on the left and right sides. The algorithm is intrinsically nondeterministic, producing different possible syllabifications for each verse, with different likelihoods; metric constraints relative to accents on the 10th, 4th, and 6th syllables are used to further reduce the solution space. The most likely syllabification is hence returned as output. We believe that this work could be a major milestone for a lot of different investigations. From the point of view of digital humanities it opens new perspectives on computer-assisted analysis of digital sources, comprising automated detection of anomalous and problematic cases, metric clustering of verses and their categorization, or more foundational investigations addressing, e.g., the phonetic roles of consonants and vowels. From the point of view of text processing and deep learning, information about syllabification and the location of accents opens a wide range of exciting perspectives, from the possibility of automatic learning syllabification of words and verses to the improvement of generative models, aware of metric issues, and more respectful of the expected musicality.

scholarly journals Changes in Cellular Regulatory Factors before and after Decompression of Odontogenic Keratocysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Slmaro Park ◽  
Han-Sung Jung ◽  
Young-Soo Jung ◽  
Woong Nam ◽  
Jung Yul Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocysts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cyst Lining

Decompression followed by enucleation, which is one of the treatments used for odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), is frequently used in OKC lesions of large sizes. This method offers the advantage of minimizing the possibility of sensory impairment without creating a wide-range bone defect; moreover, the recurrence rate can be significantly lower than following simple enucleation. This study aimed to assess the changes in histology and expression of proliferation markers in OKCs before and after decompression treatment. A total of 38 OKC tissue samples from 19 patients who had undergone decompression therapy were examined morphologically and immunohistochemically to observe changes in proliferative activity before and after decompression. The markers used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were Bcl-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki-67, P53, PCNA, and SMO. The immunohistochemistry positivity of the 6 markers was scored by using software ImageJ, version 1.49, by quantifying the intensity and internal density of IHC-stained epithelium. The values of Bcl-2, Ki-67, P53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and SMO in OKCs before and after decompression showed no significant change. No correlation between clinical shrinkage and morphologic changes or expression of proliferation and growth markers could be found. There was no statistical evidence that decompression treatment reduces potentially aggressive behavior of OKC within the epithelial cyst lining itself. This might indicate that decompression does not change the biological behavior of the epithelial cyst lining or the recurrence rate.

Computer Assisted Tomography in 90 Cases of Exophthalmos

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Salvolini ◽  
Francesco Menichelli ◽  
Ugo Pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Tomography
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