Dumon Silicone Stents in Obstructive Tracheobronchial Lesions: The Hong Kong Experience

The insertion of intraluminal stents is an effective method of relieving the distressing symptom of asphyxia in patients with obstructive lesions in the trachea and main-stem bronchi. We report our experience in the use of the studded Dumon silicone stent (Endoxane prosthesis' Axion, Aubagne, France). Between February 1994 and August 1996, 42 stents were placed in 30 patients. Of the 27 patients with a malignant stricture, 10 had carcinoma of the bronchus, 13 carcinoma of the esophagus, and 4 metastatic carcinoma involving the tracheobronchial tree. The benign lesions were made up of two tuberculous strictures and one suprastomal stenosis after tracheostomy. Stents were placed through a rigid bronchoscope with patients under general anesthesia. Postplacement assessment was performed with a 10-point, symptom-based visual analog scale. In eight less urgent cases, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were determined before and after surgery. The mean symptomatic improvement on the 10-point scale was 6.1 points, whereas the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (in the eight patients tested) improved by 75%, and the forced vital capacity improved by 54%. The median survival was 2 months for patients with carcinoma of the bronchus and 3 months for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. Two patients with metastatic carcinoma and all of the patients with the benign lesions were alive and well after 12 months of follow-up. Insertion of the Dumon stent is a simple, safe, and effective method of countering the distressing symptoms arising from obstructive tracheobronchial lesions.

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Impact of Lung Biopsy on Lung Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Respiration ◽

10.1159/000509557 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Pierre-Henri Aussedat ◽

Nader Chebib ◽

Kais Ahmad ◽

Jean-Charles Glerant ◽

Gabrielle Drevet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Lung Biopsy ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Surgical Lung Biopsy ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Background: Video-assisted surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is performed in 10–30% of cases to establish the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of SLB on lung function in patients eventually diagnosed with IPF. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, monocentric study of all consecutive patients eventually diagnosed with IPF in multidisciplinary discussion who underwent SLB over 10 years in a specialized center. The primary end point was the variation in forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after the SLB. The secondary end points were the variations in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), and morbidity and mortality associated with the SLB. Results: In 118 patients who underwent SLB and were diagnosed with IPF, a relative decrease in FVC of 4.8% (p < 0.001) was found between measurements performed before and after the procedure. The mean FVC decrease was 156 ± 386 mL in an average period of 185 days, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year. A significant decrease was also observed after SLB in FEV1, TLC, and DLCO. Complications within 30 days of SLB occurred in 14.4% of patients. Two patients (1.7%) died within 30 days, where one of them had poor lung function. Survival at 1 year was significantly poorer in patients with FVC <50% at baseline. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled study in patients ultimately diagnosed with IPF, SLB was followed by a significant decline in FVC, which appears to be numerically greater than the average decline in the absence of treatment in the literature. Summary at a Glance: This study evaluated the change in lung function in 118 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by surgical lung biopsy. Forced vital capacity decreased by 156 ± 386 mL in a mean of 185 days between the last measurement before and first measurement after biopsy, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year.

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Pulmonary Function in Pubertal Synchronized Swimmers: 1-year Follow-up Results and Its Relation to Competitive Achievement

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2011.1006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Goran Gabrilo ◽

Mia Peric ◽

Marija Stipic

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Body Height ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Synchronized Swimming ◽

Before And After

Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.

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Oscillometric and Spirometric Bronchodilator Response in Preschool Children with and without Asthma

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2012/560323 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 273-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Youn Ho Shin ◽

Sun Jung Jang ◽

Jung Won Yoon ◽

Hye Mi Jee ◽

Sun Hee Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Bronchodilator Response ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Before And After ◽

Forced Expiratory Flow ◽

Quality Control Criteria ◽

Control Criteria

BACKGROUND: Bronchodilator responses (BDR) are routinely used in the diagnosis and management of asthma; however, their acceptability and repeatability have not been evaluated using quality control criteria for preschool children.OBJECTIVES: To compare conventional spirometry with an impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in healthy and asthmatic preschool children.METHODS: Data from 30 asthmatic children and 29 controls (two to six years of age) who underwent IOS and spirometry before and after salbutamol administration were analyzed.RESULTS: Stable asthmatic subjects significantly differed versus controls in their spirometry-assessed BDR (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity) as well as their IOS-assessed BDR (respiratory resistance at 5 Hz [Rrs5], respiratory reactance at 5 Hz and area under the reactance curve). However, comparisons based on the area under the ROC curve for ΔFEV1% initial versus ΔRrs5% initial were 0.82 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.93) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.87), respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity for ΔFEV1≥9% were 0.53 and 0.93, respectively. Importantly, sensitivity increased to 0.63 when either ΔFEV1≥9% or ΔRrs5≥29% was considered as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of asthma.CONCLUSION: The accuracy of asthma diagnosis in preschool children may be increased by combining spirometry with IOS when measuring BDR.

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Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática: Impacto de la biopsia de pulmón en la función pulmonar

Karger Kompass Neumología ◽

10.1159/000514300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 18-19

Author(s):

Ricardo Lemus-Rangel

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Lung Biopsy ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Surgical Lung Biopsy ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Background: Video-assisted surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is performed in 10–30% of cases to establish the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of SLB on lung function in patients eventually diagnosed with IPF. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, monocentric study of all consecutive patients eventually diagnosed with IPF in multidisciplinary discussion who underwent SLB over 10 years in a specialized center. The primary end point was the variation in forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after the SLB. The secondary end points were the variations in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), and morbidity and mortality associated with the SLB. Results: In 118 patients who underwent SLB and were diagnosed with IPF, a relative decrease in FVC of 4.8% (p < 0.001) was found between measurements performed before and after the procedure. The mean FVC decrease was 156 ± 386 mL in an average period of 185 days, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year. A significant decrease was also observed after SLB in FEV1, TLC, and DLCO. Complications within 30 days of SLB occurred in 14.4% of patients. Two patients (1.7%) died within 30 days, where one of them had poor lung function. Survival at 1 year was significantly poorer in patients with FVC <50% at baseline. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled study in patients ultimately diagnosed with IPF, SLB was followed by a significant decline in FVC, which appears to be numerically greater than the average decline in the absence of treatment in the literature. Summary at a Glance: This study evaluated the change in lung function in 118 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by surgical lung biopsy. Forced vital capacity decreased by 156 ± 386 mL in a mean of 185 days between the last measurement before and first measurement after biopsy, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year.

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The Effects of Cervical Stabilization Exercises with Breathing Exercises on Respiratory Function in Subjects with Forward Head Posture

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ◽

10.37394/23203.2021.16.44 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 486-492

Author(s):

Lijun Yu ◽

Qian Gu ◽

Taeho Kim

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Spine ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Respiratory Function ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Forward Head Posture ◽

Head Posture ◽

Breathing Exercises ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

This study aimed to compare the effects of cervical stabilization exercises with breathing exercises and cervical stabilization exercises with thoracic spine extension exercises on respiratory function in subjects with forward head posture (FHP). The study included 30 adults with FHP. They were divided into two groups—experimental (EG) and control (CG)—with 15 participants in each group. The EG was asked to perform cervical stabilization exercises with breathing exercises, and the CG was asked to perform cervical stabilization exercises with thoracic spine extension exercises. After 4 weeks of exercise, the changes in respiratory function were measured again. The results showed significant differences in the EG before and after exercise in terms of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced vital capacity/vital capacity max (FVC/VCmax%) (p < 0.05). The CG showed only a significant increase in FVC, FEV1, and FVC/VCmax% after the experiment (p < 0.05). In the between-group comparison, there were significant differences noted in FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FVC/VCmax% in the EG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). As a result, cervical stabilization exercises with breathing exercises are recommended to promote respiratory function.

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Effect of Tai Chi Exercises Treating Bronchial Asthma in 8–11-year-old Children

Reabilitacijos mokslai slauga kineziterapija ergoterapija ◽

10.33607/rmske.v2i13.690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (13) ◽

Author(s):

Romena Jonelienė ◽

Vilma Dudonienė ◽

Ligita Švėgždienė

Keyword(s):

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Respiratory Function ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Martial Art ◽

Before And After ◽

Global Health Issue

Research background. Bronchial asthma is becoming a global health issue: it is an increasingly common illness diagnosed in very young children. It is believed that the majority of people develop this disease in the early childhood. Tai Chi, which is a Chinese martial art combining harmonious breathing and body movements, can help to reduce stress, relax and maintain body balance. In addition, it allows those with asthma to better control their asthmatic fts and to improve physical potential. Research aim was to assess the effect of Tai Chi exercises on the respiratory function of 8–11-year-old children with bronchial asthma. Methods. The research was performed at Public Sanatorium. Two groups, each consisting of 25 children aged 8–11 years suffering from bronchial asthma, underwent examination. The following spirometry indicators were measured and compared: peak expiratory ﬂow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). Schtange and Genchi specimen indicators were evaluated before and after 4 weeks intervention. The study group practiced Tai Chi exercises and the control group received regular physiotherapy in a gym. Results. All indicators of functional capacity of respiratory function after intervention increased in both groups statistically signifcantly, but there were no signifcant differences between groups. Conclusion. Both regular physiotherapy and Tai Chi exercises were equally effective in improving the respiratory function in children with asthma.Keywords: children, bronchial asthma, Tai Chi, physiotherapy

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Effect of Yoga Breathing Exercises on Ventilatory Function

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v9i2.17861 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Dinesh Banstola

Keyword(s):

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Ventilatory Function ◽

Breathing Exercise ◽

Medical College ◽

Breathing Exercises ◽

Before And After ◽

Mind And Body

Introduction: Controlled breathing not only keeps your mind and body functioning at their best, it can also lower blood pressure, promote feelings of calm and relaxation and help you de-stress. Many experts encourage using the yoga breathing exercises as a means of increasing awareness, mindfulness and reducing anxiety. Over-worked, under-slept, and feeling pressure may impair breathing pattern. There are some yoga breathing exercise techniques that improve ventilator function.Objective: To assess the effect of yoga breathing exercises on their ventilatory function. Methods: Forty eight male and female students of 18 - 30 years were involved in the study of ventilatory function before and after yoga breathing exercise. Pulmonary function tests were performed with the subject sitting in a comfortable chair. Initial recording of tidal volume, inspiratory capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, forced vital capacity, and timed vital capacity in one second were measured.Results: There was significant increase in inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity after yoga breathing exercise.Conclusion: Yoga breathing exercise improves ventilatory function. Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December 2016, page: 17-22

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Pulmonary function before and after surgical correction of scoliosis

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-021-00071-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mona Mansour Ahmed ◽

Hesham Atef Abdelhalim ◽

Reham Mohammed Mohammed Elamir

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Posterior Spinal Fusion ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Spinal Fusion Surgery ◽

Scoliosis Correction ◽

Before And After ◽

Forced Expiratory Flow ◽

Cobb’S Angle

Abstract Background As one of the restrictive lung diseases, scoliosis can be treated by surgical intervention to enhance the pulmonary function of that group of patients. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of scoliosis correction on pulmonary function after a 6-month duration. Around 30 patients with scoliosis were aged between 10 and 40 years old subjecting to posterior spinal fusion surgery who had been enrolled in the study; all of them were subjected to Cobb’s angle measuring and pulmonary function test before and 6 months after the operation. Results Cobb’s angle before the operation was 57.3 ± 13.6°, which significantly corrected and reached up to 21.2 ± 7.2° postoperatively with a mean difference of about 36.13°, P < 0.001. The correlation of Cobb’s angle, forced vital capacity (FVC%), and vital capacity (VC%) was significantly negative. Pulmonary function showed restrictive pattern; forced vital capacity “FVC”, forced expiratory volume 1 “FEV1”, vital capacity “VC”, and forced expiratory flow “FEF 25–75%” were 62.4± 18.06, 65.6±20, 60.7±17.8, and 79.6±28.5, respectively; after 6 months, the reading changed to 60.9± 17.9, 64.04±19.3, 59.16±17.5, and 80.26±28.02 respectively with an insignificant difference, P>0.05. Conclusion The pulmonary function showed insignificant changes after 6 months of operation, despite significant changes in Cobb’s angle while the preoperative FVC and VC were inversely correlated with it.

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Assessment of factors affecting short-term pulmonary functions following cardiac surgery: A prospective observational study

Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals ◽

10.1177/02184923211010079 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 021849232110100

Author(s):

Neetika Katiyar ◽

Sandeep Negi ◽

Sunder Lal Negi ◽

Goverdhan Dutt Puri ◽

Shyam Kumar Singh Thingnam

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Pulmonary Complications ◽

Operative Morbidity ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Significant Impairment

Background Pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery are very common and lead to an increased incidence of post-operative morbidity and mortality. Several factors, either modifiable or non-modifiable, may contribute to the associated unfavorable consequences related to pulmonary function. This study was aimed to investigate the degree of alteration and factors influencing pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity), on third, fifth, and seventh post-operative days following cardiac surgery. Methods This study was executed in 71 patients who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery. Pulmonary function was assessed before surgery and on the third, fifth, and seventh post-operative days. Data including surgical details, information about risk factors, and assessment of pulmonary function were obtained. Results The FEV1 and forced vital capacity were significantly impaired on post-operative days 3, 5, and 7 compared to pre-operative values. The reduction in FEV1 was 41%, 29%, and 16% and in forced vital capacity was 42%, 29%, and 19% consecutively on post-operative days 3, 5, and 7. Multivariate analysis was done to detect the factors influencing post-operative FEV1 and forced vital capacity. Discussion This study observed a significant impairment in FEV1 and forced vital capacity, which did not completely recover by the seventh post-operative day. Different factors affecting post-operative FEV1 and forced vital capacity were pre-operative FEV1, age ≥60, less body surface area, lower pre-operative chest expansion at the axillary level, and having more duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery. Presence of these factors enhances the chance of developing post-operative pulmonary complications.

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Deep breaths, methacholine, and airway narrowing in healthy and mild asthmatic subjects

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00209.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 1384-1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Emanuele Crimi ◽

Riccardo Pellegrino ◽

Manlio Milanese ◽

Vito Brusasco

Keyword(s):

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Forced Expiration ◽

Airway Narrowing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mild Asthmatic ◽

Residual Capacity ◽

Airway Conductance

Deep breaths taken before inhalation of methacholine attenuate the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in healthy but not in asthmatic subjects. We investigated whether this difference also exists by using measurements not preceded by full inflation, i.e., airway conductance, functional residual capacity, as well as flow and residual volume from partial forced expiration. We found that five deep breaths preceding a single dose of methacholine 1) transiently attenuated the decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in healthy ( n = 8) but not in mild asthmatic ( n = 10) subjects and 2) increased the areas under the curve of changes in parameters not preceded by a full inflation over 40 min, during which further deep breaths were prohibited, without significant difference between healthy ( n = 6) and mild asthmatic ( n = 16) subjects. In conclusion, a series of deep breaths preceding methacholine inhalation significantly enhances bronchoconstrictor response similarly in mild asthmatic and healthy subjects but facilitates bronchodilatation on further full inflation in the latter.

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