scholarly journals Complementary spatial and timing control in rhythmic arm movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1543-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Nickl ◽  
M. Mert Ankarali ◽  
Noah J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Timing Synchronization ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Spatial Error

Volitional rhythmic motor behaviors such as limb cycling and locomotion exhibit spatial and timing regularity. Such rhythmic movements are executed in the presence of exogenous visual and nonvisual cues, and previous studies have shown the pivotal role that vision plays in guiding spatial and temporal regulation. However, the influence of nonvisual information conveyed through auditory or touch sensory pathways, and its effect on control, remains poorly understood. To characterize the function of nonvisual feedback in rhythmic arm control, we designed a paddle juggling task in which volunteers bounced a ball off a rigid elastic surface to a target height in virtual reality by moving a physical handle with the right hand. Feedback was delivered at two key phases of movement: visual feedback at ball peaks only and simultaneous audio and haptic feedback at ball-paddle collisions. In contrast to previous work, we limited visual feedback to the minimum required for jugglers to assess spatial accuracy, and we independently perturbed the spatial dimensions and the timing of feedback. By separately perturbing this information, we evoked dissociable effects on spatial accuracy and timing, confirming that juggling, and potentially other rhythmic tasks, involves two complementary processes with distinct dynamics: spatial error correction and feedback timing synchronization. Moreover, we show evidence that audio and haptic feedback provide sufficient information for the brain to control the timing synchronization process by acting as a metronome-like cue that triggers hand movement. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vision contains rich information for control of rhythmic arm movements; less is known, however, about the role of nonvisual feedback (touch and sound). Using a virtual ball bouncing task allowing independent real-time manipulation of spatial location and timing of cues, we show their dissociable roles in regulating motor behavior. We confirm that visual feedback is used to correct spatial error and provide new evidence that nonvisual event cues act to reset the timing of arm movements.

scholarly journals Learning of a Sequential Motor Skill Comprises Explicit and Implicit Components That Consolidate Differently

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 2218-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Felice Ghilardi ◽  
Clara Moisello ◽  
Giulia Silvestri ◽  
Claude Ghez ◽  
John W. Krakauer
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Sequence Elements

The ability to perform accurate sequential movements is essential to normal motor function. Learning a sequential motor behavior is comprised of two basic components: explicit identification of the order in which the sequence elements should be performed and implicit acquisition of spatial accuracy for each element. Here we investigated the time course of learning of these components for a first sequence (SEQA) and their susceptibility to interference from learning a second sequence (SEQB). We assessed explicit learning with a discrete index, the number of correct anticipatory movements, and implicit learning with a continuous variable, spatial error, which decreased during learning without subject awareness. Spatial accuracy to individual sequence elements reached asymptotic levels only when the whole sequence order was known. Interference with recall of the order of SEQA persisted even when SEQB was learned 24 h after SEQA. However, there was resistance to interference by SEQB with increased initial training with SEQA. For implicit learning of spatial accuracy, SEQB interfered at 5 min but not 24 h after SEQA. As in the case of sequence order, prolonged initial training with SEQA induced resistance to interference by SEQB. We conclude that explicit sequence learning is more susceptible to anterograde interference and implicit sequence learning is more susceptible to retrograde interference. However, both become resistant to interference with saturation training. We propose that an essential feature of motor skill learning is the process by which discrete explicit task elements are combined with continuous implicit features of movement to form flawless sequential actions.

Hand Movements and Nondominant Fluency in Bilinguals

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Movement Activity

16 subordinate bilingual subjects produced 5-min. monologues in their nondominant languages, i.e., English or Spanish. Hand-movement activity manifested during the videotape monologues was scored and related to measures of fluency in the nondominant language. The hand-movement behavior categorized as Groping Movement was significantly related to all of the nondominant-language fluency measures. These correlations support the assumption that Groping Movement may have a function in the process of verbal encoding. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of monitoring central cognitive processes through the study of “visible” motor behavior.

scholarly journals The Identification of Non-Driving Activities with Associated Implication on the Take-Over Process

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Lichao Yang ◽  
Mahdi Babayi Semiromi ◽  
Yang Xing ◽  
Chen Lv ◽  
James Brighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
The Impact

In conditionally automated driving, the engagement of non-driving activities (NDAs) can be regarded as the main factor that affects the driver’s take-over performance, the investigation of which is of great importance to the design of an intelligent human–machine interface for a safe and smooth control transition. This paper introduces a 3D convolutional neural network-based system to recognize six types of driver behaviour (four types of NDAs and two types of driving activities) through two video feeds based on head and hand movement. Based on the interaction of driver and object, the selected NDAs are divided into active mode and passive mode. The proposed recognition system achieves 85.87% accuracy for the classification of six activities. The impact of NDAs on the perspective of the driver’s situation awareness and take-over quality in terms of both activity type and interaction mode is further investigated. The results show that at a similar level of achieved maximum lateral error, the engagement of NDAs demands more time for drivers to accomplish the control transition, especially for the active mode NDAs engagement, which is more mentally demanding and reduces drivers’ sensitiveness to the driving situation change. Moreover, the haptic feedback torque from the steering wheel could help to reduce the time of the transition process, which can be regarded as a productive assistance system for the take-over process.

scholarly journals Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1967-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Gouirand ◽  
James Mathew ◽  
Eli Brenner ◽  
Frederic R. Danion
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Visuomotor Adaptation ◽  
Online Control ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Hand Tracking ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
The Gaze

Adapting hand movements to changes in our body or the environment is essential for skilled motor behavior. Although eye movements are known to assist hand movement control, how eye movements might contribute to the adaptation of hand movements remains largely unexplored. To determine to what extent eye movements contribute to visuomotor adaptation of hand tracking, participants were asked to track a visual target that followed an unpredictable trajectory with a cursor using a joystick. During blocks of trials, participants were either allowed to look wherever they liked or required to fixate a cross at the center of the screen. Eye movements were tracked to ensure gaze fixation as well as to examine free gaze behavior. The cursor initially responded normally to the joystick, but after several trials, the direction in which it responded was rotated by 90°. Although fixating the eyes had a detrimental influence on hand tracking performance, participants exhibited a rather similar time course of adaptation to rotated visual feedback in the gaze-fixed and gaze-free conditions. More importantly, there was extensive transfer of adaptation between the gaze-fixed and gaze-free conditions. We conclude that although eye movements are relevant for the online control of hand tracking, they do not play an important role in the visuomotor adaptation of such tracking. These results suggest that participants do not adapt by changing the mapping between eye and hand movements, but rather by changing the mapping between hand movements and the cursor’s motion independently of eye movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Eye movements assist hand movements in everyday activities, but their contribution to visuomotor adaptation remains largely unknown. We compared adaptation of hand tracking under free gaze and fixed gaze. Although our results confirm that following the target with the eyes increases the accuracy of hand movements, they unexpectedly demonstrate that gaze fixation does not hinder adaptation. These results suggest that eye movements have distinct contributions for online control and visuomotor adaptation of hand movements.

scholarly journals Visual Feedback And Pseudo–Haptic Feedback Improve Manual Lifting Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faieza Abdul Aziz ◽  
D. T. Pham ◽  
Shamsuddin Sulaiman ◽  
Napsiah Ismail ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Ariffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Manual Lifting

Control Mechanisms in Oscillatory Motor Behavior

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Piovesan ◽  
Felix C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Rhythmic Movement ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Inertial Loading

Studies on unimpaired humans have demonstrated that the central nervous system employs internal representations of limb dynamics and intended movement trajectories for planning muscle activation during pointing and reaching tasks. However, when performing rhythmic movements, it has been hypothesized that a control scheme employing an autonomous oscillator — a simple feedback circuit lacking exogenous input — can maintain stable control. Here we investigate whether such simple control architectures that can realize rhythmic movement that we observe in experimental data. We asked subjects to perform rhythmic movements of the forearm while a robotic interface simulated inertial loading. Our protocol included unexpected increases in loading (catch trials) as a probe to reveal any systematic changes in frequency and amplitude. Our primary findings were that increased inertial loading resulted in reduced frequency of oscillations, and in some cases multiple frequencies. These results exhibit some agreement with an autonomous oscillator model, though other features are more consistent with feedforward planning of force. This investigation provides a theoretical and experimental framework to reveal basic computational elements for how the human motor system achieves skilled rhythmic movement.

The Use of Reinforcement Procedures in Retraining Hand Movement of a CVA Hemiplegic

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smith ◽  
Mary Ann Henriques ◽  
Barry S. Parsonson
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Binary Feedback ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Direct Feedback ◽  
Upper Extremity Movement

This study investigated the effectiveness of reinforcement procedures in retraining upper extremity movement impaired as a result of cerebrovascular accident. A simply constructed instrument permitted accurate measurement of motor responding and, under some treatment conditions, provided the subject with direct feedback of movement. Experimenter praise for movement which met a pre-selected standard or criterion, in combination with binary visual feedback of performance and a knowledge of progress condition, was shown to bring about continuing improvement in the hemiplegic subject's range of supination. Praise with binary feedback alone functioned only to sustain responding at above baseline levels.

The influence of haptic feedback on hand movement regularity in elderly adults

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldassarre D'Elia ◽  
Benish Fida ◽  
Ivan Bernabucci ◽  
Silvia Conforto ◽  
Tommaso D'Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Elderly Adults

scholarly journals A decentralized control scheme for orchestrating versatile arm movements in ophiuroid omnidirectional locomotion

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (66) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Watanabe ◽  
Takeshi Kano ◽  
Shota Suzuki ◽  
Akio Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Role Assignment ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Living Organisms

Autonomous decentralized control is a key concept for understanding the mechanism underlying the adaptive and versatile behaviour of animals. Although the design methodology of decentralized control based on a dynamical system approach that can impart adaptability by using coupled oscillators has been proposed in previous studies, it cannot reproduce the versatility of animal behaviours comprehensively. Therefore, our objective is to understand behavioural versatility from the perspective of well-coordinated rhythmic and non-rhythmic movements. To this end, we focus on ophiuroids as a simple good model of living organisms that exhibit spontaneous role assignment of rhythmic and non-rhythmic arm movements, and we model such arm movements by using an active rotator model that can describe both oscillatory and excitatory properties. Simulation results show that the spontaneous role assignment of arm movements is successfully realized by using the proposed model, and the simulated locomotion is qualitatively equivalent to the locomotion of real ophiuroids. This fact can potentially facilitate a better understanding of the control mechanism responsible for the orchestration of versatile arm movements in ophiuroid omnidirectional locomotion.

Evaluation of a Haptic Mixed Reality System for Interactions with a Virtual Control Panel

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph W. Borst ◽  
Richard A. Volz
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Virtual Control

We present a haptic feedback technique that combines feedback from a portable force-feedback glove with feedback from direct contact with rigid passive objects. This approach is a haptic analogue of visual mixed reality, since it can be used to haptically combine real and virtual elements in a single display. We discuss device limitations that motivated this combined approach and summarize technological challenges encountered. We present three experiments to evaluate the approach for interactions with buttons and sliders on a virtual control panel. In our first experiment, this approach resulted in better task performance and better subjective ratings than the use of only a force-feedback glove. In our second experiment, visual feedback was degraded and the combined approach resulted in better performance than the glove-only approach and in better ratings of slider interactions than both glove-only and passive-only approaches. A third experiment allowed subjective comparison of approaches and provided additional evidence that the combined approach provides the best experience.

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