scholarly journals Age-related neuromuscular function and dynamic balance control during slow and fast balance perturbations

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo M. Piirainen ◽  
Vesa Linnamo ◽  
Neil J. Cronin ◽  
Janne Avela
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
M Wave ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wave Latency

This study investigated age-related differences in dynamic balance control and its connection to reflexes and explosive isometric plantar flexor torque in 19 males (9 Young aged 20–33 yr, 10 Elderly aged 61–72 yr). Dynamic balance was measured during Slow (15 cm/s) and Fast (25 cm/s) anterior and posterior perturbations. H/M-ratio was measured at 20% of maximal M-wave (H/M20%) 10, 30, and 90 ms after perturbations. Stretch reflexes were measured from tibialis anterior and soleus during anterior and posterior perturbations, respectively. In Slow, Elderly exhibited larger peak center-of-pressure (COP) displacement (15%; P < 0.05) during anterior perturbations. In Fast, Young showed a trend for faster recovery (37%; P = 0.086) after anterior perturbations. M-wave latency was similar between groups (6.2 ± 0.7 vs. 6.9 ± 1.2 ms), whereas Elderly showed a longer H-reflex latency (33.7 ± 2.3 vs. 36.4 ± 1.7 ms; P < 0.01). H/M20% was higher in Young 30 ms after Fast anterior (50%; P < 0.05) and posterior (51%; P < 0.05) perturbations. Plantar flexor rapid torque was also higher in Young (26%; P < 0.05). After combining both groups' data, H/M20% correlated negatively with Slow peak COP displacement ( r = −0.510, P < 0.05) and positively with Fast recovery time ( r = 0.580, P < 0.05) for anterior perturbations. Age-related differences in balance control seem to be more evident in anterior than posterior perturbations, and rapid sensory feedback is generally important for balance perturbation recovery.

scholarly journals Applying the Minimal Detectable Change of a Static and Dynamic Balance Test Using a Portable Stabilometric Platform to Individually Assess Patients with Balance Disorders

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan De la Torre ◽  
Javier Marin ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
José J. Marín
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Specialist Physician

Balance disorders have a high prevalence among elderly people in developed countries, and falls resulting from balance disorders involve high healthcare costs. Therefore, tools and indicators are necessary to assess the response to treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect relevant changes through minimal detectable change (MDC) values in patients with balance disorders, specifically with vertigo. A test-retest of a static and dynamic balance test was conducted on 34 healthy young volunteer subjects using a portable stabilometric platform. Afterwards, in order to show the MDC applicability, eight patients diagnosed with balance disorders characterized by vertigo of vestibular origin performed the balance test before and after a treatment, contrasting the results with the assessment by a specialist physician. The balance test consisted of four tasks from the Romberg test for static balance control, assessing dynamic postural balance through the limits of stability (LOS). The results obtained in the test-retest show the reproducibility of the system as being similar to or better than those found in the literature. Regarding the static balance variables with the lowest MDC value, we highlight the average velocity of the center of pressure (COP) in all tasks and the root mean square (RMS), the area, and the mediolateral displacement in soft surface, with eyes closed. In LOS, all COP limits and the average speed of the COP and RMS were highlighted. Of the eight patients assessed, an agreement between the specialist physician and the balance test results exists in six of them, and for two of the patients, the specialist physician reported no progression, whereas the balance test showed worsening. Patients showed changes that exceeded the MDC values, and these changes were correlated with the results reported by the specialist physician. We conclude that (at least for these eight patients) certain variables were sufficiently sensitive to detect changes linked to balance progression. This is intended to improve decision making and individualized patient monitoring.

Age dependency of neuromuscular function and dynamic balance control

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo M. Piirainen ◽  
Janne Avela ◽  
Niina Sippola ◽  
Vesa Linnamo
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Age Dependency

scholarly journals Effect of Milwaukee brace on static and dynamic balance of female hyperkyphotic adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Eshraghi ◽  
Nader Maroufi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sanjari ◽  
Hassan Saeedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Keyhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Milwaukee Brace

Background: Biomechanical factors, such as spinal deformities can result in balance control disorders. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bracing on static and dynamic balance control of hyperkyphotic female adolescents. Study Design: Clinical trial. Methods: A force platform was employed to record center of pressure (COP) parameters. Ten adolescents undergoing Milwaukee brace for hyperkyphosis and 14 normal subjects participated in the study. The COP data were collected with and without brace immediately on first day and after 120 days of continuous brace wear. Results: No significant difference was found in dynamic and static balance tests with and without brace on the first day ( P > 0.05). After 120 days, the values of COP displacement in functional reach to the right and left for the hyperkyphotic adolescents when performing without brace enhanced significantly compared to the first day. The forward reach distance was not significantly different between the normal and hyperkyphotic subjects ( P = 0.361); however, hyperkyphotic participants had significantly smaller reach distance in the functional reach to the right (21.88 vs. 25.56cm) and left (17.04 vs. 21.25cm). Conclusion: It might be concluded that bracing had a possible effect on improvement of dynamic balance performance, because the subjects could reach the target in dynamic reach tests with higher displacement in sagittal plane without losing their balance control. Clinical relevance Little is known about the biomechanical aspects of brace wear in individuals with hyperkyphosis. This study investigated balance differences between the healthy and hyperkyphotic individuals, and outcomes of Milwaukee brace wear. It might provide some new insight into the conservative treatment of hyperkyphosis for clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals Single-Legged Hop and Single-Legged Squat Balance Performance in Recreational Athletes With a History of Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Lynall ◽  
Kody R. Campbell ◽  
Timothy C. Mauntel ◽  
J. Troy Blackburn ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Stabilization ◽  
History Of

Context Researchers have suggested that balance deficiencies may linger during functional activities after concussion recovery. Objective To determine whether participants with a history of concussion demonstrated dynamic balance deficits as compared with control participants during single-legged hops and single-legged squats. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 15 previously concussed participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 0.9 years, height = 169.2 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 66.0 ± 12.8 kg, median time since concussion = 126 days [range = 28–432 days]) were matched with 15 control participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.6 years, height = 172.3 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 71.0 ± 10.4 kg). Intervention(s) During single-legged hops, participants jumped off a 30-cm box placed at 50% of their height behind a force plate, landed on a single limb, and attempted to achieve a stable position as quickly as possible. Participants performed single-legged squats while standing on a force plate. Main Outcome Measure(s) Time to stabilization (TTS; time for the normalized ground reaction force to stabilize after landing) was calculated during the single-legged hop, and center-of-pressure path and speed were calculated during single-legged squats. Groups were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for average days since concussion. Results The concussion group demonstrated a longer TTS than the control group during the single-legged hop on the nondominant leg (mean difference = 0.35 seconds [95% confidence interval = 0.04, 0.64]; F2,27 = 5.69, P = .02). No TTS differences were observed for the dominant leg (F2,27 = 0.64, P = .43). No group differences were present for the single-legged squat on either leg (P ≥ .11). Conclusions Dynamic balance-control deficits after concussion may contribute to an increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Given our findings, we suggest that neuromuscular deficits currently not assessed after concussion may linger. Time to stabilization is a clinically applicable measure that has been used to distinguish patients with various pathologic conditions, such as chronic ankle instability and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, from healthy control participants. Whereas the single-legged squat may not sufficiently challenge balance control, future study of the more dynamic single-legged hop is needed to determine its potential diagnostic and prognostic value after concussion.

Balance Control During the Delivery Stride in Competitive Older Age Lawn Bowlers

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G.L. Sayers ◽  
Amanda L. Tweddle ◽  
Jessika Morris
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dynamic Postural Stability

This project assessed dynamic balance and stability in aged lawn bowlers during the delivery stride. Participants were divided into two groups: aged 65 years or less (n = 14) and aged over 65 years (n = 16). Standard balance-based center of pressure (CoP) and ground reaction force variables were recorded and a Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) was used for calculating during ten deliveries. None of the balance variables correlated significantly with age although years of bowling experience correlated with DPSI scores (r = -.42, P = .019). The over 65 group had significantly greater variance in the mediolateral CoP movements, with no other significant differences in balance or postural stability variables between groups. Analysis of covariance indicated that the DPSI data were influenced significantly by bowling experience regardless of age group. It was concluded that in older aged lawn bowlers, playing experience rather than age is a key determinant of balance control during the lawn bowls delivery action.

scholarly journals Galvanic vestibular stimulation with low intensity improves dynamic balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Hongmei Chen ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Yujuan Chai ◽  
Enxiang Tao ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Low Intensity

Abstract Background Dynamic balance is associated with fall risk. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation with very low intensity direct current (dcGVS) on dynamic balance. Methodology We used a rocker force platform for assessing the dynamic balance performance. Center-of-pressure (COP) coordinates were acquired and decomposed to rambling (RA) and trembling (TR). We measured sway parameters, including length, average speed, and average range, affected by dcGVS at 0.01 mA with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Results We assessed 33 young healthy subjects and found that all sway parameters were shorter in the EO condition, indicating a better dynamic balance performance. dcGVS significantly improved the dynamic balance performance both in EO and EC conditions. All the sway parameters in COP in EO were significantly shorter than those in EC, indicating a better dynamic balance performance in EO. In EO, RA had greater improvement rates than TR. In EC, only average speed had a greater improvement rate in RA, whereas length and average range had greater improvement rates in TR. These results indicate a different modulation model between EO and EC. Conclusion These findings indicate that very low intensity dcGVS improved the sway parameters of dynamic balance in young healthy subjects. Moreover, our results suggest different dynamic balance control models between having EO and EC. The mechanisms of these phenomena caused by very low intensity dcGVS require further investigation.

Effect of a 10-Week Traditional Dance Program on Static and Dynamic Balance Control in Elderly Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgos Sofianidis ◽  
Vassilia Hatzitaki ◽  
Stella Douka ◽  
Giorgos Grouios
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Traditional Dance

This preliminary study examined the effect of a 10-wk traditional Greek dance program on static and dynamic balance indices in healthy elderly adults. Twenty-six community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either an intervention group who took supervised Greek traditional dance classes for 10 wk (1 hr, 2 sessions/week,n= 14), or a control group (n= 12). Balance was assessed pre- and postintervention by recording the center-of-pressure (COP) variations and trunk kinematics during performance of the Sharpened-Romberg test, 1-leg (OL) stance, and dynamic weight shifting (WS). After practice, the dance group significantly decreased COP displacement and trunk sway in OL stance. A significant increase in the range of trunk rotation was noted during performance of dynamic WS in the sagittal and frontal planes. These findings support the use of traditional dance as an effective means of physical activity for improving static and dynamic balance control in the elderly.

AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCE IN DYNAMIC POSTURAL BALANCE AGAINST TILTING PERTURBATION IN MEN AND WOMEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1740038 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI-WON KIM ◽  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to investigate how age and gender affect the dynamic postural balance during tilting perturbation. Fifty healthy subjects (15 young men, 13 young women, 11 elderly men and 11 elderly women) performed balance test on a movable force plate that tilted toe-up and toe-down. As outcome measures, maximum excursion and fluctuation were calculated from center of pressure (COP) data in the sagittal plane (anteroposterior). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc comparisons were performed for the outcome measures with the independent factors of age and gender. The elderly had a greater COP maximum excursion as compared to the young during both perturbations ([Formula: see text]). COP fluctuation showed significant interaction of age and gender only in toe-up perturbation ([Formula: see text]). Especially, age-related difference existed only in women ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that elderly women have dynamic balance strategy with great and fluctuated sway in response to toe-up perturbation. The age-related changes in dynamic balance among women may be related to the greater fall rate of elderly women.

scholarly journals Assessment of Visual Reliance in Balance Control: An Inexpensive Extension of the Static Posturography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Púčik ◽  
Marián Šaling ◽  
Tomáš Lukáč ◽  
Oldřich Ondráček ◽  
Martin Kucharík
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Age Related

Ability of humans to maintain balance in an upright stance and during movement activities is one of the most natural skills affecting everyday life. This ability progressively deteriorates with increasing age, and balance impairment, often aggravated by age-related diseases, can result in falls that adversely impact the quality of life. Falls represent serious problems of health concern associated with aging. Many investigators, involved in different science disciplines such as medicine, engineering, psychology, and sport, have been attracted by a research of the human upright stance. In a clinical practice, stabilometry based on the force plate is the most widely available procedure used to evaluate the balance. In this paper, we have proposed a low-cost extension of the conventional stabilometry by the multimedia technology that allows identifying potentially disturbing effects of visual sensory information. Due to the proposed extension, a stabilometric assessment in terms of line integral of center of pressure (COP) during moving scene stimuli shows higher discrimination power between young healthy and elderly subjects with supposed stronger visual reliance.

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