scholarly journals Learning-induced modulation of the effect of endocannabinoids on inhibitory synaptic transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 752-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Ghosh ◽  
Iris Reuveni ◽  
Samaa Zidan ◽  
Raphael Lamprecht ◽  
Edi Barkai
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Synaptic Inhibition ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Postsynaptic Mechanism

Endocannabinoids are key modulators that regulate central brain functions and behaviors, including learning and memory. At the cellular and molecular levels, endocannabinoids are potent modulators of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic function. Most effects of cannabinoids are thought to be mediated via G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors. In particular, cannabinoids released from postsynaptic neurons are suggested to act as retrograde messengers, activating presynaptic type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs), thereby inducing suppression of synaptic release. Another central mechanism of cannabinoid-induced action requires activation of astroglial CB1Rs. CB1Rs are also implicated in self-modulation of cortical neurons. Rats that are trained in a particularly difficult olfactory-discrimination task show a dramatic increased ability to acquire memories of new odors. The memory of the acquired high-skill acquisition, termed “rule learning” or “learning set,” lasts for many months. Using this behavioral paradigm, we show a novel function of action for CB1Rs, supporting long-term memory by maintaining persistent enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission. Long-lasting enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission is blocked by a CB1R inverse agonist. This effect is mediated by a novel purely postsynaptic mechanism, obtained by enhancing the single GABAA channel conductance that is PKA dependent. The significant role that CB1R has in maintaining learning-induced long-term strengthening of synaptic inhibition suggests that endocannabinoids have a key role in maintaining long-term memory by enhancing synaptic inhibition. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study we show a novel function and mechanism of action for cannabinoids in neurons, mediated by activation of type-1 cannabinoid receptors, supporting long-term memory by maintaining persistent enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission on excitatory neurons. This effect is mediated by a novel purely postsynaptic mechanism, obtained by enhancing the single GABAA channel conductance that is PKA dependent. Thus we report for the first time that endocannabinoids have a key role maintaining learning-induced synaptic modification.

scholarly journals Robust Recall and Long-Term Memory T-Cell Responses Induced by Prime-Boost Regimens with Heterologous Live Viral Vectors Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag and Env Proteins

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7506-7517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Haglund ◽  
Ingrid Leiner ◽  
Kristen Kerksiek ◽  
Linda Buonocore ◽  
Eric Pamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We investigated long-term memory and recall cellular immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env and Gag proteins elicited by recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) expressing Env and Gag. More than 7 months after a single vaccination with VSV-Env, ∼6% of CD8+ splenocytes stained with major histocompatibility complex class I tetramers containing the Env p18-I10 immunodominant peptide and showed a memory phenotype (CD44Hi). The level of tetramer-positive cells in memory was about 14% of the peak primary response. Recall responses elicited in these mice 5 days after boosting with a heterologous recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 Env showed that 40 to 45% of CD8+ splenocytes were tetramer positive and activated (CD62LLo), and these cells produced gamma interferon after stimulation with Env peptide, indicating that they were functional. Five months after the boost, the long-term memory cell population (tetramer positive, CD44Hi) constituted 30% of the CD8+ splenocytes. Recall responses to HIV-1 Gag were examined in mice primed with VSV recombinants expressing HIV-1 Gag protein and boosted with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing Gag. Using this protocol, we found that ∼40% of CD8+ splenocytes were activated (CD62LLo) and specific for a Gag immunodominant peptide (tetramer positive). The high-level Gag recall response elicited by the vaccinia virus-Gag was greater than that obtained by boosting with a VSV-Gag vector with a different VSV glycoprotein. The corresponding levels of CD44Hi memory cells were also higher long after boosting with vaccinia virus-Gag than after boosting with a glycoprotein exchange VSV-Gag. Our results show that VSV vectors elicit high-level memory CTL responses and that these can be amplified as much as six- to sevenfold using a heterologous boosting vector.

Posttraining activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus impairs object recognition long-term memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Clarke ◽  
Janine I. Rossato ◽  
Siomara Monteiro ◽  
Lia R.M. Bevilaqua ◽  
Iván Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region

scholarly journals ben Functions with Scamp during Synaptic Transmission and Long-Term Memory Formation in Drosophila

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhao ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
X. Yuan ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Nicotine Uses Neuron-Glia Communication to Enhance Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission and Long-term Memory

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica López-Hidalgo ◽  
Karla Salgado-Puga ◽  
Reynaldo Alvarado-Martínez ◽  
Andrea Cristina Medina ◽  
Roberto A. Prado-Alcalá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

Long-term memory B-cell responses in recipients of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccines

Vaccine ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 2626-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Evans ◽  
Sharon Frey ◽  
Heidi Israel ◽  
Joseph Chiu ◽  
Raphaelle El-Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

A role for the Ras signalling pathway in synaptic transmission and long-term memory

Nature ◽  
10.1038/36849 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 390 (6657) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Brambilla ◽  
Nerina Gnesutta ◽  
Liliana Minichiello ◽  
Gail White ◽  
Alistair J. Roylance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Ras Signalling

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Retrieval from Memory or Procedural Strategies for Addition Problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Fanget ◽  
Catherine Thevenot ◽  
Caroline Castel ◽  
Michel Fayol
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Addition Problem ◽  
Retrieval From Memory ◽  
Calculation Procedures

In this study, we used a paradigm recently developed ( Thevenot, Fanget, & Fayol, 2007 ) to determine whether 10-year-old children solve simple addition problems by retrieval of the answer from long-term memory or by calculation procedures. Our paradigm is unique in that it does not rely on reaction times or verbal reports, which are known to potentially bias the results, especially in children. Rather, it takes advantage of the fact that calculation procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands, so that it is more difficult to recognize them when they have been involved in the solution of an addition problem by calculation rather than by retrieval. The present study sharpens the current conclusions in the literature and shows that, when the sum of addition problems is up to 10, children mainly use retrieval, but when it is greater than 10, they mainly use calculation procedures.

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