scholarly journals A Case of Nonalcoholic Marchiafava-Bignami Disease with Left-Right Differential Agraphia of Chinese Characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Mimpei Kawamura ◽  
Yasutaka Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Right

We report a 68-year-old right-handed female who was admitted to our hospital complaining chiefly of incontinence and decreased activity. Her brain images showed characteristics of Marchiafava-Bignami disease, such as symmetrical abnormal signals localized in the corpus callosum. The patient had no drinking habits. Her past medical history included total gastric resection to treat gastric cancer. On hospital admission she was markedly underweight. This appeared to be a rare case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease not attributable to heavy drinking and occurring in a state of malnutrition. Evaluation of callosal dissociation symptoms produced findings indicative of such symptoms. She showed a marked difficulty in writing dictated single words and short sentences in Japanese alphabetic characters, especially with her left hand. In contrast, writing dictated words in Chinese characters (also used in written Japanese) was affected in both hands, with different types of dysgraphia seen in the right and left hands. The agraphia in the left hand seen in this patient appears to have occurred as a result of the language faculty of the left hemisphere failing to be transmitted to the right brain, while agraphia in the right hand may have occurred as a result of spatial processing information in the right hemisphere failing to be transmitted to the left hemisphere.

Ipsilateral Motor Cortex Activity During Unimanual Hand Movements Relates to Task Complexity

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Verstynen ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen ◽  
Neil Albert ◽  
Paul Aparicio ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Sequential Structure ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
The Right

Functional imaging studies have revealed recruitment of ipsilateral motor areas during the production of sequential unimanual finger movements. This phenomenon is more prominent in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements than in the right hemisphere during right-hand movements. Here we investigate whether this lateralization pattern is related specifically to the sequential structure of the unimanual action or generalizes to other complex movements. Using event-related fMRI, we measured activation changes in the motor cortex during three types of unimanual movements: repetitions of a sequence of movements with multiple fingers, repetitive “chords” composed of three simultaneous key presses, and simple repetitive tapping movements with a single finger. During sequence and chord movements, strong ipsilateral activation was observed and was especially pronounced in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements. This pattern was evident for both right-handed and, to a lesser degree, left-handed individuals. Ipsilateral activation was less pronounced in the tapping condition. The site of ipsilateral activation was shifted laterally, ventrally, and anteriorly with respect to that observed during contralateral movements and the time course of activation implied a role in the execution rather than planning of the movement. A control experiment revealed that strong ipsilateral activity in left motor cortex is specific to complex movements and does not depend on the number of required muscles. These findings indicate a prominent role of left hemisphere in the execution of complex movements independent of the sequential nature of the task.

The influence of wrist tapping based on the author’s methodology on the dynamics of intrahemispheric integration and ‘internal’ rhythm in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
E. A. Narodova ◽  
N. A. Shnayder ◽  
V. V. Narodova ◽  
E. E. Erakhtin ◽  
V. E. Karnaukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beta Rhythms ◽  
The Right

The goal The goal is to study the lateralization of changes in intrahemispheric coherence in accordance with the basic rhythms of electroen- cephalography in healthy young people under the influence of tapping on the wrist in accordance with the author’s technique.Materials and methods: The conduct of this study was approved by the ethics com- mittee of KrasGMU. prof. V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (protocol No. 77/2017 of 06/26/2017). The study of the infl  of wrist tapping according to the author’s technique on the coefficient of intrahemispheric coherence of the cerebral cortex in healthy volunteers (n2=63). Wrist tapping was carried out using the original technique (RF patent No. 2606489 of 01/10/2017). The analysis of intrahemispheric coherence in the pairs F3–T5, T5–O1, F3–O1, F4–T6, T6–O2, F4–O2 was carried out using a com- puter encephalographic complex (Neurocartograph, MBN Moscow).Results and discussions: According to the studies, it was shown that under the influence of tapping the hand according to the author’s technique, the state of sensory deprivation (closed eyes), statistically signifi changes in hemisphere coherence in theta and beta rhythms were not found, p>0.05, however, we showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) de- crease in hemisphere alpha-rhythm coherence in the right hemisphere in pairs F4–T4 (p=0.0000793) and F4–O2 (p=0.01711824), while the median coherence coeffi  before and after tapping changed from 0.27 to 0.315 and from 0.13 to 0.175, respectively. At that time, we did not find statistically significant changes in the coherence of the hemisphere in similar pairs of the left hemisphere p>0.05. As a result of this study, when the wrist tapping was opened with the eyes of the subjects open, statistically significant changes in the coherence of the hemispheric alpha rhythm were detected only in the F3–O1 pair of the left hemisphere (p = 0.0000147), but not in the right hemisphere. At the same time, when the eyes of the volunteers were closed, there were no statistically significant changes in the coherence of the hemisphere in the theta and beta rhythms in both the left and right hemispheres.Conclusion. Thus, the use of tapping the wrist according to the author’s technique with the left hand in right-handed people in a state of sensory deprivation is promising for practical use in neurological practice, in particular in the management of patients with epilepsy and panic attacks, since a patient previously trained by the attending physician — neurorehabilitation, can use this the author’s program on his smartphone, in the case of an epileptic aura of focal epileptic seizures or precursors of panic attacks. However, the clinical application of the author’s technique needs detailed research.

A Dissociation between the Representation of Tool-use Skills and Hand Dominance: Insights from Left- and Right-handed Callosotomy Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott H. Frey ◽  
Margaret G. Funnell ◽  
Valerie E. Gerry ◽  
Michael S. Gazzaniga
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The overwhelming majority of evidence indicates that the left cerebral hemisphere of right-handed humans is dominant both for manual control and the representation of acquired skills, including tool use. It is, however, unclear whether these functions involve common or dissociable mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the disconnected left hemispheres of both right- and left-handed split-brain patients are specialized for representing acquired tool-use skills. When required to pantomime actions associated with familiar tools (Experiment 2), both patients show a right-hand (left hemisphere) advantage in response to tool names, pictures, and actual objects. Accuracy decreases as stimuli become increasingly symbolic when using the left hand (right hemisphere). Tested in isolation with lateralized pictures (Experiment 3), each patient's left hemisphere demonstrates a significant advantage over the right hemisphere for pantomiming tool-use actions with the contralateral hand. The fact that this asymmetry occurs even in a left-handed patient suggests that the left hemisphere specialization for representing praxis skills can be dissociated from mechanisms involved in hand dominance located in the right hemisphere. This effect is not attributable to differences at the conceptual level, as the left and right hemispheres are equally and highly competent at associating tools with observed pantomimes (Experiment 4).

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Dual Intentional Agency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Intentional Agency ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Right

This chapter defends the 2-agents claim, according to which the two hemispheres of a split-brain subject are associated with distinct intentional agents. The empirical basis of this claim is that, while both hemispheres are the source or site of intentions, the capacity to integrate them in practical reasoning no longer operates interhemispherically after split-brain surgery. As a result, the right hemisphere-associated agent, R, and the left hemisphere-associated agent, L, enjoy intentional autonomy from each other. Although the positive case for the 2-agents claim is grounded mainly in experimental findings, the claim is not contradicted by what we know of split-brain subjects’ ordinary behavior, that is, the way they act outside of experimental conditions.

P14.30 Voxelwise analysis of spatial distribution of postoperative ischemia in diffuse glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii44-ii44
Author(s):  
A T J van der Boog ◽  
S David ◽  
A M M Steennis ◽  
T J Snijders ◽  
J W Dankbaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of diffuse glioma is performed to reduce tumor mass effect and to pave the way for adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. As a complication of surgery, ischemic lesions are often found in the postoperative setting. Not only can these lesion induce neurological deficits, but their volume has also been associated with reduced survival time. Prior studies suggest areas with a singular vascular supply to be more prone to postoperative ischemic lesions, although the precise cause is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the volumetric and spatial distributions of postoperative ischemic lesions and their relation to arterial territories in glioma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We accessed a retrospective database of 144 adult cases with WHO grade II-IV supratentorial gliomas, who received surgery and postoperative MRI within 3 days in 2012–2014. We identified 93 patients with postoperative ischemia, defined as new confluent diffusion restriction on DWI. Ischemic lesions were manually delineated and spatially normalized to stereotaxic MNI space. Voxel-based analysis (VBA) was performed to compare presence and absence of postoperative ischemia. False positive results were eliminated by family-wise error correction. Areas of ischemia were labeled using an arterial territory map, the Harvard-Oxford cortical and subcortical atlases and the XTRACT white matter atlas. RESULTS Median volume of confluent ischemia was 3.52cc (IQR 2.15–5.94). 23 cases had only ischemic lesion in the left hemisphere, 46 in the right hemisphere and 24 bilateral. Median volume was 3.08cc (IQR 1.35–5.72) in left-sided lesions and 2.47cc (1.01–4.24) in right-sided lesions. Volume of ischemic lesions was not associated with survival after 1, 2 or 5 years. A cluster of 125.18cc was found to be significantly associated with development of postoperative ischemia. 73% of this cluster was situated in the arterial territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), limited by the border of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the watershed area between the right MCA and the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Significant areas were located in the frontal lobes, spanning into the right temporo-occipital region, and predominantly included right and left thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, as well as right temporal gyri and insular cortex, and parts of the right corticospinal tract, longitudinal fasciculi and superior thalamic radiation. CONCLUSION We found slightly more and larger ischemic lesions in the right than left hemisphere after glioma resection. A statistically significant cluster of voxels of postoperative ischemia was found in the territory of the right MCA and watershed area of the right ACA. Exploration of the spatial distribution of these lesions could help elucidate their etiology and form the basis for predicting clinically relevant postoperative ischemia.

Neuroanatomical Hippocampal Structures and Heritability of Hippocampal Volume in Relation to Memory

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaughnelene Smith
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Right

The goal of this project was to investigate the genetic heritability of hippocampal volume using twin pairs and assess the neuroanatomical structures of the hippocampus and how these properties relate to memory in humans. Data for this project was obtained from the Human Connectome Project: a data bank established to provide neural images to the public. MRI scans were used to obtain brain images of each of the participants and basic cognitive tasks were used to obtain memory ability. To date, 506 subjects have been analyzed: 66 monozygotic twin pairs, 44 dizygotic twin pairs, and 47 sibling pairs. The data collection for of this project was three-fold. First, segmentations were performed to calculate the volume of the anterior and posterior regions of the hippocampus. Secondly, the magnitudes of hippocampus dentations were recorded within the three segments – the head, body, and tail – of the hippocampus. Lastly, visual inspection was used to asses incomplete inversions, which was defined as an atypical anatomical pattern in the hippocampus. The results of this project showed a strong heritability observed on the right anterior hippocampus (hb2=1.365) and right amygdala (hb2=1.315), moderate heritability observed on the left posterior hippocampus (hb2=0.765), and weak heritability observed on the right posterior hippocampus (hb2=0.2654). This indicates that hippocampal volumetric heritability showed strong genetic control for the right hemisphere and strong environmental control for the left hemisphere. The project is still in the process of correlating the anatomical structures to the memory capabilities of the participants. 

scholarly journals The appropriacy of fluency tests in assessing epileptic seizure lateralization in children with partial epilepsy

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Jasmina Vuksanovic ◽  
Milena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Seizure Focus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Right

Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.

scholarly journals Paired-Pulse Parietal-Motor Stimulation Differentially Modulates Corticospinal Excitability across Hemispheres When Combined with Prism Adaptation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Schintu ◽  
Elisa Martín-Arévalo ◽  
Michael Vesia ◽  
Yves Rossetti ◽  
Romeo Salemme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right

Rightward prism adaptation ameliorates neglect symptoms while leftward prism adaptation (LPA) induces neglect-like biases in healthy individuals. Similarly, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) induces neglect-like behavior, whereas on the left PPC it ameliorates neglect symptoms and normalizes hyperexcitability of left hemisphere parietal-motor (PPC-M1) connectivity. Based on this analogy we hypothesized that LPA increases PPC-M1 excitability in the left hemisphere and decreases it in the right one. In an attempt to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying LPA’s effects on cognition, we investigated this hypothesis in healthy individuals measuring PPC-M1 excitability with dual-site paired-pulse TMS (ppTMS). We found a left hemisphere increase and a right hemisphere decrease in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials elicited by paired as well as single pulses on M1. While this could indicate that LPA biases interhemispheric connectivity, it contradicts previous evidence that M1-only MEPs are unchanged after LPA. A control experiment showed that input-output curves were not affected by LPAper se. We conclude that LPA combined with ppTMS on PPC-M1 differentially alters the excitability of the left and right M1.

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