Molecular and Physiological Bases of the K+ Circulation in the Mammalian Inner Ear

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hibino ◽  
Yoshihisa Kurachi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Extracellular Solution ◽  
Transport Molecules

Endolymph, the extracellular solution in cochlea, contains 150 mM K+ and exhibits a potential of approximately +80 mV relative to neighboring extracellular spaces. This unique situation, essential for hearing, is maintained by K+ circulation from perilymph to endolymph through the cochlear lateral wall. Recent studies have identified ion-transport molecules involved in the K+ circulation and their pathophysiological relevance.

The ear

2021 ◽  
pp. 497-518
Author(s):  
Daniel R. van Gijn ◽  
Jonathan Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Stapes Footplate ◽  
Petrous Temporal Bone

The delicate yet definitive deflections of the pinna (wing/fin) of the external ear contribute to the collection of sound. The external acoustic meatus is responsible for the transmission of sounds to the tympanic membrane, which in turn separates the external ear from the middle ear. The middle ear is an air filled (from the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube), mucous membrane lined space in the petrous temporal bone. It is separated from the inner ear by the medial wall of the tympanic cavity – bridged by the trio of ossicles. The inner ear refers to the bony and membranous labyrinth and their respective contents. The osseus labyrinth lies within the petrous temporal bone. It consists of the cochlea anteriorly, semicircular canals posterosuperiorly and intervening vestibule – the entrance hall to the inner ear whose lateral wall bears the oval window occupied by the stapes footplate.

scholarly journals Potassium Ion Movement in the Inner Ear: Insights from Genetic Disease and Mouse Models

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselm A. Zdebik ◽  
Philine Wangemann ◽  
Thomas J. Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Transport Mechanisms

Sensory transduction in the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth depends on fluid movements that deflect the hair bundles of mechanosensitive hair cells. Mechanosensitive transducer channels at the tip of the hair cell stereocilia allow K+ to flow into cells. This unusual process relies on ionic gradients unique to the inner ear. Linking genes to deafness in humans and mice has been instrumental in identifying the ion transport machinery important for hearing and balance. Morphological analysis is difficult in patients, but mouse models have helped to investigate phenotypes at different developmental time points. This review focuses on cellular ion transport mechanisms in the stria vascularis that generate the major electrochemical gradients for sensory transduction.

Fixation of Soft Tissue Surrounded by Bone with Microwave Irradiation: Electron Microscopic Observation of Guinea Pig Inner Ear

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
Atsuyoshi Tatsumi ◽  
Kensuke Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Perfusion Fixation

When electron microscopy is performed on organs such as the inner ear that cannot be removed immediately after decapitation of animals, it is necessary to fix the target organ or tissue by systemic or regional perfusion fixation. However, such methods of fixation can increase vascular pressure or perilymphatic pressure, making it difficult to perform precise morphological observation of the vascular endothelial cells and membranous labyrinth. We recently attempted fixation of the cochlea by microwave irradiation. Guinea pigs were decapitated. The bullas were then removed from each animal and fixed in a mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde. Microwave (300 W) irradiation was then applied to the specimen for 1 minute. The fixative was immediately replaced with new fixative (4°C). This sequence of manipulations was repeated 10 times, for a cumulative microwave irradiation time of 10 minutes. During the microwave irradiation period, the fixative temperature was kept at about 30°C. After the last round of irradiation, the specimens were kept immersed in the fixative for 1 hour. After a small slit was created in the bone on the lateral wall of the cochlea, the specimens were post-fixed in osmic acid and embedded in Epon 812. Each specimen was cut into halves along the plane containing the modiolus of the cochlea. After the bone on the lateral wall of the cochlea was cut off under a stereoscopic microscope, ultrathin sections were prepared for observation under a transmission electron microscope. With this technique, the stria vascularis and the organ of Corti were fixed to a degree comparable to or better than that achieved with the conventional method of fixation. Fixation with microwave irradiation is relatively simple and can solve the problems associated with perfusion fixation, and thus provides an excellent means of fixation. This technique appears to be particularly promising for fixation for soft tissue surrounded by bone.

scholarly journals The Human “Cochlear Battery” – Claudin-11 Barrier and Ion Transport Proteins in the Lateral Wall of the Cochlea

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Annelies Schrott-Fischer ◽  
Rudolf Glueckert ◽  
Heval Benav ◽  
Helge Rask-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Transport Proteins

8H15 Construction of intercellular ion transport network model of the inner ear

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012.24 (0) ◽  
pp. _8H15-1_-_8H15-2_
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yokoi ◽  
Takuji Koike
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Transport Network

scholarly journals Inner ear pathologies impair sodium-regulated ion transport in Meniere’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H. Eckhard ◽  
MengYu Zhu ◽  
Jennifer T. O’Malley ◽  
Gordon H. Williams ◽  
Johannes Loffing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Meniere’S Disease ◽  
Menière’S Disease ◽  
Meniere's Disease ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Menière's Disease ◽  
Ménière's Disease

scholarly journals Mechanism underlying the formation of the endocochlear potential of the inner ear: its correlation with the K+ transport system through the lateral wall

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Nin ◽  
Takamasa Yoshida ◽  
Shingo Murakami ◽  
Yoshihisa Kurachi ◽  
Hiroshi Hibino
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Endocochlear Potential

Electrical Impedance as a Biomarker for Inner Ear Pathology Following Lateral Wall and Peri-modiolar Cochlear Implantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. e518-e526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanan Shaul ◽  
Christofer W. Bester ◽  
Stefan Weder ◽  
June Choi ◽  
Hayden Eastwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Lateral Wall

Distribution of glycoconjugates in ion transport cells of gerbil inner ear.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sugiyama ◽  
S S Spicer ◽  
P D Munyer ◽  
B A Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Strong Staining ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
The One

Ion transport cells in gerbil inner ear were differentiated histochemically by staining glycoconjugates (GCs) with a battery of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins. Strong staining with PSA and LCA showed a high content of N-linked oligosaccharides in transport cell GCs. Reactivity with PHA-L and PHA-E identified GC with triantennary and with bisected biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides, respectively, in these cells. High affinity for DSA and PWM demonstrated abundant N-acetyl lactosamine in N-linked side chains. Ion transporting epithelial cells reacting with lectins specific for N-linked oligosaccharides included strial marginal cells and outer sulcus cells of the cochlea and dark cells, transitional cells, and planum semilunatum cells of the vestibular system. In general, all of the inner ear transport epithelial cells revealed a similar lectin binding profile, with the one exception that SBA reacted strongly with ion transporting cells in the vestibular system but only weakly with those in the cochlea. Fibrocytes specialized for ion transport located in distinct areas in the suprastrial and inferior regions of the spiral ligament also stained with lectins that demonstrate N-glycosylation. However, transport fibrocytes differed from transport epithelial cells in two ways. First, they reacted e with HPA, DBA, VVA, and SJA specific for O-linkages and second, they failed to react with UEA I. The staining pattern for N-glycosylated GC resembled that for Na+, K(+)-ATPase in inner ear, suggesting a relationship between these constituents.

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