X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of High Z Materials with Mercuric Iodide Room Temperature Detectors

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nissenbaum ◽  
A. Holzer ◽  
M. Roth ◽  
M. Schieber
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Radiation ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMercuric iodide HgI2 room temperature solid state radiation spectrometers having 4% energy resolution at 100 KeV detected the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) of the K shell of intermediate and high Z elements. The excitation of the K shells which emit XRF more energetic than 60 KeV was achieved with 7mCi collimated 57Co and for XRF less energetic than 60 KeV the excitation was done with a 10mCi 241Am source. The K shell XRF spectra of a 1:1 mixture of U and Th, and also of the single elements of Au, Tb, Ba, Ag, Mo, and Rb are shown. The results prove the feasibility of developing mercuric iodide portable XRF spectrometers which operate at room temperature and which have a wide range of geochemical and industrial applications.

Background and Sensitivity Considerations of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis with a Room-Temperature Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
B.C. Clark ◽  
A.J. Dabrowski ◽  
J.S. Iwanczyk ◽  
D.E. Leyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Basic Properties

Continued development of mercuric iodide (HgI2) detectors for x-ray spectroscopy at room-temperature has led to a considerable improvement in energy resolution and a better understanding of the various detector parameters which affect sensitivity. The basic properties of a mercuric iodide detector and some of its characteristics pertinent to x-ray fluorescence analysis have been previously reported (1,2,3). In this paper we present results of studies to determine the shape o£ peaks and continuum background. Also, the use of Hgl2 in characterizing water pollutants by XRF analysis has been investigated and compared to cryogenically cooled Si(Li) and room-temperature proportional counter systems.

The Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter as a Room-Temperature Detector For Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. N. Conde ◽  
L. F. Requicha Ferreira ◽  
A. J. de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractA review of the basic physical principles of the gas proportional scintillation counter is presented. Its performance is discussed and compared with that of other room-temperature detectors in regard to applications to portable instruments for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. It is concluded that the gas proportional scintillation counter is definitely superior to all other room-temperature detectors, except the mercuric iodide (HgI2) detector. For large areas or soft X-rays it is also superior to the HgI2 detector.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis at Room Temperature with an Energy Dispersive Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
A.J. Dabrowski ◽  
G.C. Huth ◽  
J.S. Iwanczyk ◽  
B.C. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cryogenic Cooling ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Entrance Window ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Present Design

We have previously reported on the uniqueness and potential of room-temperature spectrometry of low-energy x-rays with a mercuric iodide (HgI2) detector (1,2,3). In this paper we emphasize the use of HgI2 detectors for x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.Because no vacuum plumbing or cryogenic cooling is required, the design of a mercuric iodide room-temperature x-ray spectrometer is extremely simple. Our present design consists of coupling a detector directly to the first-stage FET in a modified Tennelec 161 D preamplifier and making the configuration “light-tight”. Aside from providing a suitable entrance window, there are no other requirements for routine spectroscopy.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis at Room Temperature with an Energy Dispersive Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer (1)

1980 ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
A. J. Dabrowski ◽  
G. C. Huth ◽  
J. S. Iwanczyk ◽  
B. C. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray

Background and Sensitivity Considerations of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis with a Room-Temperature Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer

1981 ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
B. C. Clark ◽  
A. J. Dabrowski ◽  
J. S. Iwanczyk ◽  
D. E. Leyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray

Continuing Development of Mercuric Iodide X-Ray Spectrometry

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Iwanczyk ◽  
A.J. Dabrowski ◽  
G.C. Huth ◽  
W. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optical Feedback ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resolution Capability

The continuing development in recent years of mercuric iodide room temperature x-ray spectrometers has led to steady improvment in the spectral energy resolution capability of these systems. This has been due largely to the continuing reduction in the electronic noise level of the associated preamplification electronics. It has been demonstrated that a system consisting of a mercuric iodide detector in combination with a pulsed-optical feedback preamplifier provides superior energy resolution performance in x-ray spectrometry in comparison to the other types of preamplification. Previously, results have been reported by us of the energy resolution of such systems with both the detector and input FET of the preamplifier at room temperature and with the input FET cooled by liquid nitrogen and the mercuric iodide x-ray detectors lightly cooled.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Alloy and Stainless Steels Using a Mercuric Iodide Detector*

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Warren C. Kelliher ◽  
W. Gene Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Temperature Detector

Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used extensively for some time now to do accurate and rapid analysis of a variety of samples. Most XRF Systems today use cryogenically cooled Si(Li) detectors to obtain the resolution needed for analysis of samples containing several elements. The need for the cryogenic coolant results in these XRP systems being rather large and not readily adaptable to portable devices. Detectors that require no cooling, or at least require only cooling obtainable by electrical weans, offer a definite advantage over cryogenically cooled detectors for use in portable devices. Mercuric iodide (HgI2) detectors are one type of such room-temperature detectors. The major disadvantage of any room-temperature detector has been the poor eneygy resolution associated with them.

Energy Resolution Measurements of Mercuric Iodide Detectors Using a Cooled Fet Preamplifier

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ames ◽  
William Drummond ◽  
Jan Iwanczyk ◽  
Andrzej Dabrowski
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fano Factor ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe performance of a room temperature mercuric iodide X-ray detector was investigated as a function of detector bias, amplifier time constant, and detector temperature. A Mn Kα line of 200 eV FWHM was obtained by using low noise electronics developed for Si(Li) detectors, including a cooled input PET. Measurements of the detector's resolution at various X-ray energies result in a Fano factor of 0.20.

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