A Second Generation Automated Powder Diffractometer Control System

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Snyder ◽  
Camden R. Hubbard ◽  
Nicolas C. Panagiotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Data File ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Diffractometer ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
File Structure ◽  
Area Data

AbstractThe real-time x-ray powder diffractometer control system AUTO incorporates several advances in data collection and analysis. Counting procedures for selected area data collection are optimized to achieve either a preselected statistical error in minimum time or a minimum error in fixed total time. Run files are employed to greatly simplify quantitative analysis procedures and for controlling repetitive runs. External calibration curves for 20 are used to eliminate all but sample dependent aberrations to peak positions. A generalized data file structure is used to document the instrumental variables and sample parameters.

Practical Materials Microanalysis by Electron Spectrometry

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
David C. Joy ◽  
Dennis M. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Electron Spectrometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectrometry ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) is the study of the inelastic scattering events which an electron undergoes during its passage through a sample. When an analysis of the elemental constituents of the specimen is required the most important inelastic events are the ionizations of inner shells of the atom since these cause discontinuities ("edges") in the EEL spectrum at energies which are charactertistic of the element concerned. A simple electron spectrometer combined with an electron microscope makes it possible to use this information for sensitive elemental identification and localization for all elements above Lithium. The EELS can thus be regarded as an adjunct to the more conventional energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), which is restricted to elements above Magnesium. This paper discusses the necessary parameters of a EEL spectrometer designed for materials microanalysis, its coupling to the microscope and the basic techniques of data collection and analysis.

scholarly journals Scaling up: fulfilling the promise of X-ray microprobe for biogeochemical research

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy M. Toner ◽  
Sarah L. Nicholas ◽  
Jill K. Coleman Wasik
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Environmental context Although biogeochemical processes in the environment are often considered on large spatial scales, critical processes can occur at fine-spatial scales. Quantifying these processes is a challenge, but significant recent developments in microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy in terms of data collection and analysis greatly facilitate micro-scale observations at the sample-level. These mapping methods create datasets that can be integrated with bulk observations with the potential for widespread application to biogeochemical research. Abstract Biogeochemists measure and model fluxes of materials among environmental compartments, often considering large spatial-scales within and among ecosystems. However, critical biogeochemical processes occur at fine-spatial scales, and quantifying these processes is a challenge. Recent developments in microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data collection and analysis allow for micro-scale observations and quantification of chemical species at the sample-level. These speciation mapping methods create datasets that can be integrated with bulk observations through empirical and theoretical modelling. Speciation mapping approaches are possible with existing instrumentation, but the widespread application to biogeochemical research is hindered by the small number of instruments currently available.

Internal Standards for Quantitative X-Ray Phase Analysis: Crystallinity and Solid Solution

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. McCarthy ◽  
R.C. Gehringer ◽  
D.K. Smith ◽  
V.M. Injaian ◽  
D.E. Pfoertsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Computer Controlled

Quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (QTXRD) has been an established tool of analytical chemistry for more than four decades. Despite its age, this tool remains ascendant as the only universally applicable method for determining the manner in which elements are combined into crystalline phases in multiphase solids. QTXRD is entering its second renaissance. The first came with the introduction of the counter diffractometer in the late 1940's. The specimen preparation and data collection processes were exacting and tedious, but reasonably accurate analyses could be obtained. The second came with the introduction of computer controlled diffractometers, whose software packages include QTXRD routines, in the late 1970's. With the tedium of data collection and analysis greatly reduced, we can expect even more widespread adoption of this tool in the general analytical laboratory.

Practical Computing

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Data File ◽  
Applied Anthropology ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Many anthropologists are increasingly interested in bridging the gap between quantitative and qualitative methods. Techniques such as free listing and pile sorts supplement and strengthen traditional forms of data collected through participant observation and ethnographic interviews. Data collection and analysis using a number of these methods has been facilitated by Stephen Borgatti in his ANTHROPAC software package, reviewed here by Gene Shelley. As Dr. Shelley describes, the latest version of ANTHROPAC includes a wide range of options potentially useful in applied anthropology. Experienced ANTHROPAC users will be especially interested to learn about the changes in menus, data file formats, and expanded documentation available with the new release.

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