scholarly journals Covert Face Recognition without Prosopagnosia

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Ellis ◽  
A. W. Young ◽  
G. Koenken
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

An experiment is reported where subjects were presented with familiar or unfamiliar faces for supraliminal durations or for durations individually assessed as being below the threshold for recognition. Their electrodermal responses to each stimulus were measured and the results showed higher peak amplitude skin conductance responses for familiar than for unfamiliar faces, regardless of whether they had been displayed supraliminally or subliminally. A parallel is drawn between elevated skin conductance responses to subliminal stimuli and findings of covert recognition of familiar faces in prosopagnosic patients, some of whom show increased electrodermal activity (EDA) to previously familiar faces. The supraliminal presentation data also served to replicate similar work by Tranel et al (1985). The results are considered alongside other data indicating the relation between non-conscious, “automatic” aspects of normal visual information processing and abilities which can be found to be preserved without awareness after brain injury.

Familiarity of Faces: Sense or Feeling?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bonifacci ◽  
Lorenzo Desideri ◽  
Cristina Ottaviani
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Where does the experience of familiarity come from? Is it the same as sensory perception? Two novel approaches were combined to investigate the highly adaptive process of familiar face recognition: the inclusion of friends and family members as personally familiar faces and measures of eye movements and skin conductance responses (SCR). A sample of 16 university students was asked to look at photographs of 8 personally familiar faces (friends and relatives) and 8 unfamiliar faces. From the analysis of eye movement patterns, a preference for internal features (mouth, eyes, nose) for both familiar and unfamiliar faces emerged and a significant increase in electrodermal activity was found for personally familiar compared to unfamiliar faces. Higher SCR recovery values were found in response to friends. Findings from this exploratory investigation suggest that familiar faces are not looked at in a special way; instead we “feel” a sense of familiarity that comes and goes faster for relatives than for close friends.

Double Dissociation between Overt and Covert Face Recognition

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tranel ◽  
Hanna Damasio ◽  
Antonio R. Damasio
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Some patients with face agnosia (prosopagnosia) caused by occipitotemporal damage produce discriminatory covert responses to the familiar faces that they fail to identify overtly. For example, their average skin conductance responses (SCRs) to familiar faces are significantly larger than average SCRs to unfamiliar faces. In this study we describe the opposite dissociation in four patients with bilateral ventromedial frontal damage: The patients recognized the identity of familiar faces normally, yet failed to generate discriminatory SCRs to those same familiar faces. Taken together, the two sets of results constitute a double dissociation: bilateral occipitotemporal damage impairs recognition but allows SCR discrimination, whereas bilateral ventromedial damage causes the opposite. The findings suggest that the neural systems that process the somatic-based valence of stimuli are separate from and parallel to the neural systems that process the factual, nonsomatic information associated with the same stimuli.

Effects of UCS Intensity and Duration of Exposure of Nonreinforced CS on Conditioned Electrodermal Responses: An Experimental Analysis of the Incubation Theory of Anxiety

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 931-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Chorot ◽  
Bonifacio Sandín
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Conditioning Experiment ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Delay Differential

Eysenck's incubation theory of fear or anxiety was examined in a human Pavlovian conditioning experiment with skin-conductance responses as the dependent variable. The conditioned stimuli (CSs) were fear-relevant slides (snakes and spiders) and the unconditioned stimuli (UCSs) were aversive tones. Different groups of subjects were presented two tone intensities during the acquisition phase and three durations of nonreinforced CS (extinction phase) in a delay differential conditioning paradigm. Resistance to extinction of conditioned skin-conductance responses (conditioned fear responses) exhibited was largest for high intensity of tone and short presentations of the nonreinforced CS (CS + presented alone). The result tends to support Eysenck's incubation theory of anxiety.

scholarly journals Agents' pivotality and reward fairness modulate sense of agency in cooperative joint action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Le Bars ◽  
Alexandre Devaux ◽  
Tena Nevidal ◽  
Valerian Chambon ◽  
Elisabeth Pacherie
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Individual Motor

The sense of agency (SoA) experienced in joint action is an essential subjective dimension of human cooperativeness, but we still know little about the specific factors that contribute to its emergence or alteration. In the present study, dyads of participants were instructed to coordinate their key presses to move a cursor up to a specific target (i.e., to achieve a common goal). We applied random deviations on the cursor’s trajectory to manipulate the motor fluency of the joint action, while the agents’ motor roles were either balanced (i.e., equivalent) or unbalanced (i.e., one agent contributed more than the other), making the agents more or less pivotal to the joint action. Then, the final outcomes were shared equally, fairly (i.e., reflecting individual motor contributions) or arbitrarily in an all-or none fashion, between the co-agents. Self and joint SoA were measured through self-reports about feeling of control (FoC), and electrodermal activity was recorded during the whole motor task. We observed that self and joint FoC were reduced in the case of low motor fluency, pointing out the importance of sensorimotor cues for both I- and we-modes. Moreover, while self FoC was reduced in the low pivotality condition (i.e., low motor role), joint FoC was significantly enhanced when agents’ roles and rewards were symmetrical (i.e. equal). Skin conductance responses to rewards were impacted by the way outcomes were shared between partners (i.e., fairly, equally or arbitrarily) but not by the individual gains, which demonstrates the sensitivity of low-level physiological reactions to external signs of fairness. Skin conductance level was also reduced in the fair context, where rewards were shared according to individual motor contributions, relative to the all-or-none context, which could mirror the feeling of effective responsibility and control over actions’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Knowledge is power: Contingency instruction promotes threat extinction in high intolerance of uncertainty individuals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Morriss ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Conditioned Responding ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

AbstractExtinction-resistant threat is considered to be a central feature of pathological anxiety. Reduced threat extinction is observed in individuals with high intolerance of uncertainty (IU). Here we sought to determine whether contingency instructions could alter the course threat extinction for individuals high in IU. We tested this hypothesis in two identical experiments (Exp 1 n = 60, Exp 2 n = 82) where we recorded electrodermal activity during threat acquisition with partial reinforcement, and extinction. Participants were split into groups based on extinction instructions (instructed, uninstructed) and IU score (low, high). All groups displayed larger skin conductance responses to learned threat versus safety cues during threat acquisition, indicative of threat conditioning. In both experiments, only the uninstructed high IU groups displayed larger skin conductance responses to the learned threat versus safety cue during threat extinction. These findings suggest that uncertain threat during extinction maintains conditioned responding in individuals high in IU.

scholarly journals Pain-Related Fear in Virtual Reality: A New Experimental Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hilger ◽  
Anne-Sophie Häge ◽  
Christina Zedler ◽  
Michael Jost ◽  
Paul Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Background: Pain-related fear is critically involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Empirical research suggests a key role of operant learning mechanism, and first experimental paradigms were developed for their investigation within a controlled laboratory setting. We introduce a new virtual reality paradigm with improved ecological validity. Methods: The paradigm evaluated the effects of heat-pain stimuli applied contingent versus non-contingent with large arm movements in naturalistic virtual sceneries. Self-reported pain-related fear and pain expectancy, avoidance behavior, and electrodermal activity were assessed in 42 subjects during an acquisition phase (movements-pain association) and a modification phase (no movement-pain association). Results: Pain applications contingent to arm movements induced a gradual increase in pain-related fear and pain expectancy ratings. Both were continuously and ultimately reduced when the contingency was removed. Avoidance behavior demonstrated no such pattern; time-resolved post-hoc analyses revealed that changes in the avoidance behavior took place very fast within the first trial only. Skin conductance levels resemble the patterns observed for ratings, while skin conductance responses equal behavioral results. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the involvement of two different learning mechanisms in the acquisition and modification of pain-related fear: While affective and cognitive fear components evolve rather slow and more gradually, avoidance behavior seems to change much faster, both of which were accompanied by corresponding changes in physiological arousal. These results emphasize the importance of avoidance behavior in chronic pain development, maintenance and its therapy. The introduced virtual reality paradigm allows to examine such avoidance behavior in an ecological valid environment.

Verbal, Heart Rate, and Skin Conductance Responses to Sexual Cartoons

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1227-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall E. Sekeres ◽  
William R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Processing Component ◽  
Female Subjects

Verbal, heart rate, and skin conductance responses were measured while 20 male and 20 female subjects viewed antimale and antifemale sexual cartoons. The verbal ratings indicated that males preferred both types of cartoons more than females. However, no differences between heart rate and skin conductance measures were noted between the sexes. Skin conductance indicated that both sexes produced greater response to the antimale than the antifemale cartoons. Also, heart rates decelerated 5 sec. after presentation of the cartoons. Skin conductance seems to reflect a possible emotional reaction to the cartoons, whereas heart rates may reflect an information-processing component.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document