scholarly journals Pilot Date on Swallow Function in Nondysphagic Patients Requiring a Tracheotomy Tube

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brady ◽  
Michele Wesling ◽  
Joseph Donzelli
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Tracheotomy Tube ◽  
Laryngeal Penetration ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Swallow Function

Objective. To evaluate the effects of occlusion status (i.e., open, finger, capped) of the tracheotomy tube and removal of the tracheotomy tube that may have upon bolus flow and durational measurements in nondysphagic persons requiring a tracheotomy tube.Study Design. Prospective, single subject, repeated measure design.Methods. Participants had their swallow evaluated with 5 mL pureed boluses using nasal endoscopy with the tracheotomy tube in place, removed, and under the following occlusion conditions: open, finger, and capped. The order of occlusion condition was randomized.Results. Aspiration was never observed but laryngeal penetration was a common finding. Durational measurements for swallow initiation and duration of white out were not significantly different by occlusion status or after removal of the tracheotomy tube.Conclusion. This study provides corroborating evidence demonstrating the lack of a relationship between a tracheotomy tube and swallowing dysfunction.

S189 – Tracheotomy Tube Occlusion Status and Swallowing Function

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P139-P139
Author(s):  
Joseph J Donzelli ◽  
Susan L Brady ◽  
Scott M Kaszuba ◽  
Michele W Wesling
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Tracheotomy Tube ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Laryngeal Penetration ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Airway Invasion ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Swallow Study ◽  
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study ◽  
Swallow Function

Objectives To compare the effects, if any, various types of tracheotomy occlusion conditions may have upon swallowing during either the videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) or fiberoptic endoscopic exam of the swallow (FEES). Methods Prospective, repeated measure design. Patients underwent randomized order of tracheotomy occlusion conditions (open, finger, one-way valve, capped) during selected swallows. Main outcome measures were the presence or absence of aspiration/laryngeal penetration. Results 39 participants have completed the protocol, 19 males/20 females, mean age of 59.41 years (SD=19.31). 20 underwent the VFSS and 19 underwent FEES. The majority of participants (58.9%, 28/39) were able to safely swallow without any airway invasion under all occlusion conditions. Change in swallow function under 1 or more of the occlusion conditions was present in 25.6% (10/39) of the participants. 4 subjects had increased airway invasion with no occlusion (open), 4 with finger occlusion, and 2 while capped. One subject had less airway invasion with the 1-way valve as compared to the other conditions. One subject aspirated under all occlusion conditions. Conclusions No clear patterns for optimal occlusion condition for swallowing were identified. Results of this study suggest that swallowing disorders in patients with a tracheotomy tube is a multifactiorial problem and several factors may be associated with the swallowing dysfunction. Therefore, patients should be evaluated under various occlusion conditions to determine their specific optimal swallowing condition.

Do re-ensiling time and application of Lactobacillus buchneri alter the characteristics of sugarcane silage?

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
E. F. S. Faria ◽  
T. C. da Silva ◽  
D. dos S. Pina ◽  
E. M. Santos ◽  
M. L. G. M. L. de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of re-ensiling time and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The experiment was set up as a repeated measure design consisting of four air-exposure periods (EP)(0, 6, 12, and 24 h) microbial additive (A) (L. buchneri; or lack of there), with five replicates. Sugarcane was ground through a stationary forage chopper and ensiled in four plastic drums of 200-L capacity. After 210 days of storage, the drums were opened and half of the silage mass was treated with L. buchneri at the concentration of 105 cfu/g of forage. Subsequently, the silages were divided into stacks. The re-ensiling process was started immediately, at 0, 6, 12 and 24-hour intervals, by transferring the material to PVC mini-silos. Silos were opened after 120 days of re-ensiling. The use of L. buchneri reduced butyrate concentration but did not change ethanol or acetic acid concentrations and aerobic stability. An interaction effect between L. buchneri and re-ensiling time was observed for dry matter (DM) losses and composition. Lactobacillus buchneri is not effective in improving aerobic stability in re-ensiled sugarcane silages. However, less DM is lost in silages treated with L. buchneri and exposed to air for 24 h. Re-ensiling sugar cane in up to 24 h of exposure to air does not change final product quality.

Linguistic constraints on children's ability to isolate phonemes in Arabic

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELINOR SAIEGH-HADDAD
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Phoneme Awareness ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Linguistic Constraints

The study tested the effect of three factors on Arab children's (N=256) phoneme isolation: phoneme's linguistic affiliation (standard phonemes vs. spoken phonemes), phoneme position (initial vs. final), and linguistic context (singleton vs. cluster). Two groups of children speaking two different vernaculars were tested. The two vernaculars differed with respect to whether they included four critical Standard Arabic phonemes. Using a repeated-measure design, we tested children's phonemic sensitivity toward these four phonemes versus other phonemes. The results showed that the linguistic affiliation of the phoneme was reliable in explaining phoneme isolation reaffirming, hence the external validity of the linguistic affiliation constraint in explaining phoneme awareness in diglossic Arabic. The results also showed that initial phonemes and initial singleton phonemes were particularly difficult for children to isolate. These findings were discussed in light of a stipulated unique phonological and orthographic cohesion of the consonant–vowel unit in Arabic.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TUJUAN AUDITOR ATAS TINGKAT OVERCONFIDENCE PERTIMBANGAN AUDITOR (STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-255
Author(s):  
Nungki Kartikasari ◽  
Bambang Subroto ◽  
Aulia Fuad Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Measure Design

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai adanya perbedaan tingkat overconfidence pertimbangan auditor ketika auditor bertujuan akurasi, direksional, dan kombinasi. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu bentuk pengujian motivated reasoning theory pada bidang audit. Pengukuran tingkat overconfidence pertimbangan auditor dilakukan menggunakan metode kalibrasi. Metode kalibrasi dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat keyakinan dan keakurasian pertimbangan auditor pada kasus persediaan usang perusahaan. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen laboratorium. Eksperimen laboratorium dilakukan dengan partisipan auditor yang menjadi mahasiswa join program Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah repeated measure design, yaitu dilakukan dengan memberikan perlakuan tujuan akurasi (menghindari adanya risiko hukum dan sanksi), direksional (mempertahankan hubungan baik dengan klien) dan kombinasi (menghindari adanya risiko hukum dan mempertahankan hubungan baik dengan klien) pada masing-masing partisipan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengukur tingkat overconfidence pada masing-masing tujuan. Pengujian statistik non-parametrik yang digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini adalah tes cochran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa auditor melakukan pertimbangan dengan tingkat overconfidence yang tidak berbeda pada ketiga tujuan (akurasi, direksional dan kombinasi). Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya ketidakkonsistenan hasil penelitian dengan motivated reasoning theory.

Phoneme Recognition and Confusions With Multichannel Cochlear Implants

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina T. Välimaa ◽  
Taisto K. Määttä ◽  
Heikki J. Löppönen ◽  
Martti J. Sorri
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Phoneme Recognition ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Vowel Recognition

The aim of this study was to investigate how postlingually severely or profoundly hearing-impaired adults relearn to recognize vowels after receiving multichannel cochlear implants. Vowel recognition of 19 Finnish-speaking subjects was studied for a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 24 months using an open-set nonsense-syllable test in a prospective repeated-measure design. The responses were coded for phoneme errors, and 95% confidence intervals for recognition and confusions were calculated. The average vowel recognition was 68% (95% confidence interval = 66–70%) 6 months after switch-on and 80% (95% confidence interval = 78–82%) 24 months after switch-on. The vowels [æ], [u], [i], [o], and [a] were the easiest to recognize, and the vowels [y], [e], and [ø] were the most difficult. In conclusion, adaptation to electrical hearing using a multichannel cochlear implant was achieved well; but for at least 2 years, given two vowels with either F1 or F2 at roughly the same frequencies, confusions were drawn more towards the closest vowel with the next highest F1 or F2.

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