scholarly journals Biochemical Signatures of Doppel Protein in Human Astrocytomas to Support Prediction in Tumor Malignancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Rognoni ◽  
Laurent R. Chiarelli ◽  
Sergio Comincini ◽  
Alberto Azzalin ◽  
Clelia Miracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Glial Tumor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Biochemical Features ◽  
Testis Tissue

Doppel (Dpl) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein mainly expressed in the testis of adult healthy people. It is generally absent in the central nervous system, but its coding gene sequence is ectopically expressed in astrocytoma specimens and in derived cell lines. In this paper, we investigated the expression and the biochemical features of Dpl in a panel of 49 astrocytoma specimens of different WHO malignancy grades. As a result, Dpl was expressed in the majority of the investigated specimens (86%), also including low grade samples. Importantly, Dpl exhibited different cellular localizations and altered glycan moieties composition, depending on the tumor grade. Most low-grade astrocytomas (83%) showed a membrane-bound Dpl, like human healthy testis tissue, whereas the majority of high-grade astrocytomas (75%) displayed a cytosolic Dpl. Deglycosylation studies with N-glycosidase F and/or neuraminidase highlighted defective glycan moieties and an unexpected loss of sialic acid. To find associations between glial tumor progression and Dpl biochemical features, predictive bioinformatics approaches were produced. In particular, Decision tree and Nomogram analysis showed well-defined Dpl-based criteria that separately clustered low-and high-grade astrocytomas. Taken together, these findings show that in astrocytomas, Dpl undergoes different molecular processes that might constitute additional helpful tools to characterize the glial tumor progression.

scholarly journals The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in adult optic nerve gliomas: a SEER-based analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Lin ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Jinyun Su ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Zhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background: Optic nerve gliomas (ONGs) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system in adults. The aim of this study was to define their characteristics, prognostic factors, and the impacts of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy on outcomes.Methods: Adult patients (age ≥18 years) with ONGs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to analyze the factors associated with survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the impacts of adjuvant therapies on overall survival (OS).Results: A total of 179 adult patients diagnosed with ONGs were identified between 1991 and 2016, with a median follow-up period of 64.0 months. The median age at diagnosis was 41.0 years. After excluding 18 patients with unknown information, the remaining patients included 142 (88.2%) low-grade tumors and 19 (11.8%) high-grade tumors. Multivariate analysis showed age at diagnosis, tumor grade, adjuvant chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. The 5-year OS rates for patients with low- and high-grade ONGs were 85.5% and 10.5%, respectively. The employment of adjuvant RT or chemotherapy would significantly shorten OS time in the low-grade group and could not prolong OS time in the high-grade group.Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective study of adult ONGs up to date. The overall prognosis of high-grade ONGs in adult patients is still poor despite multi-modality treatments. Adjuvant RT or chemotherapy might not be considered in adult patients with low-grade ONGs unless the malignant transformation or aggressive progression has been confirmed.

scholarly journals The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in adult optic nerve gliomas: a SEER-based analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yanlin Huang ◽  
Jinyun Su ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Zhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract PurposeOptic nerve gliomas (ONGs) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system in adults. The aim of this study was to define their characteristics, prognostic factors, and the impacts of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy on outcomes.MethodsAdult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with ONGs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to analyze the factors associated with survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the impacts of adjuvant therapies on overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 179 adult patients diagnosed with ONGs were identified between 1991 and 2016, with a median follow-up period of 64.0 months. The median age at diagnosis was 41.0 years. After excluding 18 patients with unknown information, the remaining patients included 142 (88.2%) low-grade tumors and 19 (11.8%) high-grade tumors. Multivariate analysis showed age at diagnosis, tumor grade, adjuvant chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. The 5-year OS rates for patients with low- and high-grade ONGs were 85.5% and 10.5%, respectively. The employment of adjuvant RT or chemotherapy would significantly shorten OS time in the low-grade group and could not prolong OS time in the high-grade group.ConclusionsThis is the largest retrospective study of adult ONGs up to date. The overall prognosis of high-grade ONGs in adult patients is still poor despite multi-modality treatments. Adjuvant RT or chemotherapy might not be considered in adult patients with low-grade ONGs unless the malignant transformation or aggressive progression has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Optic nerve gliomas in adults: a SEER-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Lin ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Jinyun Su ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Zhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background: Optic nerve gliomas (ONGs) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system in adults. The aim of this study was to define their characteristics, prognostic factors, and the impacts of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy on outcomes.Methods: Adult patients (age ≥18 years) with ONGs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to analyze the factors associated with survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the impacts of adjuvant therapies on overall survival (OS).Results: A total of 179 adult patients diagnosed with ONGs were identified between 1991 and 2016, with a median follow-up period of 64.0 months. The median age at diagnosis was 41.0 years. After excluding 18 patients with unknown information, the remaining patients included 142 (88.2%) low-grade tumors and 19 (11.8%) high-grade tumors. Multivariate analysis showed age at diagnosis, tumor grade, adjuvant chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. The 5-year OS rates for patients with low- and high-grade ONGs were 85.5% and 10.5%, respectively. The employment of adjuvant RT or chemotherapy would significantly shorten OS time in the low-grade group and could not prolong OS time in the high-grade group.Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective study of adult ONGs up to date. The overall prognosis of high-grade ONGs in adult patients is still poor despite multi-modality treatments. Adjuvant RT or chemotherapy might not be considered in adult patients with low-grade ONGs unless the malignant transformation or aggressive progression has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (sCTLA-4) as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis in Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
Xiaoyi Tian ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xixiong Kang ◽  
Wenqi Song
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis

Abstract Background The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is widely considered as a pivotal immune checkpoint molecule to suppress antitumor immunity. However, the significance of soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) remains unclear in the patients with brain glioma. Here we aimed to investigate the significance of serum sCTLA-4 levels as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis in glioma patients. Methods In this study, the levels of sCTLA-4 in serum from 50 patients diagnosed with different grade gliomas including preoperative and postoperative, and 50 healthy individuals were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And then ROC curve analysis and survival analyses were performed to explore the clinical significance of sCTLA-4. Results Serum sCTLA-4 levels were significantly increased in patients with glioma compared to that of healthy individuals, and which was also positively correlated with the tumor grade. ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff value for sCTLA-4 for glioma is 112.1 pg/ml, as well as the sensitivity and specificity with 82.0 and 78.0%, respectively, and a cut-off value of 220.43 pg/ml was best distinguished in patients between low-grade glioma group and high-grade glioma group with sensitivity 73.1% and specificity 79.2%. Survival analysis revealed that the patients with high sCTLA-4 levels (> 189.64 pg/ml) had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those with low sCTLA-4 levels (≤189.64 pg/ml). In the univariate analysis, elder, high-grade tumor, high sCTLA-4 levels and high Ki-67 index were significantly associated with shorter PFS. In the multivariate analysis, sCTLA-4 levels and tumor grade remained an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion These findings indicated that serum sCTLA-4 levels play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of glioma, which might become a valuable predictive biomarker for supplementary diagnosis and evaluation of the progress and prognosis in glioma.

scholarly journals HGG-12. A CASE OF PEDIATRIC SPINAL HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA WITH NTRK1 GENE FUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii346-iii346
Author(s):  
Tamaki Morisako ◽  
Daisuke Umebayashi ◽  
Kazuaki Kamata ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Takumi Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Gene Panel ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Surgical Specimen

Abstract INTRODUCTION Tumors arising from the spinal cord are uncommon, especially high-grade tumors in pediatric patients. We report a case of high-grade glioma in the spinal cord harboring NTRK1 gene fusion, who received effective entrectinib therapy. CASE REPORT: A 5-year-old boy presented right hemiparesis and MR imaging revealed an intramedullary enhancing mass at the vertebral body level between C3 and Th1. He underwent microsurgical partial resection and the histological diagnosis was low-grade astrocytoma. After the first-line chemotherapy with vincristine and carboplatin, his right hemiparesis deteriorated and recurrent MR imaging showed growth of the tumor. He underwent microsurgical partial resection again and the histological examination was high-grade glioma with endothelial proliferation and necrosis. The chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide and focal irradiation of 50.4 Gy were given, and his neurological symptom slightly improved. One month later, he presented respiratory disturbance and required assisted ventilation with tracheostomy. MR imaging showed tumor progression invading upward to medulla oblongata. NTRK1 gene fusion was detected in the previous surgical specimen by a gene panel testing, and he received entrectinib, a potent inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK). Since then, no tumor progression has been demonstrated for several months by MRI and he has been stable neurologically. CONCLUSION High-grade spinal cord tumors are rare and effective treatment strategies have not been addressed. Although the frequency of the gene fusion is very low in pediatric gliomas, identification of the driver gene aberration like in this case by a gene panel can provide potential targeted therapies for selected patients.

Radiotherapy of Intracranial Astrocytomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Scanlon ◽  
William F. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In a review of 417 intracranial astrocytomas treated radiotherapeutically at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1969, the well-known correlation of tumor grade with survival was verified. Totally unexpected was the finding that age was fully as important a discriminant as tumor grade. Another unexpected finding was that patients treated with biopsy only followed by radiation therapy did as well as or slightly better than those subjected to resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy. We could not verify the importance to survival of either large dose or large volume radiotherapy, which has been emphasized by some. Patients receiving less than 1400 rets did just as well as or slightly better than those receiving more than 1400 rets. With low grade astrocytomas, survival beyond 4 years was significantly worse (higher death rates) in the group receiving more than 1400 rets. This suggested the possibility of radiation damage with delayed manifestations. We also could not verify an increased effectiveness for the generally accepted use of total brain irradiation for high grade gliomas.

The nonsurgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A role for active surveillance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 485-485
Author(s):  
Jamil Syed ◽  
Kevin Nguyen ◽  
Juan Javier-Desloges ◽  
Michael Leapman ◽  
Jay D. Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Nonsurgical Management ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Definitive Therapy

485 Background: Approximately 7% of patients with localized upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) are treated without definitive therapy. Understanding outcomes and alternative therapy would aid in counseling older patients with co-morbidities. Methods: We utilized the National Cancer Database to identify patients with localized UTUC managed non-surgically between 2004 and 2013. Patient demographics, co-morbidity, tumor grade, and chemotherapy and radiation utilization were recorded. Survival analyses were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method and a cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: We identified 3,157 (10.9%) patients with localized UTUC who did not receive definitive surgery. Median age was 79 years, 55% were males, 79% had government health insurance, and 68% had a CDS of 0. Tumor grade was low (grade 1 or 2) in 632 (36.4%) and high (grade 3 or 4) in 1104 (63.6%). Median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was 2.2 years, significantly shorter for patients with greater co-morbidities. Chemotherapy or radiation was performed in 294 (9.3%) and 197 (6.3%) patients respectively. There were no OS differences for individuals receiving chemotherapy. Of patients who received radiation therapy, the median OS was 1.4 vs 2.0 years, (p<0.001) favoring no radiation. Those with high grade tumors had worse survival (1.9 vs 3.8 years (p<0.001). Significant predictors of shorter OS included older age, male gender, higher CDS, and government insurance. Conclusions: In this population-based cohort, 10.9% of patients with localized UTUC were managed non-surgically. Radiation and chemotherapy were not routinely utilized, and did not demonstrate improved survival. Median OS was significantly shorter for those with higher grade disease, increasing co-morbidity profile, male gender, and those with government insurance status.

scholarly journals Distinct imaging patterns of pseudoprogression in glioma patients following proton versus photon radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Ritterbusch ◽  
Lia M. Halasz ◽  
Jerome J. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Purpose Criteria by the Radiologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group outline the diagnosis of pseudoprogression (Ps) after photon therapy for gliomas based on timing and location. We noted that patients receiving proton therapy manifested radiographic changes that appear different than Ps after photon therapy, which could be interpreted as tumor progression. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed MR imaging after proton or photon radiation for gliomas. We propose criteria to characterize proton pseudoprogression (ProPs) as distinct from Ps seen after photons. Methods Post-treatment MR imaging, clinical and pathological data of low grade glioma patients were reviewed. Overall, 57 patients receiving protons were reviewed for the presence of ProPs, and 43 patients receiving photons were reviewed for any equivalent imaging changes. Data collected included the location and timing of the new enhancement, tumor grade, molecular subtype, chemotherapy received, and clinical symptoms. Results Fourteen patients (24.6%) had new enhancement following radiation therapy that was unique to treatment with protons. The mean time to development of the ProPs was 15.4 months (7–27 months). We established the following criteria to characterize ProPs: located at the distal end of the proton beam; resolves without tumor-directed therapy; and subjectively multifocal, patchy, and small (< 1 cm). In the group receiving photons, none had changes that met our criteria for ProPs. Conclusion Patients who receive protons have unique imaging changes after radiation therapy. ProPs could be mistaken for tumor progression, but typically resolves on follow up. Further studies are needed to understand the radiobiology and pathophysiology underlying these imaging changes.

scholarly journals Classification and Treatment of Pediatric Gliomas in the Molecular Era

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Peter Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Leading Role

The overall survival of pediatric gliomas varies over a wide spectrum depending on the tumor grade. Low-grade gliomas have an excellent long-term survival, with a possible burden of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy; in contrast, high-grade gliomas generally have a short-term, devastating lethal outcome. Recent advances in understanding their molecular background will transform the classification and therapeutic approaches of pediatric gliomas. Molecularly targeted treatments may acquire a leading role in the primary treatment of low-grade gliomas and may provide alternative therapeutic strategies for high-grade glioma cases in the attempt to avoid the highly unsuccessful conventional therapeutic approaches. This review aims to overview this progress.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Allergy and Blood Eosinophils Percent Could Be Prognostic Indicators of Glioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Cao ◽  
Zhanghua Lv ◽  
Weiliang Wang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Antibiotic Allergy ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

Abstract Background: Antibiotic allergy and blood eosinophil percentage (EOS%) may play an important role in the prognosis of gliomas, but few studies reported the relationship between antibiotic allergy and glioma as well as EOS% and glioma. The aim of our study was to estimate the relationships between antibiotic allergy, blood eosinophil percentage (EOS%) and glioma prognosis and to conduct a nomogram model for glioma patients. Estimating the effect of antibiotic allergy and EOS% on glioma prognosis may conduce to finding low-cost and safe prognostic indicators of glioma.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 656 glioma patients to estimate the associations between antibiotic allergy, EOS% and glioma prognosis by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Stratified analyses were performed according to tumor grade. We constructed a nomogram with age at diagnosis, gender, tumor grade, antibiotic allergy, EOS% to predict the survival probabilities of glioma. Results: During 12 months follow-up, a total of 227 patients were alive and 318 patients died. Antibiotic allergy and EOS% >1.65 conferred a survival advantage on glioma patients. In the stratified analysis by tumor grade, antibiotic allergy was significantly associated with the prognosis of the prognosis of low-grade gliomas (HR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.13-0.97) and high-grade gliomas (HR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36-0.93) in the univariate Cox regression analysis. However, after adjusting for confounding factors in the multivariate Cox regression analysis, antibiotic allergy was only significantly associated with high-grade gliomas (HRadj = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.30-0.82); the relationship between EOS% and glioma prognosis was restricted to low-grade gliomas (HRadj = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.30-0.82). The C-index of nomogram was 0.74.Conclusions: Antibiotic allergy was a protective prognosis factor of high-grade gliomas, EOS% >1.65 was a protective prognosis factor of low-grade gliomas. The nomogram with antibiotic allergy and EOS% could effectively predict the survival probability of glioma.

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