scholarly journals The Vascular Microenvironment and Systemic Sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Frech ◽  
Nathan Hatton ◽  
Boaz Markewitz ◽  
Mary Beth Scholand ◽  
Richard Cawthon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Vascular Cell Senescence

The role of the vascular microenvironment in the pathogenesis Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is appreciated clinically as Raynaud's syndrome with capillary nail bed change. This manifestation of vasculopathy is used diagnostically in both limited and diffuse cutaneous subsets of SSc, and is thought to precede fibrosis. The degree of subsequent fibrosis may also be determined by the vascular microenvironment. This paper describes why the vascular microenvironment might determine the degree of end-organ damage that occurs in SSc, with a focus on vascular cell senescence, endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) including multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), pericytes, and angiogenic monocytes. An explanation of the role of EPC, pericytes, and angiogenic monocytes is important to an understanding of SSc pathogenesis. An evolving understanding of the vascular microenvironment in SSc may allow directed treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in Modulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Calcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chou Hou ◽  
Chien-Lin Lu ◽  
Cai-Mei Zheng ◽  
Wen-Chih Liu ◽  
Tzung-Hai Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor

Vascular calcification, which involves the deposition of calcifying particles within the arterial wall, is mediated by atherosclerosis, vascular smooth muscle cell osteoblastic changes, adventitial mesenchymal stem cell osteoblastic differentiation, and insufficiency of the calcification inhibitors. Recent observations implied a role for mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in vascular calcification. Mesenchymal stem cells reside in the bone marrow and the adventitial layer of arteries. Endothelial progenitor cells that originate from the bone marrow are an important mechanism for repairing injured endothelial cells. Mesenchymal stem cells may differentiate osteogenically by inflammation or by specific stimuli, which can activate calcification. However, the bioactive substances secreted from mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to mitigate vascular calcification by suppressing inflammation, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and the Wingless-INT signal. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to vascular calcification. Vitamin D supplement has been used to modulate the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and to lessen vascular injury by stimulating adhesion and migration of endothelial progenitor cells. This narrative review clarifies the role of mesenchymal stem cells and the possible role of vitamin D in the mechanisms of vascular calcification.

Dual role of parathyroid hormone in endothelial progenitor cells and marrow stromal mesenchymal stem cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Bernardo ◽  
Umberto Galderisi ◽  
Carmela Fiorito ◽  
Tiziana Squillaro ◽  
Letizia Cito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor

scholarly journals The Role of Nitric Oxide in Stem/Progenitor Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Immune System Diseases ◽  
Function Mechanism

The research on nitric Oxide (NO) and stem cells are the focus in recent years. However, seldom do people conclude the function, mechanism and clinical value of NO in various stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present review, we evaluate the recent studies on NO in different stem cells and display the latest progresses of NO therapy for tumor, cardiovascular, neurologic and immune system diseases by stem cells.

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