scholarly journals Echinococcus multilocularisand Its Intermediate Host: A Model of Parasite-Host Interplay

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Angèle Vuitton ◽  
Bruno Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Mouse Model ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Host Parasite

Host-parasite interactions in theE. multilocularis-intermediate host model depend on a subtle balance between cellular immunity, which is responsible for host's resistance towards the metacestode, the larval stage of the parasite, and tolerance induction and maintenance. The pathological features of alveolar echinococcosis. the disease caused byE. multilocularis, are related both to parasitic growth and to host's immune response, leading to fibrosis and necrosis, The disease spectrum is clearly dependent on the genetic background of the host as well as on acquired disturbances of Th1-related immunity. The laminated layer of the metacestode, and especially its carbohydrate components, plays a major role in tolerance induction. Th2-type and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as nitric oxide, are involved in the maintenance of tolerance and partial inhibition of cytotoxic mechanisms. Results of studies in the experimental mouse model and in patients suggest that immune modulation with cytokines, such as interferon-α, or with specific antigens could be used in the future to treat patients with alveolar echinococcosis and/or to prevent this very severe parasitic disease.

Studies of the relationships between Schistosoma nasale and S. spindale and their snail host Indoplanorbis exustus

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Bont ◽  
J. Vercruysse ◽  
D. van Aken ◽  
V. R. Southgate ◽  
D. Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Cercarial Production ◽  
Indoplanorbis Exustus ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Opposite Tendency

ABSTRACTInfectivity and cercarial production of Indoplanorbis exustus related to variation of miracidial dose (1, 4, 10 or 20) with Schistosoma nasale and S. spindale from Sri Lanka were studied. The intermediate host-parasite relationships of the two schistosome species showed marked differences under the conditions of observation recorded in this study. Prepatent death rates (PDR) were on average higher for S. spindale (30%) than for S. nasale (10%). The size of the miracidial dose to which snails had been exposed had no effect on PDR. The infection rates (IR) were on average higher for S. nasale (41%) compared with S. spindale (27%). Highest IR occurred after exposure to 4 miracidia in S. nasale infections (79%) and after exposure to 10 miracidia in S. spindale infections (6O%). The highest daily average cercarial production per snail was recorded for S. nasale at a level of 4 miracidia (1311), and for S. spindale at a level of 10 miracidia (1615). At low level (1 or 4 miracidia) of exposure, I. exustus showed a better compatibility with S. nasale than with S. spindale. An opposite tendency was observed at higher levels (10 or 20 miracidia) of exposure. Unsuccessful infections of Lymnaea luteola with either S. nasale or S. spindale indicate that this species is not involved in transmission.

scholarly journals Establishment of an Experimental Mouse Model of Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Tang ◽  
Xue-Feng Xia ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Bing-Feng Huang ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Experimental Mouse Model ◽  
Experimental Mouse

scholarly journals Stampidine prevents mortality in an experimental mouse model of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by lassa virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih M Uckun ◽  
Alexander S Petkevich ◽  
Alexei O Vassilev ◽  
Heather E Tibbles ◽  
Leonid Titov
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Experimental Mouse Model ◽  
Experimental Mouse

Localized Administration of Doxycycline Suppresses Aortic Dilatation in an Experimental Mouse Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel A. Bartoli ◽  
Federico E. Parodi ◽  
Jack Chu ◽  
Monica B. Pagano ◽  
Dongli Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Experimental Mouse Model ◽  
Experimental Mouse

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritopa Das ◽  
Sofia Langou ◽  
Thinh T. Le ◽  
Pooja Prasad ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
High Doses ◽  
T Cell Transfer ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Stimulation Of

Immunotherapy is becoming a very common treatment for cancer, using approaches like checkpoint inhibition, T cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccination. However, these approaches involve high doses of immune therapeutics with problematic side effects. A promising approach to reducing the dose of immunotherapeutic agents given to a cancer patient is to combine it with electrical stimulation, which can act in two ways; it can either modulate the immune system to produce the immune cytokines and agents in the patient’s body or it can increase the cellular uptake of these immune agents via electroporation. Electrical stimulation in form of direct current has been shown to reduce tumor sizes in immune-competent mice while having no effect on tumor sizes in immune-deficient mice. Several studies have used nano-pulsed electrical stimulations to activate the immune system and drive it against tumor cells. This approach has been utilized for different types of cancers, like fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, human papillomavirus etc. Another common approach is to combine electrochemotherapy with immune modulation, either by inducing immunogenic cell death or injecting immunostimulants that increase the effectiveness of the treatments. Several therapies utilize electroporation to deliver immunostimulants (like genes encoded with cytokine producing sequences, cancer specific antigens or fragments of anti-tumor toxins) more effectively. Lastly, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can trigger production and activation of anti-tumor immune cells and immune reactions. Hence, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the immune system in different ways can be a promising approach to treat cancer.

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