scholarly journals Numerical Simulations for a Typical Train Fire in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
K. C. Lam ◽  
N. K. Fong ◽  
S. S. Li ◽  
Y. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Subway Stations

Railway is the key transport means in China including the Mainland, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Consequent to so many big arson and accidental fires in the public transport systems including trains and buses, fire safety in passenger trains is a concern. Numerical simulations with Computational Fluid Dynamics on identified fire scenarios with typical train compartments in China will be reported in this paper. The heat release rate of the first ignited item was taken as the input parameter. The mass lost rate of fuel vapor of other combustibles was estimated to predict the resultant heat release rates by the combustion models in the software. Results on air flow, velocity vectors, temperature distribution, smoke layer height, and smoke spread patterns inside the train compartment were analyzed. The results are useful for working out appropriate fire safety measures for train vehicles and determining the design fire for subway stations and railway tunnels.

The Influence of Fire Scenarios on the Structural Behaviour of Composite Steel-Concrete Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio Nigro ◽  
Anna Ferraro ◽  
Giuseppe Cefarelli
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Concrete Buildings ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Composite Steel

Fire Safety Engineering can be defined as a multi-discipline based on the application of scientific and engineering principles to the effects of fire in order to reduce the loss of life and damage to property by quantifying the risks and hazards involved and provide an optimal solution to risk mitigation. The correct identification of fire scenarios is the central stage in the process of the structural fire design. A design fire scenario is the description of the spread of a particular fire with respect to time and space. In the process of identification of design fire scenarios for the structural fire safety check, all fires must be assessed realistically, choosing those most severe for the structural response. This paper is devoted to evaluate the influence of fire scenarios on the structural behaviour of composite steel-concrete buildings. In order to that, an office building subjected to different fire scenarios was considered. In particular the fire scenarios were defined by both standard fire (prescriptive approach) and natural fire (performance approach). Finally, a comparison between the prescriptive approach and the FSE approach is presented.

Fire Safety Engineering for Open and Closed Car Parks: C.A.S.E. Project for L’Aquila

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio Nigro ◽  
Giuseppe Cefarelli ◽  
Anna Ferraro ◽  
Gaetano Manfredi ◽  
Edoardo Cosenza
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Fire Safety Engineering ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Definition Of

The Fire Safety Engineering (FSE) is a multi-discipline aimed to define the fire safety strategy for buildings under fire conditions, in which structural stability and control of fire spread are achieved by providing active and/or passive fire protection. In this paper, the aspects of FSE for the structural safety checks in case of fire are shown with reference to Italian and European standards. FSE requires the choice of a performance level, the definition of design fire scenarios, the choice of heat flows models and several numerical thermo-mechanical analyses. The information provided by a significant research, performed in Europe for open and closed car parks, are used to apply the FSE to the car parks of the new buildings of the C.A.S.E. Project for L’Aquila, characterized by steel columns supporting the seismically isolated superstructure. The results of the application of the FSE approach are reported and discussed in the second part of the paper.

Alternative Design Methodology for the Fire Safety of Composite Superstructures

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Breuillard ◽  
Philippe Corrignan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Alternative Design ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Composite Designs ◽  
Risk Assessment Methodology

This paper focuses on a risk assessment methodology developed to help define the design fire scenarios for ship structures including composites in the framework of IMO MSC/Circ. 1002. The methodology is applicable to any kind of composite material used for structural division in large composite designs.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Effect of Platform Height on Smoke Characteristics of Fire Scenarios for Subway Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10584
Author(s):  
Desheng Xu ◽  
Yanfeng Li ◽  
Junmei Li ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Ceiling Height ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Safety Evacuation

In this study, three full-scale experiments and a series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of subway platform height and atrium ceiling height of subway stations on smoke control by mechanical exhausting systems. The smoke temperature variation with time, maximum temperature distribution, and smoke stratification were discussed. Results showed that the atrium had capacity to store smoke, especially at the early stage of smoke spread. However, the efficiency of smoke extraction did not increase simply with the rise in platform height and atrium ceiling height, and favorable smoke exhaust velocity was crucial for smoke elimination. The optimal smoke exhaust velocity was studied by numerical simulation and it was found that the area of smoke diffusion in subway stations with a higher platform was significantly smaller under the optimal smoke exhaust velocity. In addition, a prediction model of optimal smoke exhaust velocity with subway platform height was proposed. This study could provide on-site data and smoke spread characteristics for smoke control design, operation, and, significantly, guide safety evacuation of the exhaust system of subway stations.

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