scholarly journals Can Basic Risk Research Help in the Prevention of Childhood and Adolescent Depression? Examining a Cognitive and Emotional Regulation Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Rice ◽  
Adhip Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Processes And Reactions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This paper aims to highlight ways in which basic research findings in the field of childhood and adolescent depression can help to inform and refine preventive intervention efforts. We selectively review basic research evidence from community, clinical, and high-risk populations that identifies cognitive mechanisms (thought processes and reactions to negative affect) and emotional regulation as key processes involved in the onset and maintenance of depression. We focus on cognitive and emotional mechanisms in order to allow comparability with the majority of current preventive interventions. A range of basic research strategies and studies are then suggested that could be employed to help the development and refinement of prevention strategies. These include the need for prospective longitudinal studies to identify causal risk and protective factors, an integration of research approaches and methods, and a focus on understanding potential aetiological heterogeneity between childhood and adolescent depression.

scholarly journals Child Witness Expressions of Certainty are Informative

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Winsor ◽  
Heather D Flowe ◽  
Travis Morgan Seale-Carlisle ◽  
Isabella Killeen ◽  
Danielle Hett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Witness Literature ◽  
Police Lineup ◽  
Accuracy Relationship

Children are frequently witnesses of crime. In the witness literature and legal systems, children are often deemed to have unreliable memories. Yet, in the basic developmental literature, young children can monitor their memory. To address these contradictory conclusions, we reanalysed the confidence-accuracy relationship in basic and applied research. Confidence provided considerable information about memory accuracy, from at least age 8, but possibly younger. We also conducted an experiment where children in young- (4–6 years), middle- (7–9 years), and late- (10–17 years) childhood (N=2,205) watched a person in a video, and then identified that person from a police lineup. Children provided a confidence rating (an explicit judgement), and used an interactive lineup—in which the lineup faces can be rotated—and we analyzed children’s viewing behavior (an implicit measure of metacognition). A strong confidence-accuracy relationship was observed from age 10, and an emerging relationship from age 7. A constant likelihood ratio signal-detection model can be used to understand these findings. Moreover, in all ages, interactive viewing behavior differed in children who made correct versus incorrect suspect identifications. Our research reconciles the apparent divide between applied and basic research findings and suggests that the fundamental architecture of metacognition that has previously been evidenced in basic list-learning paradigms also underlies performance on complex applied tasks. Contrary to what is believed by legal practitioners, but similar to what has been found in the basic literature, identifications made by children can be reliable when appropriate metacognitive measures are used to estimate accuracy.

scholarly journals The Role of Painting Activity as an Emotional Regulation in Children with Asperger Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 666-672
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic

Children with Asperger syndrome still need to be adjusted, in regulating their emotion, to their enjoyment in an activity that will be their emotional allocation. Art is able to improve their self-ability, to strengthen their self-confidence, and also to re-shape lack of knowledge about their own identity. This is because activity of art becomes a collection of inspiration, the aspect of imagination that is closely related to the aesthetic experience. This was a qualitative research as a study intended to understand the phenomenon of something that is experienced by the subject of research. For example: behaviour, perception, motivation, and action in holistic way and described in form of words and language, in a specific-natural context and by utilizing various methods. The research findings show that ability of emotional regulation is the ability of the subject in receiving and understanding a command, and then in minimizing tantrum, so that the subject is able to achieve a treatment therapy; including the subject's ability to identify and draw an object or other objects around them, to recognize some painting tools and to answer questions orally or in writing through the image media. The therapy can be packaged through art education based on painting activity which is the advantage of an area itself. Schools present learning programs that also support character education and the creative potential of the children, so that they can live independently later.

scholarly journals An internet-based adolescent depression preventive intervention: study protocol for a randomized control trial

Trials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy G Gladstone ◽  
Monika Marko-Holguin ◽  
Phyllis Rothberg ◽  
Jennifer Nidetz ◽  
Anne Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Protocol ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Randomized Control

scholarly journals Developmental mechanisms in the prodrome to psychosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1585-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine F. Walker ◽  
Hanan D. Trotman ◽  
Sandra M. Goulding ◽  
Carrie W. Holtzman ◽  
Arthur T. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Postnatal Stress ◽  
Adolescent Brain Development

AbstractPsychotic disorders continue to be among the most disabling and scientifically challenging of all mental illnesses. Accumulating research findings suggest that the etiologic processes underlying the development of these disorders are more complex than had previously been assumed. At the same time, this complexity has revealed a wider range of potential options for preventive intervention, both psychosocial and biological. In part, these opportunities result from our increased understanding of the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms involved in the disease process, as well as the evidence that many of these entail processes that are malleable. In this article, we review the burgeoning research literature on the prodrome to psychosis, based on studies of individuals who meet clinical high risk criteria. This literature has examined a range of factors, including cognitive, genetic, psychosocial, and neurobiological. We then turn to a discussion of some contemporary models of the etiology of psychosis that emphasize the prodromal period. These models encompass the origins of vulnerability in fetal development, as well as postnatal stress, the immune response, and neuromaturational processes in adolescent brain development that appear to go awry during the prodrome to psychosis. Then, informed by these neurodevelopmental models of etiology, we turn to the application of new research paradigms that will address critical issues in future investigations. It is expected that these studies will play a major role in setting the stage for clinical trials aimed at preventive intervention.

Developing an Integration Framework for Crowdsourcing and Internet of Things With Applications for Disaster Response

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Rameshwar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Research Findings

The crowdsourcing and Internet of Things (IoT) have played a significant role in revolutionizing the information age. In response to pressing need, we have attempted to develop a theoretical framework which can help disaster relief workers to improve their coordination using valuable information derived using comprehensive crowdsourcing framework. In this study we have used two-prong research strategies. First we have conducted extensive review of articles published in reputable journals, magazines and blogs by eminent practitioners and policy makers followed by case studies: stampede in Godavari River at Rajahmundry (2015), earthquake in Nepal (2015), flood in Uttarakhand (2013). Finally we have concluded our research findings with further research directions.

scholarly journals Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mlost ◽  
Marta Bryk ◽  
Katarzyna Starowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cannabis has a long history of medical use. Although there are many cannabinoids present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two components found in the highest concentrations. CBD itself does not produce typical behavioral cannabimimetic effects and was thought not to be responsible for psychotropic effects of cannabis. Numerous anecdotal findings testify to the therapeutic effects of CBD, which in some cases were further supported by research findings. However, data regarding CBD’s mechanism of action and therapeutic potential are abundant and omnifarious. Therefore, we review the basic research regarding molecular mechanism of CBD’s action with particular focus on its analgesic potential. Moreover, this article describes the detailed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in various models, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, osteoarthritis and others. The dose and route of the administration-dependent effect of CBD, on the reduction in pain, hyperalgesia or allodynia, as well as the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, were described depending on the disease model. The clinical applications of CBD-containing drugs are also mentioned. The data presented herein unravel what is known about CBD’s pharmacodynamics and analgesic effects to provide the reader with current state-of-art knowledge regarding CBD’s action and future perspectives for research.

scholarly journals Commentary on the study of Roy et al. Amygdala Based Altered mir-128-3p in Conferring Susceptibility to Depression-like Behavior via Wnt Signalling

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-180
Author(s):  
Gianluca Serafini ◽  
Alice Trabucco ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Andrea Aguglia ◽  
Mario Amore
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract The study of Roy and colleagues recently accepted for publication in International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology is a very interesting report investigating the role of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in vulnerability or resistance to major depressive disorder in a specific brain region (e.g., amygdala). MiRNAs may act as a mega-controller of gene expression being involved in the pathogenesis of major neuropsychiatric conditions. Interestingly, some of the altered miRNAs (e.g., hsa-miR-425-3p, miR-425, miR-674-3p, and miR-873-3p) identified in this study were found to be dysregulated even in existing studies, but several methodological issues may hamper the translation of basic research findings in clinical studies. MiRNAs are proposed as possible biomarkers of disease and treatment response to disentangle the biological complexity underlying major affective disorders. The main implications regarding the present findings are discussed.

Time Up for Phishing with Effective Anti-Phishing Research Strategies

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Chaudhary ◽  
Eleni Berki ◽  
Linfeng Li ◽  
Juri Valtanen
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Research Strategies

Public awareness is a significant factor in the battle against online identity theft (phishing). Advancing public readiness can be a strategic protection mechanism for citizens' vulnerability and privacy. Further, an effective research strategy against phishing is the combination of increased social awareness with software quality and social computing. The latter will decrease phishing victims and will improve information systems quality. First, the authors discuss recent research results on software quality criteria used for the design of anti-phishing technologies. Second, it is argued that the dynamics of social surroundings affect citizens' trust and can compromise social security. Third, the authors outline basic research needs and strategic steps to be taken for timely citizens' protection. Last, the authors propose strategic research directions for improving information systems total quality management through international collaborative research and by focusing on: i) increasing social awareness; ii) predicting information phishing attempts; iii) adopting social computing approaches.

Cognition, competence, and coping in child and adolescent depression: Research findings, developmental concerns, therapeutic implications

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Weisz ◽  
Karen D. Rudolph ◽  
Douglas A. Granger ◽  
Lynne Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Depressed Children

AbstractFindings of the few psychotherapy outcome studies with depressed children and adolescents raise questions about whether or not treatments are sufficiently sensitive to developmental factors. Here we review the outcome data, then survey potentially relevant research on the cognitions, competencies, and coping behavior of depressed youngsters. Much of the work in each domain is both procedurally and theoretically adevelopmental, and the psychotherapy research does not appear to be well informed by research in the other domains. To help remedy this situation, for each domain we suggest key developmental questions that need to be answered, and we discuss implications for psychotherapy. We also propose a three-way partnership involving basic developmental research linked with research on relations between depression and various cognitive and behavioral processes, with both lines of inquiry informing the development and refinement of interventions.

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