scholarly journals Pheromone Production, Attraction, and Interspecific Inhibition among Four Species ofIpsBark Beetles in the Southeastern USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Birgersson ◽  
Mark J. Dalusky ◽  
Karl E. Espelie ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Trap Catches

Hindgut volatiles from attacking, unmated males ofIps avulsus, I. calligraphus, I. grandicollis, andI. piniwere analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Based on the quantitative identifications of hindguts and subsequent individual aerations, baits were formulated and a combined species-specific subtractive field bioassay was set up for the four bark beetle species. The bioassays were subtractive for the compounds identified in the hindgut analysis of each species, and volatiles identified in sympatric species were added as potential inhibitors alone and in combination. The trap catches from this bioassay revealed strong interspecific inhibition. The subtractive assays showed thatI. grandicollisandI. calligraphusshare (–)-(4S)-cis-verbenol as one pheromone component, while their second, synergistic pheromone component, (–)-(S)-ipsenol inI. grandicollisand (±)-ipsdienol inI. calligraphus, acts as an interspecific inhibitor to the other species.I. avulsusandI. piniwere found to have very similar production of hindgut volatiles, and both use ipsdienol and lanierone as synergistic pheromone components. No beetle-produced interspecific inhibitor was identified between these two species. Lanierone was found to be an interspecific inhibitor for bothI. calligraphusandI. grandicollis.

scholarly journals Sex Pheromones ofStenotus rubrovittatusandTrigonotylus caelestialium, Two Mirid Bugs Causing Pecky Rice, and Their Application to Insect Monitoring in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yasuda ◽  
Hiroya Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Hexyl Butyrate ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Insect Monitoring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Trigonotylus Caelestialium

Two mirid bugs,Stenotus rubrovittatusandTrigonotylus caelestialium(Heteroptera: Miridae), are important pests that infest rice crops in many regions of Japan. Males of each species were attracted to traps baited with conspecific, unmated females. Hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal were identified as possible female-produced sex pheromone components forS. rubrovittatus, whereas hexyl hexanoate, (E)-2-hexenyl hexanoate, and octyl butyrate were found to be sex pheromone components forT. caelestialium. Pheromone doses and ratios were optimized for attraction of males of each species. Sticky traps set up close to or below the top of the plant canopy were optimal for monitoring these species, and trap catches were almost constant when traps were placed 7 or more meters in from the edge of a paddy field. Mixed lures, in which the six compounds from both species were loaded onto a single septum, or separate lures for each species, deployed in a single trap, were equally effective for monitoring both species simultaneously.

IDENTIFICATION OF AN AGGREGATION PHEROMONE FOR PITYOGENES HOPKINSI (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Birgersson ◽  
M.J. Dalusky ◽  
C.W. Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Attack Phase ◽  
Pheromone Blend

AbstractThe aggregation pheromone of Pityogenes hopkinsi Swaine was identified; it is a three-component mixture, comprising chalcogran, cis-verbenol, and ethyl dodecanoate. Ethyl dodecanoate is new as a bark beetle pheromone component. Chemical analyses (GC–MS) were made on hindgut extracts from unmated and mated males and mated females collected in the field during colonization of Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae). Aerations from the naturally colonized logs were also analyzed to quantify the released amounts of the pheromone components, a necessary preliminary step to making up biologically relevant doses for field bioassay. Beetles reared from infested host material in the laboratory were introduced into logs of P. strobus, and the production and release of pheromone components in relation to attack phase and "mating status" were described. In general, unmated males increased their production of chalcogran and ethyl dodecanoate until females were admitted, after which production ceased. A field subtractive bioassay showed that chalcogran was the key pheromone component, synergized by different compounds for the two sexes. Females exhibited their strongest response to a mixture of chalcogran and ethyl dodecanoate, whereas cis-verbenol was the synergist for male response. Male-produced 1-hexanol had an inhibitory effect on male attraction to the aggregation-pheromone blend.

THE USE OF MONOTERPENES AS KAIROMONES BY IPS LATIDENS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Miller ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ips Latidens ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe responses of Ips latidens (LeConte) to multiple-funnel traps baited with various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in British Columbia. β-Phellandrene was attractive to I. latidens in the absence of the pheromone ipsenol. β-Phellandrene increased the attraction of I. latidens to ipsenol-baited traps while α-pinene, 3-carene, terpinolene, and myrcene reduced trap catches. Differential responses by males and females to sources of ipsenol with or without β-phellandrene suggest that the information conveyed to males differs from that conveyed to females. Species-specific responses to monoterpenes by I. latidens and three sympatric species of scolytids suggest that unique combinations of kairomones could be important in facilitating matings with conspecifics. Pheromones need not be the sole constituent of species-specific chemical messages.

Coincident Stimulation With Pheromone Components Improves Temporal Pattern Resolution in Central Olfactory Neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Christensen ◽  
John G. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Pattern Resolution

Christensen, Thomas A. and John G. Hildebrand. Coincident stimulation with pheromone components improves temporal pattern resolution in central olfactory neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 775–781, 1997. Male moths must detect and resolve temporal discontinuities in the sex pheromonal odor signal emitted by a conspecific female moth to orient to and locate the odor source. We asked how sensory information about two key components of the pheromone influences the ability of certain sexually dimorphic projection (output) neurons in the primary olfactory center of the male moth's brain to encode the frequency and duration of discrete pulses of pheromone blends. Most of the male-specific projection neurons examined gave mixed postsynaptic responses, consisting of an early suppressive phase followed by activation of firing, to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with a blend of the two behaviorally essential pheromone components. Of 39 neurons tested, 33 were excited by the principal (most abundant) pheromone component but inhibited by another, less abundant but nevertheless essential component of the blend. We tested the ability of each neuron to encode intermittent pheromonal stimuli by delivering trains of 50-ms pulses of the two-component blend at progressively higher rates from 1 to 10 per second. There was a strong correlation between 1) the amplitude of the early inhibitory postsynaptic potential evoked by the second pheromone component and 2) the maximal rate of odor pulses that neuron could resolve ( r = 0.92). Projection neurons receiving stronger inhibitory input encoded the temporal pattern of the stimulus with higher fidelity. With the principal, excitatory component of the pheromone alone as the stimulus, the dynamic range for encoding stimulus intermittency was reduced in nearly 60% of the neurons tested. The greatest reductions were observed in those neurons that could be shown to receive the strongest inhibitory input from the second behaviorally essential component of the blend. We also tested the ability of these neurons to encode stimulus duration. Again there was a strong correlation between the strength of the inhibitory input to a neuron mediated by the second pheromone component and that neuron's ability to encode stimulus duration. Neurons that were strongly inhibited by the second component could accurately encode pulses of the blend from 50 to 500 ms in duration ( r = 0.94), but that ability was reduced in neurons receiving little or no inhibitory input ( r = 0.23). This study confirms that certain olfactory projection neurons respond optimally to a particular odor blend rather than to the individual components of the blend. The key components activate opposing synaptic inputs that enable this subset of central neurons to copy the duration and frequency of intermittent odor pulses that are a fundamental feature of airborne olfactory stimuli.

Identification Of Sex Pheromone Components Of The Painted Apple Moth: A Tussock Moth With A Thermally Labile Pheromone Component

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. El-Sayed ◽  
A. R. Gibb ◽  
D. M. Suckling ◽  
B. Bunn ◽  
S. Fielder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components

scholarly journals Flight initiation and flight activity in Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scholz ◽  
C. Borgemeister ◽  
R. H. Markham ◽  
H. M. Poehling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Flight Initiation

AbstractIn an outdoor experimental set-up, the number of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) flying from maize cobs was recorded over 38 observation weeks. Flight activity in the field was recorded for 50 weeks with three pheromone traps, each placed at c. 100–300 m from the first experimental set-up. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both flight initiation and flight activity were partly influenced by mean temperatures, but were not directly related. Flight initiation was mainly dependent on population density. An additional experiment showed that sex ratios among pheromone trap catches were not correlated with the number of beetles caught; sex ratios were female-biased throughout the year. Seasonal fluctuations in flight activity recorded with pheromone traps are mainly dependent on changes in the number and sizes of beetle populations in a given area, as well as on breeding site availability and suitability.

SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENT OF THE WESTERN BLACKHEADED BUDWORM, ACLERIS GLOVERANA WALSINGHAM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Gray ◽  
R.F. Shepherd ◽  
G. Gries ◽  
R. Gries
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pheromone Gland ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Trap Catches

Abstract(E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal (E11,13-14:Ald) is the major component of the sex pheromone of the western blackheaded budworm (WBB), Acleris gloverana Walsingham. The compound was identified in extracts of the female’s pheromone gland by coupled gas chromatographic - electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and coupled GC - mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. In field experiments, E11,13-14:Ald by itself was attractive, but addition of (Z)-11,13-tetradecadienal doubled trap catches of male WBB. (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienol or (E)-11,13-tetradecadienyl acetate in binary or ternary combination with E11,13-14:Ald did not enhance attractiveness of the bait. In comparative assessments of five different trap designs, Uni-traps appeared to be the most suitable for use in pheromone-based monitoring of populations of WBB.

Pheromonal Production of and Response to Optically Active Epoxydienes in Some Geometrid Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth ◽  
G. Szőcs ◽  
W. Francke ◽  
F. Schmidt ◽  
P. Philipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Specificity ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Chiral Gas Chromatography

In pheromone extracts of calling female Chiasma clathrata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator pest of alfalfa, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene and (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene was identified. Chiral gas chromatography using a modified cyclodextrin and synthetic reference samples proved the natural epoxide to show (3R, 4S)-configuration. In field trapping tests, only the pure (3R, 4S)-enantiom er of the epoxide attracted males. The addition of the triene component was synergistic. Males of the sympatric species Tephrina arenacearia Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were caught only in traps with baits containing the (3S, 4R)-enantiomer [together with a previously described minor component, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis- 6,7-epoxyheptadecadiene]. In trapping tests conducted in a different biotope, Abraxas grossulariata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) males were attracted by the (3S, 4R)-enantiomer, whereas the (3R, 4S)-enantiomer attracted a close relative, Abraxas sylvata Scop. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The present results suggest that one of the key mechanisms responsible for pheromone specificity among both the two alfalfa geometrids and the two A braxas species in their respective biotops, may be the use of different enantiomers of the same polyenederived epoxide as a sex pheromone component. It is probable that this discrimination mechanism is widespread among moth species utilizing epoxide pheromone components

scholarly journals Attractiveness of Pheromone Components With and Without the Synergist, Methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-Decatrienoate, to Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C Weber ◽  
William R Morrison ◽  
Ashot Khrimian ◽  
Kevin B Rice ◽  
Brent D Short ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Plautia Stali

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is attracted to its male-produced aggregation pheromone, a ~3.5:1 mixture of (3S,6S,7R,10S)- and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol (SSRS and RSRS respectively), and also to the pheromone of its Asian sympatric species Plautia stali Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate (MDT). A stereoisomeric mixture of (7R) 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ols (= mixed murgantiols) is used together in commercialized products with MDT because the latter is a synergist for H. halys attraction to mixed murgantiols. However, the optimal ratio for MDT combination with mixed murgantiols, and the sensitivity of bug captures to variation in ratio of the two pheromone components, have not been tested to date. Using black pyramid traps at two sites (in Maryland and West Virginia, United States), different ratios of mixed murgantiols to MDT were tested over two entire seasons. Also, captures using various ratios of the two active pheromone stereoisomers were undertaken in month-long trials with and without MDT. Results showed that H. halys adult and nymphal captures were relatively insensitive to the ratio of synthetic pheromone (mixed murgantiols) to MDT, as long as each was present in the trap. Captures of adults and nymphs were responsive to the lure loading of the SSRS isomer, but relatively insensitive to levels of the minor component, RSRS. The relative insensitivity of H. halys to these attractant ratios gives flexibility to development of more cost-efficient synthesis and trapping as well as other semiochemical-based management tactics.

Acute olfactory sensitivity to prostaglandins but not to gonadal steroids in two sympatric species of Catostomus (Pisces: Cypriniformes)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1897-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Cardwell ◽  
J. G. Dulka ◽  
N. E. Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Longnose Sucker

The discovery that released hormones (steroids and prostaglandins) and their metabolites function as potent pheromones in some fishes provides an opportunity to determine whether these chemically identified pheromones are species specific. As a first step in studying this complex issue, we used an extracellular electrophysiological recording technique (electro-olfactogram) to investigate the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatrically spawning catostomid species (white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, and longnose sucker, Catostomus catostomus; Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) to steroids and prostaglandins that might function as sex pheromones. Both species were acutely sensitive to F-series prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin-F2α and its metabolite 15-ketoprostaglandin-F2α, but exhibited no olfactory responses to free or conjugated gonadal steroids. The data from tests of olfactory sensitivity to a range of gonadal steroids, though negative, provide preliminary evidence that maturational steroid hormones do not function as pheromones in catostomids as they do in other cypriniform fishes. We were unable to detect species differences in receptor-level olfactory sensitivity to hormones or hormone metabolites, although we cannot discount possible differences at other levels of the olfactory system.

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