Acute olfactory sensitivity to prostaglandins but not to gonadal steroids in two sympatric species of Catostomus (Pisces: Cypriniformes)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1897-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Cardwell ◽  
J. G. Dulka ◽  
N. E. Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Longnose Sucker

The discovery that released hormones (steroids and prostaglandins) and their metabolites function as potent pheromones in some fishes provides an opportunity to determine whether these chemically identified pheromones are species specific. As a first step in studying this complex issue, we used an extracellular electrophysiological recording technique (electro-olfactogram) to investigate the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatrically spawning catostomid species (white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, and longnose sucker, Catostomus catostomus; Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) to steroids and prostaglandins that might function as sex pheromones. Both species were acutely sensitive to F-series prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin-F2α and its metabolite 15-ketoprostaglandin-F2α, but exhibited no olfactory responses to free or conjugated gonadal steroids. The data from tests of olfactory sensitivity to a range of gonadal steroids, though negative, provide preliminary evidence that maturational steroid hormones do not function as pheromones in catostomids as they do in other cypriniform fishes. We were unable to detect species differences in receptor-level olfactory sensitivity to hormones or hormone metabolites, although we cannot discount possible differences at other levels of the olfactory system.

Carbo-loading in Coccidioides spp.: a quantitative analysis of CAZyme abundance and resulting glycan populations

Glycobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M Mitchell ◽  
Thomas E Grys ◽  
Douglas F Lake
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Fungal Genomes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fungal Kingdom

Abstract Coccidioides spp. are important pneumonia-causing pathogens of the American southwest, but little is known about their glycobiology and how their glycosylations differ from other pneumonia-causing fungi. There is mounting preliminary evidence to suggest genus or even species-specific glycosylations in the fungal kingdom due to the presence of unique Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) in fungal genomes (Deshpande and others 2008; Karkowska-Kuleta and Kozik 2015). If Coccidioides spp.-specific glycans can be identified, it may be possible to exploit these differences to develop more specific diagnostic approaches and more effective therapeutics. Herein we i) mined Coccidioides spp. and other pathogenic fungal genomes to identify CAZymes specific for Coccidiodes spp., ii) proteomically determined the Coccidioides spp. “CAZome” produced in vivo and in vitro, and iii) utilized glycomics to differentiate Coccidioides genus-specific N-glycans from other pathogenic fungi. As far as we are aware, this is the first proteomic and glycomic comparison of the N-glycomes and CAZomes of different fungal genera during infection in human hosts.

scholarly journals Daytime depth and thermal habitat of two sympatric krill species in response to surface salinity variability in the Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Plourde ◽  
Ian H. McQuinn ◽  
Frédéric Maps ◽  
Jean-François St-Pierre ◽  
Diane Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Environmental Forcing ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Thermal Habitat ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Salinity Variability ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Plourde, S., McQuinn, I. H., Maps, F., St-Pierre, J-F., Lavoie, D., and Joly, P. 2014. Daytime depth and thermal habitat of two sympatric krill species in response to surface salinity variability in the Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 272–281. We describe the response of acoustically determined weighted mean depth (WMD) of two sympatric species of krill, Thysanoessa raschii and Meganyctiphanes norvegica, to variations in surface salinity during summer in the Gulf of St Lawrence. In this coastal system, non-living particulates and CDOM carried by the freshwater run-off of the St Lawrence River and several large rivers have a strong impact on turbidity and light attenuance in the surface layer. The WMD of T. raschii and M. norvegica were significantly and positively related to surface salinity. However, M. norvegica was found deeper and in warmer water than T. raschii, and the latter had a steeper response to surface salinity. The species-specific relationships between daytime WMD and surface salinity enabled us to estimate both species regional and interannual variations in summertime temperature habitat during a 21-year period (1991–2011). The variability in daytime WMD resulted in significant inter- and intraspecific differences in the temperature experienced by adult krill that may impact development, growth, and reproduction. Our study illustrated the importance of considering species-specific responses to environmental forcing in coupled biophysical models that aim to explore the impacts of environmental variations on krill dynamics.

scholarly journals Pheromone Production, Attraction, and Interspecific Inhibition among Four Species ofIpsBark Beetles in the Southeastern USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Birgersson ◽  
Mark J. Dalusky ◽  
Karl E. Espelie ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Trap Catches

Hindgut volatiles from attacking, unmated males ofIps avulsus, I. calligraphus, I. grandicollis, andI. piniwere analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Based on the quantitative identifications of hindguts and subsequent individual aerations, baits were formulated and a combined species-specific subtractive field bioassay was set up for the four bark beetle species. The bioassays were subtractive for the compounds identified in the hindgut analysis of each species, and volatiles identified in sympatric species were added as potential inhibitors alone and in combination. The trap catches from this bioassay revealed strong interspecific inhibition. The subtractive assays showed thatI. grandicollisandI. calligraphusshare (–)-(4S)-cis-verbenol as one pheromone component, while their second, synergistic pheromone component, (–)-(S)-ipsenol inI. grandicollisand (±)-ipsdienol inI. calligraphus, acts as an interspecific inhibitor to the other species.I. avulsusandI. piniwere found to have very similar production of hindgut volatiles, and both use ipsdienol and lanierone as synergistic pheromone components. No beetle-produced interspecific inhibitor was identified between these two species. Lanierone was found to be an interspecific inhibitor for bothI. calligraphusandI. grandicollis.

scholarly journals Loss and Gain of Gut Bacterial Phylotype Symbionts in Afrotropical Stingless Bee Species (Apidae: Meliponinae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Yosef Hamba Tola ◽  
Jacqueline Wahura Waweru ◽  
Nelly N. Ndungu ◽  
Kiatoko Nkoba ◽  
Bernard Slippers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Species Specific

Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are the most diverse group of corbiculate bees and are important managed and wild pollinators distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. However, little is known about their associated beneficial microbes that play major roles in host nutrition, detoxification, growth, activation of immune responses, and protection against pathogens in their sister groups, honeybees and bumble bees. Here, we provide an initial characterization of the gut bacterial microbiota of eight stingless bee species from sub-Saharan Africa using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the dominant and conserved phyla across the eight stingless bee species. Additionally, we found significant geographical and host intra-species-specific bacterial diversity. Notably, African strains showed significant phylogenetic clustering when compared with strains from other continents, and each stingless bee species has its own microbial composition with its own dominant bacterial genus. Our results suggest host selective mechanisms maintain distinct gut communities among sympatric species and thus constitute an important resource for future studies on bee health management and host-microbe co-evolution and adaptation.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Flash Patterns Track the Nocturnal Behavior of Sympatric Taiwanese Fireflies

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
King-Siang Goh ◽  
Chia-Ming Lee ◽  
Tzi-Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Sympatric Population ◽  
Flash Duration ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analyses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Suitable Reference ◽  
And Behavior

It is highly challenging to evaluate the species’ content and behavior changes in wild fireflies, especially for a sympatric population. Here, the flash interval (FI) and flash duration (FD) of flying males from three sympatric species (Abscondita cerata, Luciola kagiana, and Luciola curtithorax) were investigated for their potentials in assessing species composition and nocturnal behaviors during the A. cerata mating season. Both FI and FD were quantified from the continuous flashes of adult fireflies (lasting 5–30 s) via spatiotemporal analyses of video recorded along the Genliao hiking trail in Taipei, Taiwan. Compared to FD patterns and flash colors, FI patterns exhibited the highest species specificity, making them a suitable reference for differentiating firefly species. Through the case study of a massive occurrence of A. cerata (21 April 2018), the species contents (~85% of the flying population) and active periods of a sympatric population comprising A. cerata and L. kagiana were successfully evaluated by FI pattern matching, as well as field specimen collections. Our study suggests that FI patterns may be a reliable species-specific luminous marker for monitoring the behavioral changes in a sympatric firefly population in the field, and has implication values for firefly conservation.

scholarly journals “The tale of the three little tits”: Different nest building solutions under the same environmental pressures

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Iván Alambiaga ◽  
Elena Álvarez ◽  
David Diez-Méndez ◽  
José Verdejo ◽  
Emilio Barba
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Nest Size ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

Evolutionary selection pressures, and species-specific ecology and behavior, promote a great variability in the size and composition of nests. However, it would be expected that phylogenetically close species, with similar ecological needs, breeding at the same time in the same place, would also build similar nests. In contrast with this, previous studies have found differences in nest mass and composition among closely related sympatric species. These differences have been attributed to small differences in body size (smaller species building larger and/or more insulated nests), or to the different ways in which species perceive the environment (e.g. perceived predation risk). In this study, for the first time, we searched for differences between nest mass, composition, and importance of the different functional parts of the nest between Blue ( Cyanistes caeruleus), Great ( Parus major) and Coal tits ( Periparus ater) breeding under the same conditions. We found that smaller species built larger nests and/or include more thermoregulatory materials, probably having greater insulating capacity, which agrees with previous hypotheses. In particular, Blue Tits made greater use of bark, feathers and vegetable fiber, while Great Tits used wild boar hair in greater proportions. In addition, for the first time, we described in detail the nest composition of Coal Tits, which contained large amounts of fluff compared to the other two species. All these results are in line with previous hypothesis linking nest size and composition to the size of the birds, and the existence of species-specific characteristics in the selection of materials for nest building.

The impacts of selective logging on three sympatric species of Leptodactylus in a Central Guyana rainforest

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eduard Linsenmair ◽  
Tillmann Konrad ◽  
Raffael Ernst ◽  
Mark-Oliver Rödel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Habitat Alterations ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractSelective logging has the potential to significantly alter environmental conditions experienced by both larval and adult amphibians and, therefore, may affect the population viability of particular species. In this study we evaluated the impacts of selective logging on the occurrence, larval development, and survival of three sympatric foam nest-constructing Leptodactylus species in a central Guyanan rainforest. The occurrence and abundance of adults differed among species and between habitat complexes. Species-habitat associations appeared to be linked to species-specific reproductive habitat requirements. The response of tadpoles to logging-related habitat alterations varied among species. Experiments on one of the focal species showed that tadpole development and growth depend on larval residence time within foam nests, and on environmental factors related to solar exposure and temperature of aquatic habitats. Tadpoles that were reared in foam nests over extended periods of time showed significant decrease in body mass. Tadpoles reared under exposed conditions developed more slowly than those reared under shaded conditions. Likewise, larval growth decelerated in the former. Larval survival differed among species and between habitats. Species-specific responses to disturbance-related environmental changes indicate that simplified generalizations that do not take into account species-specific variation are problematic. We, therefore, argue that sound conservation strategies for this group of amphibians would benefit by moving from generalizations to species specific recommendations.

scholarly journals Landscape, colonization, and life history: their effects on genetic diversity in four sympatric species inhabiting a dendritic system

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2288-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Ruzzante ◽  
Gregory R. McCracken ◽  
Sarah J. Salisbury ◽  
Hilary T. Brewis ◽  
Donald Keefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Colonization History ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Contemporary Gene Flow ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
Longnose Sucker

To what degree are patterns of genetic structure in fragmented systems the result of contemporary landscape versus history? We examined the distribution of genetic diversity as a function of colonization history and contemporary landscape in four fish species inhabiting a hierarchically fragmented, unaltered system, the Kogaluk drainage (Labrador): lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum), and lake chub (Couesius plumbeus). The footprint of colonization history was still observable in the three species where this issue was examined regardless of the generations since their arrival. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses suggest colonization took place from the southwest. The species exhibit similar diversity patterns despite different [Formula: see text] values and generation intervals. Contemporary gene flow was largely negligible except for gene flow from a centrally located lake. These results suggest landscape has driven colonization history, which still has influence on genetic structuring. The species are widespread. Understanding how they behave in the pristine Kogaluk provides a baseline against which to evaluate how other anthropogenically perturbed systems are performing. Improved understanding of historical and contemporary processes is required to fully explain diversity patterns in complex metapopulations.

Preliminary evidence of a role for prostaglandin F in human follicular function

1975 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl R. Plunkett ◽  
Young S. Moon ◽  
Jiri Zamecnik ◽  
David T. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Acute olfactory sensitivity of wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio, to goldfish hormonal sex pheromones is influenced by gonadal maturity

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. S. Irvine ◽  
P. W. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

To determine whether wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) employ as pheromones the same gonadal hormones as goldfish, and whether their olfactory sensitivity is influenced by gonadal condition, the olfactory responsiveness of Mississippi River carp to gonadal steroids was measured by electro-olfactogram recording during two spawning seasons. Thirty-three gonadal steroids and two prostaglandins were tested. Of the steroids, only 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20βP), 17α,20βP-sulfate (17α,20βP-S), and androstenedione (A) were specifically detected with high sensitivity. 17α,20βP was the most potent compound, with a threshold concentration of 10−13 M, while 17α,20βP-S, and A had thresholds of approximately 10−10 M. This pattern of sensitivity matches that of the goldfish, which strongly suggests that these species share steroidal pheromone systems. The olfactory sensitivities and specificities of adult male and female carp to steroids were similar to each other and did not vary with season. However, juvenile fish were less sensitive than adults to 17α,20βP, 17α,20βP-S, prostaglandin F2α, and 15-ketoprostaglandin F2α, and more sensitive to both A and L-serine: the sensitivity of the carp olfactory epithelium to putative pheromones was apparently influenced by gonadal maturity and likely also by hormonal condition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document