scholarly journals Fetal Vibroacoustic Stimulation in Computerized Cardiotocographic Analysis: The Role of Short-Term Variability and Approximate Entropy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Annunziata ◽  
Mariamaddalena Scala ◽  
Natascia Giuliano ◽  
Salvatore Tagliaferri ◽  
Olga Carmela Maria Imperato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Variability

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) on computerized cardiotocography short-term variability (STV) and approximate entropy (ApEn) in both low- and high-risk pregnancies. VAS was performed on 121 high- and 95 low-risk pregnancies after 10 minutes of continuous quiet, while their FHR parameters were monitored and recorded by cCTG analysis. Fetal heart rate was recorded using a computer-assisted equipment. Baseline FHR, accelerations, decelerations, STV, long-term irregularity (LTI), ApEn, and fetal movements (FMs) were calculated for defined observational periods before VAS and after 10 minutes. Data were also investigated in relationship with the perinatal outcome. In each group of patients, FHR after VAS remained almost unmodified. Fetal movements significantly increased after VAS in both groups. Results show that only in the high-risk pregnancies, the increase of STV and the decrease of ApEn after VAS were significantly associated with favorable perinatal outcomes.

The impact of short-term variability and uncertainty on long-term power planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik C. Bylling ◽  
Salvador Pineda ◽  
Trine K. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Variability

Democratization and Troop Contributions to United Nations Peacekeeping

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2096819
Author(s):  
Timothy J. A. Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

What explains the post–Cold War surge in peacekeeping contributions from the developing world? I argue that, amid a wave of democratization and expanded peacekeeping activity, such countries use peacekeeping deployments to reduce the threat of the military to nascent democratic institutions. Peacekeeping participation serves to placate the military in the short term with resources and continued activity, while socializing and professionalizing it to pro-democracy behaviors in the long term. Assessing troop contributions from 1990 to 2011, I find evidence that new democracies make larger contributions than other states, where the effect diminishes as democracy becomes consolidated. Moreover, the effect is amplified in countries with a greater military legacy. I supplement this with a study of Argentina to further support the proposed mechanism. These findings help explain the shift in state peacekeeping contributions in recent years, the role of democracy in peacekeeping efforts, and the impact of international actors in supporting democratization.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exploitation and Exploration on Export Sales Growth: The Moderating Role of Domestic and International Collaborations

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Carlos M.P. Sousa ◽  
Rebecca Yu Li ◽  
Xinming He
Keyword(s):  
Time Lags ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Exploitation And Exploration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the short- and long-term implications of the impact of exploitation and exploration on export sales growth. It also explores the moderating role of external collaborations by differentiating between domestic collaborations and international collaborations. The authors tested their conceptual model with data from the U.K. Community Innovation Survey (2010–2016). Using different time lags for exploitation and exploration, the findings indicate that the impact varies over time. Specifically, they reveal that the effect of exploitation is negative in the long term but positive in the short term, while exploration has no significant effect in the short term but a positive influence on export sales growth in the long term. Similarly, the moderating effect of domestic and international collaborations has been found to vary over time. The authors conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications.

The Role of Memory in Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Alison Wray
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Event Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the nature of memory and the impact on communication of the memory deficits associated with dementia. The main types of memory are described (long-term, short-term, working, declarative, implicit, emotional, episodic). The process of recalling information is discussed, and the natural changes associated with ageing are considered. The general impact on communication of impaired event memory is explored before a deeper look is taken at why disruption to episodic memory has such a significant impact on communication. Specifically, the role of autonoesis (knowing one was present at an event) is explored. Without autonoesis, it is harder to speak with authority and confidence about what happened. People living with a dementia are vulnerable to being doubted, out-argued, and shouted down by those able to produce a stronger case for their own claims. Not being believed is a significant assault on the sense of self.

Societal Costs of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Lynch ◽  
John F. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Impact

Costs related to mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions (MHNCs) in childhood are experienced by multiple groups, including families, public and private service systems, and society as a whole. This chapter provides a conceptual model of MHNC-related costs, reviews estimates of short-term and long-term costs, and discusses the role of economic evaluation of services. Our conceptual model suggests that it is critical to consider costs from a broad point of view, but current literature on cost of MHNCs is uneven, with significant focus on short-term health system costs and very little emphasis on long-term costs or costs outside the health system, such as costs to families. There is a growing body of literature on MHNC costs, but more emphasis is needed in areas where there is little data to ensure that decision-makers have comprehensive data on the impact of MHNCs in order to manage scarce resources equitably and efficiently.

scholarly journals The Linkage between Oil and Non-Oil GDP in Saudi Arabia

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Sami Alabdulwahab
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Symmetric Effect ◽  
The Impact

Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s major producers of oil. The Saudi Government has launched its vision for the coming decade: Saudi Vision 2030 (also known as 2030 Vision). Saudi Vision 2030 aims to diversify economic income and be independent of oil revenue. The focus of Saudi Vision 2030 is increasing the role of the non-oil GDP in the economy. In this study, I tried to examine the link between oil and non-oil GDP in Saudi Arabia. I used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration, the most common tool used to examine linkages among variables. My ARDL results confirm the long-term cointegration between non-oil GDP and oil rent, thus implying that oil rent-seeking strategies still exist in Saudi Arabia. The short-term dynamics confirmed the impact of oil rent over the non-oil GDP. The ARDL results led to analyses of asymmetric effects. The NARDL model estimated and confirmed the symmetric effect of the oil rent on non-oil GDP. These results demonstrate the challenges in diversifying Saudi Arabia’s income.

scholarly journals Energy Transition in Aviation: The Role of Cryogenic Fuels

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Arvind Gangoli Rao ◽  
Feijia Yin ◽  
Henri Werij
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Aviation is the backbone of our modern society. In 2019, around 4.5 billion passengers travelled through the air. However, at the same time, aviation was also responsible for around 5% of anthropogenic causes of global warming. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aviation sector in the short term is clearly very high, but the long-term effects are still unknown. However, with the increase in global GDP, the number of travelers is expected to increase between three- to four-fold by the middle of this century. While other sectors of transportation are making steady progress in decarbonizing, aviation is falling behind. This paper explores some of the various options for energy carriers in aviation and particularly highlights the possibilities and challenges of using cryogenic fuels/energy carriers such as liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).

scholarly journals Determining the presence of a long-term/short-term dilemma for SMEs when adopting strategic orientation to improve performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-110
Author(s):  
Simone Regina Didonet ◽  
Andrew Fearne ◽  
Geoff Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Business Approach ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study seeks to discuss a potential ‘long-term/short-term dilemma’ for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which could cause tension when adopting two strategic orientations assumed to be complementary – market orientation (MO) and sales orientation (SO). Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the role of MO and SO as mediators of the relationship between business approach and SME performance. An empirical study of 122 SMEs in the UK grocery sector is conducted. The results reveal that an apparent conflict or tension between market and SO seems to exist in practice. SMEs emphasise both strategic orientations as a way of framing their business approach. However, this emphasis does not hold when considering SME performance. The impact of business approach on performance only occurs through MO. There is no observable significance in the mediation of SO on this relationship. Theoretical and managerial implications for SME management literature and practice are developed.

DOES STRONGER R&D CAPABILITY ALWAYS PROMOTE BETTER INNOVATION? THE MODERATING ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE BOUNDARY SPANNING OF R&D NETWORK

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850059 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANHUI JIANG ◽  
CHONGYANG WEI ◽  
ZHI YANG ◽  
ULAGANATHAN SUBRAMANIAN
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Setting the research background in China, this study draws on absorptive capacity, knowledge inertia and prospect theory to show the relationship between R&D capability and innovation performance which comprises exploitation and exploration. We propose that stronger R&D capability promotes exploitation performance but inhibits exploration performance. As exploitation represents immediate interest and exploration represents long-term interest, we introduce the notion of knowledge boundary spanning of R&D network to balance short-term and long-term benefits. The empirical results show that R&D capability and knowledge boundary spanning of R&D network complement each other for explorative innovation while they present trade-offs for exploitative innovation. This study contributes to existing literature on R&D capability–innovation performance, and it further extends our understanding by investigating the impact of knowledge boundary spanning of R&D network on the R&D capacity–innovation performance relationships. In addition, this study provides references on resources configuration to achieve different innovation strategies.

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