Societal Costs of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Lynch ◽  
John F. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Impact

Costs related to mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions (MHNCs) in childhood are experienced by multiple groups, including families, public and private service systems, and society as a whole. This chapter provides a conceptual model of MHNC-related costs, reviews estimates of short-term and long-term costs, and discusses the role of economic evaluation of services. Our conceptual model suggests that it is critical to consider costs from a broad point of view, but current literature on cost of MHNCs is uneven, with significant focus on short-term health system costs and very little emphasis on long-term costs or costs outside the health system, such as costs to families. There is a growing body of literature on MHNC costs, but more emphasis is needed in areas where there is little data to ensure that decision-makers have comprehensive data on the impact of MHNCs in order to manage scarce resources equitably and efficiently.

The Benefits of Social Networking Sites in Building Reputation for Enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
María Victoria Carrillo-Durán ◽  
Juan Luis Tato-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Short Term

This chapter aims to clarify the role of social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn in building the reputation of enterprises. SNSs have a vast potential in the digital environment to build reputation and thus a long-term competitive advantage for companies. The chapter opts for a literature review with which to discuss the difficulties and possibilities companies have in building reputation through SNSs. The SNSs used in companies are marketing-centered. Engagement is promoted only with customers, and is short-term and centered on results instead of being long-term and centered on competitive advantage and promoting engagement with different stakeholders. This issue is not dependent on the size of the company. Instead, it is dependent on understanding the concept of reputation from a strategic point of view, with companies adapting their management to their own particularities and to the different possibilities offered by SNSs.

scholarly journals Fetal Vibroacoustic Stimulation in Computerized Cardiotocographic Analysis: The Role of Short-Term Variability and Approximate Entropy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Annunziata ◽  
Mariamaddalena Scala ◽  
Natascia Giuliano ◽  
Salvatore Tagliaferri ◽  
Olga Carmela Maria Imperato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Variability

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) on computerized cardiotocography short-term variability (STV) and approximate entropy (ApEn) in both low- and high-risk pregnancies. VAS was performed on 121 high- and 95 low-risk pregnancies after 10 minutes of continuous quiet, while their FHR parameters were monitored and recorded by cCTG analysis. Fetal heart rate was recorded using a computer-assisted equipment. Baseline FHR, accelerations, decelerations, STV, long-term irregularity (LTI), ApEn, and fetal movements (FMs) were calculated for defined observational periods before VAS and after 10 minutes. Data were also investigated in relationship with the perinatal outcome. In each group of patients, FHR after VAS remained almost unmodified. Fetal movements significantly increased after VAS in both groups. Results show that only in the high-risk pregnancies, the increase of STV and the decrease of ApEn after VAS were significantly associated with favorable perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Caregivers’ Mental Health and Somatic Symptoms During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung S Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Objectives This study examines differences in the mental and physical health of the U.S. population during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic among 3 groups: noncaregivers, short-term caregivers (1 year or less), and long-term caregivers (greater than 1 year). Methods Data from the Understanding America Study are used to describe group differences in reports of psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Logistic and negative binomial regression models are used to examine whether these differences persist after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and prepandemic health conditions. To understand within-group differences in caregiving demands, the intensity of care provided by short-term and long-term caregivers, as well as selected patients’ health conditions are summarized. Results Adults’ mental and physical health varied substantially by caregiver status. Caregivers continued to fare worse than noncaregivers in terms of mental health and fatigue, and long-term caregivers were more likely to report headache, body aches, and abdominal discomfort than both short-term caregivers and noncaregivers, net of controls. The nature of caregiving differed between short-term and long-term caregivers, with the latter more likely to provide greater hours of care, and to be looking after patients with permanent medical conditions. Discussion Efforts to understand and mitigate the impact of the pandemic on population health should include caregivers, whose mental and physical health were already vulnerable before COVID-19.

On legal facts conditions in criminal executive law and their classification

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Егор Евгеньевич Новиков
Keyword(s):  
Third Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Consequences

В статье рассматриваются юридические факты-состояния, порождающие, изменяющие или прекращающие уголовно-исполнительные правоотношения. Автор на основе анализа дискуссии ученых-юристов, посвященной определению места событий в системе юридических фактов, представил собственную точку зрения, касающуюся роли юридических фактов-состояний в уголовно-исполнительном праве. В работе аргументируется, что состояние следует отнести к одному из видов фактов-событий. Представлена классификация юридических фактов-событий, содержащихся в уголовно-исполнительном праве. Предлагается рассматриваемые правовые явления классифицировать по следующим основаниям: по происхождению (абсолютные (болезнь осужденного/родственников) и относительные (беременность, опьянение, родство); по времени существования (краткосрочные, длительные, постоянные); в зависимости от способности порождать правоотношения (состояния, влекущие стопроцентное возникновение юридических последствий и факты, порождающие возникновение юридических последствий, но при условии участия третьих лиц). The article deals with legal facts-states generating, changing or terminating criminal executive relations. The author, based on an analysis of the discussion of legal scholars devoted to determining the location of events in the system of legal facts, presented his own point of view regarding the role of legal facts-states in the criminal-executive law. The paper argues that the state should be attributed to one of the types of fact-events. The article presents the classification of legal facts-events contained in the criminal-executive law. It is proposed to classify the considered legal phenomena for the following reasons: by origin (absolute (illness of the convict / relatives) and relative (pregnancy, intoxication, kinship); by time of existence (short-term, long-term, permanent); depending on the ability to generate legal relations (conditions entailing 100 % of the occurrence of legal consequences and facts giving rise to the occurrence of legal consequences, but subject to the participation of third parties.

The role of education in the accumulation and transmission of social experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Yakovlevich Flier
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Communicative Acts

It is demonstrated that social experience is accumulated in the process of real joint life activity of people in the course of satisfying their group and individual interests and needs, in which there is a constant spontaneous rejection of those forms (technologies and results) of their actions, conduct, communicative acts, the used means, ideological and value foundations, etc. that are recognized as harmful or potentially dangerous for the existing level of social integration of the team and turn out to be unacceptable in terms of their social cost and consequences. Some of these undesirable forms eventually fall under institutional taboo (legislative, religious and other prohibitions, sanctions, etc.), while others remain condemned within the framework of customs (morality, virtue). The forms that in the short term, and especially in the long term, prove to be quite acceptable or even desirable from the point of view of maintaining, reproducing, and sometimes increasing the level of social consolidation of community members, their tolerance, the quality of their mutual understanding and interaction, both spontaneously and over time institutionally selected as recommended, are accumulated and consolidated in social norms, standards, values, rules, laws, and ideological principles. Education is one of these most effective forms. The article shows what functions are performed by education at all levels and stages.

scholarly journals Investigating Greenland's glaciers

1990 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
A Weidick
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Investigations of Greenland's glaciers undertaken by GGU are primarily related to the exploitation of meltwater from the Inland lce and local glaciers in western Greenland, i.e. they are essentially related to glacier hydrology (Olesen & Braithwaite, 1989). The studies are therefore based on mass balance data combined with investigations of superglacial melt/refreezing and the determination of the internal mode of drainage. Related to this work is the documentation of short-term glacier changes at specific localities identified as being of special interest for hydropower from the point of view of glacier hazards, i.e. for example damage caused by tapping of ice dammed lakes or change of proglacial draining caused by change in the glacier's thickness and extent. Similar documentation of long-term glacier fluctuations provides a background for control and modelling of past glacier fluctuations. The procedures have a direct bearing on the calculation of scenarios for future events related to the individual localities or, in a regional sense, to the impact of changes in Greenland glaciers on global sea level (the 'greenhouse effect’).

Democratization and Troop Contributions to United Nations Peacekeeping

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2096819
Author(s):  
Timothy J. A. Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

What explains the post–Cold War surge in peacekeeping contributions from the developing world? I argue that, amid a wave of democratization and expanded peacekeeping activity, such countries use peacekeeping deployments to reduce the threat of the military to nascent democratic institutions. Peacekeeping participation serves to placate the military in the short term with resources and continued activity, while socializing and professionalizing it to pro-democracy behaviors in the long term. Assessing troop contributions from 1990 to 2011, I find evidence that new democracies make larger contributions than other states, where the effect diminishes as democracy becomes consolidated. Moreover, the effect is amplified in countries with a greater military legacy. I supplement this with a study of Argentina to further support the proposed mechanism. These findings help explain the shift in state peacekeeping contributions in recent years, the role of democracy in peacekeeping efforts, and the impact of international actors in supporting democratization.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exploitation and Exploration on Export Sales Growth: The Moderating Role of Domestic and International Collaborations

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Carlos M.P. Sousa ◽  
Rebecca Yu Li ◽  
Xinming He
Keyword(s):  
Time Lags ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Exploitation And Exploration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the short- and long-term implications of the impact of exploitation and exploration on export sales growth. It also explores the moderating role of external collaborations by differentiating between domestic collaborations and international collaborations. The authors tested their conceptual model with data from the U.K. Community Innovation Survey (2010–2016). Using different time lags for exploitation and exploration, the findings indicate that the impact varies over time. Specifically, they reveal that the effect of exploitation is negative in the long term but positive in the short term, while exploration has no significant effect in the short term but a positive influence on export sales growth in the long term. Similarly, the moderating effect of domestic and international collaborations has been found to vary over time. The authors conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications.

The Role of Memory in Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Alison Wray
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Event Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the nature of memory and the impact on communication of the memory deficits associated with dementia. The main types of memory are described (long-term, short-term, working, declarative, implicit, emotional, episodic). The process of recalling information is discussed, and the natural changes associated with ageing are considered. The general impact on communication of impaired event memory is explored before a deeper look is taken at why disruption to episodic memory has such a significant impact on communication. Specifically, the role of autonoesis (knowing one was present at an event) is explored. Without autonoesis, it is harder to speak with authority and confidence about what happened. People living with a dementia are vulnerable to being doubted, out-argued, and shouted down by those able to produce a stronger case for their own claims. Not being believed is a significant assault on the sense of self.

scholarly journals The Impact of World Ranking Systems on Graduate Schools of Business: Promoting the Manipulation of Image over the Management of Substance

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent V. Rondeau
Keyword(s):  
Business Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
League Tables ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
The Impact

This essay explores and examines how rankings and league tables have played (and continue to play) a major andconsequential role in how contemporary business schools manage their affairs. It introduces and advances theproposition that rankings promote the short-term manipulation of public reputation (image) projected by businessschools at the expense of the long-term investments in quality improvement. When schools shift scarce resources toactions aimed at enhancing their public image in the short-term, the consequences for the quality of the professionaleducation is significantly compromised in the long-term to the detriment of the constituencies that they serve. Whilethis paper focuses mainly on business schools in the United States and Canada, where this author has experiencedthese consequences first-hand, the effects are similar if perhaps less dramatic, for those professional businessprograms located in higher education institutions operating in the United Kingdom and Europe. While rankingsystems are not going away anytime soon, some potential ways are identified for business schools to escape thedeleterious and perverse effects of being captive players in the deadly rankings game.

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