scholarly journals A Male Aggregation Pheromone in the Bronze Bug,Thaumastocoris peregrinus(Thaumastocoridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés González ◽  
María Victoria Calvo ◽  
Valeria Cal ◽  
Verónica Hernández ◽  
Florencia Doño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Bronze Bug ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Synthetic Standard ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Volatiles ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Male Aggregation

Forest plantations in Uruguay have doubled in the past decade, withEucalyptusspp. leading this growth. The bronze bug,Thaumastocoris peregrinus(Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), originally restricted to Australia, is an important emerging pest ofEucalyptusplantations in the Southern hemisphere.T. peregrinusfeeds on matureEucalyptusleaves, causing them to turn brown and often fall from the tree. Although population dynamics and behavioural patterns are not clearly understood, circumstantial observations suggest that males and nymphs aggregate. We used gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to analyze volatile organic compounds emitted by virgin males and females, and characterized a male-specific compound, 3-methylbut-2-enyl butanoate, based on mass spectral data and chromatographic comparison with a synthetic standard. We also performed Y-olfactometer bioassays to test the attraction of virgin males and females toward live virgin males, male volatile extracts, and synthetic 3-methylbut-2-enyl butanoate. Males were attracted toward conspecific males, while virgin females showed no preference, suggesting that male volatiles are not involved in sexual communication. Further olfactometer tests showed that males were attracted to male volatile extracts and to synthetic 3-methylbut-2-enyl butanoate. The ecological significance of this compound and its potential use for the management ofT. peregrinusinEucalyptusforests will be further investigated.

Facultative heterochromatization in parahaploid male mealybugs: involvement of a heterochromatin-associated protein

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 3809-3817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bongiorni ◽  
Milena Mazzuoli ◽  
Stefania Masci ◽  
Giorgio Prantera
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Paternal Chromosome ◽  
Localization Pattern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein

The behavior of chromosomes during development of the mealybug Planococcus citri provides one of the most dramatic examples of facultative heterochromatization. In male embryos, the entire haploid paternal chromosome set becomes heterochromatic at mid-cleavage. Male mealybugs are thus functionally haploid, owing to heterochromatization (parahaploidy). To understand the mechanisms underlying facultative heterochromatization in male mealybugs, we have investigated the possible involvement of an HP-1-like protein in this process. HP-1 is a conserved, nonhistone chromosomal protein with a proposed role in heterochromatinization in other species. It was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a protein enriched in the constitutive heterochromatin of polytene chromosome. Using a monoclonal antibody raised against the Drosophila HP-1 in immunoblot and immunocytological experiments, we provide evidence for the presence of an HP-1-like in Planococcus citri males and females. In males, the HP-1-like protein is preferentially associated with the male-specific heterochromatin. In the developing male embryos, its appearance precedes the onset of heterochromatization. In females, the HP-1-like protein displays a scattered but reproducible localization pattern along chromosomes. The results indicate a role for an HP-1-like protein in the facultative heterochromatization process.

scholarly journals Developmental exposure to diesel exhaust upregulates transcription factor expression, decreases hippocampal neurogenesis, and alters cortical lamina organization: relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby B. Cole ◽  
Yu-Chi Chang ◽  
Khoi Dao ◽  
Ray Daza ◽  
Robert Hevner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Transcription Factor Expression

Abstract Background Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during development and/or in adulthood has been associated in many human studies with both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods In the present study, C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to environmentally relevant levels (250+/−50 μg/m3) of diesel exhaust (DE) or filtered air (FA) during development (E0 to PND21). The expression of several transcription factors relevant for CNS development was assessed on PND3. To address possible mechanistic underpinnings of previously observed behavioral effects of DE exposure, adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and laminar organization of neurons in the somatosensory cortex were analyzed on PND60. Results were analyzed separately for male and female mice. Results Developmental DE exposure caused a male-specific upregulation of Pax6, Tbr1, Tbr2, Sp1, and Creb1 on PND3. In contrast, in both males and females, Tbr2+ intermediate progenitor cells in the PND60 hippocampal dentate gyrus were decreased, as an indication of reduced adult neurogenesis. In the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex, laminar distribution of Trb1, calbindin, and parvalbumin (but not of Ctip2 or Cux1) was altered by developmental DE exposure. Conclusions These results provide additional evidence to previous findings indicating the ability of developmental DE exposure to cause biochemical/molecular and behavioral alterations that may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD.

The Odor-Bouquet of Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh (Col.: Scol.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Francke ◽  
J. Bartels ◽  
H. Schmutzenhofer ◽  
U. Kohnle ◽  
J. P. Vité
Keyword(s):  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific

Abstract Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, and E-myrcenol are male specific compounds of Ips schmutzenhoferi. Overall 46 compounds could be identified from males and females. The diversity of oxygenated terpenes is particularly high in males.

Separation and Identification of Neutral and Acidic Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Waterbury ◽  
L A Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ether ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Methylene Unit ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract We describe a method for obtaining profiles of neutral and acidic substances present in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by gas—liquid chromatography. Metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate and ether are converted to methyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. With this technique, acidic metabolites of brain amines, and neutral metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine have been identified in human CSF. Some of these substances have not been reported previously in CSF. Extracted substances are identified on the basis of their methylene-unit values and mass spectral data. Potential use of this method in neurodiagnosis and in delineating drug-induced changes in CSF metabolites is discussed.

Bkm satellite DNA and ZFY in the coral reef fish Anthias squamipinnis

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wachtel ◽  
Suzanne Demas ◽  
Terrence Tiersch ◽  
Peter Pechan ◽  
Douglas Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

We studied DNA from the protogynous sex-changing fish Anthias squamipinnis to evaluate the recent observation that male-specific bands are identified after hybridization with Bkm, a probe originating in the W chromosome of the snake Bungarus fasciatus. Sex-specific hybridization would imply modification of DNA structure during the sex-changing process. No sex-specific Bkm fragments were identified in our study, after digestion of DNA from 15 males and 11 adult females, despite the use of 12 different restriction enzymes. However, hybridization with Bkm did produce a distinct fingerprint pattern, similar to the fingerprint patterns described for other species after hybridization with GATA (GACA) type probes. In other experiments, the pDP1007 probe, which identifies the ZFY gene in the male-determining region of the human Y chromosome, generated identical hybridization patterns in DNA from males and females of A. squamipinnis and estimation of DNA mass by flow cytometry revealed identical genome sizes.Key words: Bkm satellite DNA, sex determination, sex change, ZFY, pDP1007, genome size.

scholarly journals Drosophila CLAMP is an essential protein with sex-specific roles in males and females

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Urban ◽  
Caroline A. Doherty ◽  
William T. Jordan ◽  
Jacob E. Bliss ◽  
Jessica Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Essential Protein ◽  
Msl Complex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractDosage compensation is a fundamental mechanism in many species that corrects for the inherent imbalance in X-chromosome copy number between XY males and XX females. In Drosophila melanogaster, transcriptional output from the single male X-chromosome is equalized to that of XX females by recruitment of the Male Specific Lethal (MSL) complex to specific sequences along the length of the X-chromosome. The initial recruitment of MSL complex to the X-chromosome is dependent on a recently discovered zinc finger protein called Chromatin-Linked Adapter for MSL Proteins (CLAMP). However, further studies on the in vivo function of CLAMP remained difficult because the location of the gene in pericentric heterochromatin made it challenging to create null mutations or deficiencies. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, we generated the first null mutant in the clamp gene that eliminates expression of CLAMP protein. We show that CLAMP is necessary for both male and female viability. While females die at the third instar larval stage, males die earlier, likely due to the essential role of CLAMP in male dosage compensation. Moreover, we demonstrate that CLAMP promotes dosage compensation in males and represses key male-specific transcripts involved in sex-determination in females. Our results reveal that CLAMP is an essential protein with dual roles in males and females, which together assure that dosage compensation is a sex-specific process.

scholarly journals Direct glia-to-neuron transdifferentiation gives rise to a pair of male-specific neurons that ensure nimble male mating

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Molina-García ◽  
Carla Lloret-Fernández ◽  
Steven J Cook ◽  
Byunghyuk Kim ◽  
Rachel C Bonnington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Innate Behaviour ◽  
One Step ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Direct Transdifferentiation ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Mating Sequence

Sexually dimorphic behaviours require underlying differences in the nervous system between males and females. The extent to which nervous systems are sexually dimorphic and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate these differences are only beginning to be understood. We reveal here a novel mechanism by which male-specific neurons are generated in Caenorhabditis elegans through the direct transdifferentiation of sex-shared glial cells. This glia-to-neuron cell fate switch occurs during male sexual maturation under the cell-autonomous control of the sex-determination pathway. We show that the neurons generated are cholinergic, peptidergic, and ciliated putative proprioceptors which integrate into male-specific circuits for copulation. These neurons ensure coordinated backward movement along the mate’s body during mating. One step of the mating sequence regulated by these neurons is an alternative readjustment movement performed when intromission becomes difficult to achieve. Our findings reveal programmed transdifferentiation as a developmental mechanism underlying flexibility in innate behaviour.

scholarly journals Male-specific CREB signaling in the hippocampus controls spatial memory deficits in a mouse model of autism and intellectual disability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Zamarbide ◽  
Adele Mossa ◽  
Molly K. Wilkinson ◽  
Heather L. Pond ◽  
Adam W. Oaks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders is biased towards males with male: female ratios of 2:1 in intellectual disability (ID) and 4:1 in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular mechanisms of such bias remain unknown. While characterizing a mouse model for loss of the signaling scaffold coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A (CC2D1A), which is mutated in ID and ASD, we identified biochemical and behavioral differences between males and females, and explored whether CC2D1A controls male-specific intracellular signaling.MethodsCC2D1A is known to regulate phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D). We tested for activation PDE4D and downstream signaling molecules such as CREB in the hippocampus of Cc2d1a-deficient mice. We then performed behavioral studies in females to analyze learning and memory, social interactions, anxiety and hyperactivity. Finally, we targeted PDE4D activation with a PDE4D inhibitor to define how changes in PDE4D and CREB activity affect behavior in males and females.ResultsWe found that in Cc2d1a-deficient males PDE4D is hyperactive leading to a reduction in CREB signaling, but this molecular deficit is not present in females. Cc2d1a-deficient females only show impairment in novel object recognition, and no other cognitive and social deficits that have been found in males. Restoring PDE4D activity using an inhibitor rescues male-specific cognitive deficits, but has no effect on females.ConclusionsOur findings show that CC2D1A regulates intracellular signaling in a male-specific manner in the hippocampus leading to male-specific behavioral deficits. We propose that male-specific signaling mechanisms are involved in establishing sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals The Size and Content of the Sex-Determining Region of the Y Chromosome in Dioecious Mercurialis annua, a Plant with Homomorphic Sex Chromosomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris Veltsos ◽  
Guillaume Cossard ◽  
Emmanuel Beaudoing ◽  
Genséric Beydon ◽  
Camille Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes ◽  
Dioecious Plants ◽  
Artificial Chromosomes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Y Chromosome Degeneration ◽  
Mercurialis Annua

Many dioecious plants have sex chromosomes that are cytologically heteromorphic, but about half of species lack cytological differences between males and females and are thus homomorphic. Very little is known about the size and content of the non-recombining sex-determining region (SDR) in these species. Here, we assess the size and content of the SDR of the diploid dioecious herb Mercurialis annua, which has homomorphic sex chromosomes and shows signatures of mild Y-chromosome degeneration. We used RNAseq to identify new Y-linked markers for M. annua. Twelve of 24 transcripts with male-specific and male-biased expression could only be PCR-amplified from males and are thus Y-linked. We found a further six Y-linked sequences that were present in males but not females using genome capture data from multiple populations. We used the Y-linked sequences to identify and sequence 17 sex-linked bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), which form 11 groups of non-overlapping sequence, covering a total sequence length of about 1.5 Mb. Content analysis of this region suggests it is enriched for repeats, has a low gene density and contains few candidate sex-determining genes. The BACs map to a subset of the sex-linked region of the genetic map, which is estimated to be at least 14.5 Mb. This is substantially larger than estimates for other dioecious plants with homomorphic sex chromosomes, especially given the small genome size of M. annua. Our data provide a rare, high-resolution view of the homomorphic Y chromosome of a dioecious plant.

Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Derivatization and Chromatography of N-Methylcarbamate Methoxy Derivatives Formed with Trimethylanilinium Hydroxide

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1456
Author(s):  
Leonard Ogierman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Synthetic Standard ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Carbamate insecticides injected into a gas-liquid chromatograph react with trimethylanilinium hydroxide to give derivatives that have good gas-liquid chromatographic properties. The substituted phenyl N-methylcarbamates give methoxy derivatives by this procedure. Chromatographic response was linear with increased concentration for the synthetic standard and the on-column methylation products of the examined substances. The standards obtained were identified by ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectroscopy, as well as by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral analysis.

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