scholarly journals Patched Knockout Mouse Models of Basal Cell Carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Nitzki ◽  
Marco Becker ◽  
Anke Frommhold ◽  
Walter Schulz-Schaeffer ◽  
Heidi Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Knockout Mouse ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Potential Use

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human tumor. Mutations in the hedgehog (HH) receptor Patched (PTCH) are the main cause of BCC. Due to their high and increasing incidence, BCC are becoming all the more important for the health care system. Adequate animal models are required for the improvement of current treatment strategies. A good model should reflect the situation in humans (i.e., BCC initiation due toPtchmutations on an immunocompetent background) and should allow for (i) BCC induction at a defined time point, (ii) analysis of defined BCC stages, and (iii) induction of BCC in 100% of animals. In addition, it should be easy to handle. Here, we compare several currently existing conventional and conditionalPtchknockout mouse models for BCC and their potential use in preclinical research. In addition, we provide new data using conditionalPtchflox/floxmice and theK5-Cre-ERT+/−driver.

scholarly journals Periocular basal cell carcinoma—current treatment concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Yongwei Guo ◽  
Alexander C. Rokohl ◽  
Adam Kopecky ◽  
Ludwig M. Heindl
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Concepts

Basaloid Follicular Hamartoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omie Mills ◽  
L. Brannon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
Periodic Monitoring

Abstract Basaloid follicular hamartoma is a benign lesion of important consideration because it can be mistaken both clinically and histologically for basal cell carcinoma. The formation of basaloid follicular hamartoma has been linked to a mutation in the patched gene, which is part of the same pathway implicated in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. While these hamartomas are considered benign lesions, malignant growths have been reported to arise within them, which raises the question, “Is basaloid follicular hamartoma a premalignant lesion?” Correct identification allows for periodic monitoring for malignant transformation, while sparing patients unnecessary surgery. Treatment strategies, including experimental therapies, are reviewed.

scholarly journals Basal Cell Carcinoma Destruction by a Concentrate of Proteolytic Enzymes Enriched in Bromelain: A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Lior Rosenberg ◽  
Adam J Singer ◽  
Yaron Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Face ◽  
Potential Use

Objectives: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer generally treated by a variety of surgical and non-surgical destructive therapies. A Concentrate of Proteolytic Enzymes Enriched in Bromelain (CPEEB) derived from the stems of pineapples is approved for use for debriding deep burns. Prior studies suggest that bromelain also has anti-tumor effects. We describe our preliminary off-label treatment experience using topical CPEEB for the destruction of six BCCs in three patients. Methods: CPEEB was self-applied by three patients on six different Morphea, nodular, and superficially invasive BCCs. The CPEEB was applied as a thin layer prior to bedtime and left for a period of 9-12 hours. The wound was then covered with a petrolatum-based ointment for the next 24 hours. Application of the CPEEB was repeated up to 5 times over the course of 10 days, during which the patients were monitored daily and reevaluated by a board-certified plastic surgeon. If necessary, the CPEEB was reapplied up to five additional times over the next 10-day period. If necessary, any remaining lesion was surgically excised (MOHS surgery). The patients were then followed for up to 1 year. Results: Six BCCs located on the face, neck, and extremities were self-treated by three patients with 2-6 CPEEB applications. All of the BCCs were completely removed after the CPEEB application. CPEEB application was associated with local irritation and mild itching pain which resolved untreated within hours. In one patient, two of the lesion’s sites were surgically excised after 6 months with no tumor cells noted on histopathology. None of the BCCs recurred over the next 1 year. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings are a proof-of-concept that a concentrate of proteolytic enzymes enriched in bromelain may be a safe and effective destructive treatment for basal cell carcinomas. Future studies on larger groups of BCC patients are necessary in order to elucidate the potential use of CPEEB for this indication.

scholarly journals Epidermal activation of Hedgehog signaling establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma by modulating skin immunity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Grund-Gröschke ◽  
Daniela Ortner ◽  
Antal B. Szenes-Nagy ◽  
Nadja Zaborsky ◽  
Richard Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Genetic Mouse Model ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

AbstractGenetic activation of Hedgehog (HH)/GLI signaling causes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a very frequent non-melanoma skin cancer. Small molecule targeting of the essential HH effector Smoothened (SMO) proved an efficient medical therapy of BCC, although lack of durable responses and frequent development of drug resistance pose major challenges to anti-HH treatments. In light of the recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, we analyzed in detail the possible immunosuppressive mechanisms in HH/GLI-induced BCC. Using a genetic mouse model of BCC, we identified profound differences in the infiltration of BCC lesions with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. Epidermal activation of HH/GLI led to an accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and to an increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1/PD-L1. Anti-PD1 monotherapy, however, did not reduce tumor growth, presumably due to the lack of immunogenic mutations in common BCC mouse models, as shown by whole-exome sequencing. BCC lesions also displayed a marked infiltration with neutrophils, the depletion of which unexpectedly promoted BCC growth. The results provide a comprehensive survey of the immune status of murine BCC and provide a basis for the design of efficacious rational combination treatments. This study also underlines the need for predictive immunogenic mouse models of BCC to evaluate in vivo the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies.

Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate: case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tonini ◽  
R. Rosini ◽  
A. Teppa ◽  
V. Aulenti ◽  
F. Kalantary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Prostatic Biopsy ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Prostate ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Biopsy Examination

Although most prostate carcinomas belong to the conventional acinar type, unusual variants have been reported. The adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumor with distinctive histopathologic features. There are quite few publications in the literature concerning the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this neoplasm. Methods. A 71-year-old man had an increased PSA value (5.11 ng/dL); the prostatic biopsy examination was positive for adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma. For this reason we proceeded with radical prostatectomy. The histology examination showed an acinar conventional carcinoma and adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma. At eight months the patient did not show any recurrence. Conclusions. Various histologic and immunohistochemical features are helpful in recognizing the adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate. Clinically, the only difference from a conventional adenocarcinoma is that the PSA value is usually normal or only slightly increased. This tumor has a biological potential that can result in metastases in some cases; the current treatment consists primarily in the surgical resection. A close, long-term follow-up is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals A Vismodegib Experience in Elderly Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8596
Author(s):  
Anna Passarelli ◽  
Giovanna Galdo ◽  
Michele Aieta ◽  
Tommaso Fabrizio ◽  
Antonio Villonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human tumor, and its incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Up until a few years ago, therapeutic options have been limited for patients with advanced BCC (including metastatic and locally-advanced BCC). Over the last few years, promising systemic therapies have been investigated for the treatment of advanced BCC. In particular, the Hedgehog signaling inhibition has shown remarkable results for this population. Hedgehog inhibitors, represented by vismodegib and sonidegib, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic BCC, with, generally, a good safety profile. Notwithstanding the late onset of BCC in the global population, associated with life expectancy increase, only a few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety profile of Hedgehog inhibitors in this complex and neglected population. Herein, we review the major mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of BCC focusing on the Hedgehog signaling pathway and its therapeutic role in the elderly population. Finally, we report two case reports of BCC elderly patients in order to demonstrate both efficacy and safety of the Hedgehog inhibitors.

Ultrastructure of Mouse Basal Cell Carcinoma Exhibiting Sebaceous Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Wade ◽  
Winslow G. Sheldon ◽  
James W. Townsend ◽  
William Allaben
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Sebaceous gland tumors and other tumors exhibiting sebaceous differentiation have been described in humans (1,2,3). Tumors of the sebaceous gland can be induced in rats and mice following topical application of carcinogens (4), but spontaneous mixed tumors of basal cell origin rarely occur in mice.

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