scholarly journals Sporotrichosis in Renal Transplant Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. e47-e49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gewehr ◽  
Bruno Jung ◽  
Valerio Aquino ◽  
Roberto C Manfro ◽  
Fábio Spuldaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Lipid Amphotericin B ◽  
General Aspects

The current report describes two renal transplant recipients who presented with sporotrichosis. In addition, the authors review the general aspects of sporotrichosis in renal transplant recipients reported in the literature. Sporotrichosis is a rare fungal infection in transplant patients and has been reported primarily in renal transplant recipients not treated with antifungal prophylaxis. Extracutaneous forms of sporotrichosis without skin manifestations and no previous history of traumatic injuries have been described in such patients and are difficult to diagnose. Renal transplant recipients with sporotrichosis described in the present report were successfully treated with antifungal therapy including amphotericin B deoxycholate, lipid amphotericin B formulations, fluconazole and itraconazole.

Human BK Polyomavirus Nephropathy (BKVN) In Non- Kidney-Transplant Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S118-S118
Author(s):  
Y Chen Wongworawat ◽  
C Zuppan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Bk Polyomavirus ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Renal Transplant Patients

Abstract Introduction/Objective Human BK polyomavirus nephropathy (BKVN) occurs in up to 10% of renal transplant recipients, and can result in graft loss. Transplant biopsy is the gold standard to diagnose BKVN, and SV40 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is helpful in confirming the diagnosis. BKVN is uncommon outside the setting of renal transplantation. To understand more about its occurrence in other contexts, we reviewed our renal biopsies files for cases of BKVN. Methods Our renal biopsy files for the past 20 years were reviewed for all cases with a diagnosis of BKVN or polyoma virus infection, and the clinical characteristics of the affected patients noted. Results Evidence of BKVN was found in 44 renal biopsies, of which 39 (86%) were renal transplant patients. Of the remaining five patients (14%), two had undergone heart transplantation, one lung transplantation, one was undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one patient had active HIV infection. All patients had elevated serum creatinine, and four out of five patients had documented BK viremia. Four of the five biopsies showed typical tubular injury with viral nuclear cytopathic changes (inclusions). In the lung transplant patient, the biopsy showed advanced chronic tubulointerstitial injury without distinct viral inclusions, but SV40 staining confirmed the presence of BK virus antigen. Conclusion The BKVN is distinctly uncommon outside the context of kidney transplantation. In our series, 14% of patients with BKVN were not kidney transplant recipients, but all were immune compromised in some fashion. The pathologic features of BKVN appear similar, regardless of whether the host is a renal transplant recipient or not. Although uncommon, it is important to consider the possibility of BKVN in non-renal transplant patients with persistent or progressive renal dysfunction.

scholarly journals CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ and CD8+CD28- Tregs in Renal Transplant Recipients: Phenotypic Patterns, Association With Immunosuppressive Drugs, and Interaction With Effector CD8+ T Cells and CD19+IL-10+ Bregs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa G. Aly ◽  
Eman H. Ibrahim ◽  
Hristos Karakizlis ◽  
Rolf Weimer ◽  
Gerhard Opelz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Acute Cellular Rejection ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Antibody Induction ◽  
Cellular Rejection

IntroductionGaps still exist regarding knowledge on regulatory cells in transplant recipients. We studied the phenotypic patterns of CD4+, CD8+CD28- Tregs, and CD19+IL-10+ Bregs in the blood of healthy controls (HC), end-stage kidney disease patients (ESKD), early and late stable renal transplant recipients (Tx), and transplant recipients with steroid-treated acute cellular rejection 1 week–3 months after successful treatment. We also investigated the relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the aforementioned regulatory cells in transplant recipients.MethodsWe recruited 32 HC, 83 ESKD, 51 early Tx, 95 late Tx, and 9 transplant patients with a recent steroid-treated acute cellular rejection. Besides CD19+IL-10+ Bregs, we analyzed absolute and relative frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs and CD8+CD28- Tregs and their expression of IL-10, TGF-ß, IFN-g, and Helios.ResultsWe found a negative correlation between absolute CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Treg and relative CD19+IL-10+ Breg frequencies in early Tx recipients (r=-0.433, p=0.015, n=31). In that group, absolute CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs were negatively associated with steroid dose and tacrolimus trough levels (r=-0.377, p = 0.021, n=37; r=-0.43, p=0.033, n=25, respectively), opposite to IL-10+ Bregs, whose frequency apparently was not negatively affected by potent immunosuppression early posttransplant. We found also lower CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs in patients treated with basiliximab or rATG as compared with ESKD patients (p=0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). No difference in absolute IL-10+ Bregs could be detected among these 3 patient groups. Early Tx recipients showed lower CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs within 3 months of antibody induction than after 3 months (p = 0.034), whereas IL-10+ Bregs showed higher relative counts during the first 3 months post antibody induction than after 3 months (p = 0.022). Our findings suggest that IL-10+ Bregs decrease with time posttransplantation independent of the effect of antibody induction and dose of other immunosuppressive drugs.ConclusionThese findings suggest that CD19+IL-10+ Bregs and CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs behave in opposite ways during the early posttransplant period, possibly due to a predominant negative impact of high doses of immunosuppressants on Tregs. CD19+IL-10+Bregs do not seem to be suppressed by antibody induction and early potent immunosuppression with chemical drugs.

Comparative Methylprednisolone Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Patients Receiving Double- or Triple-Drug Immunosuppression

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Tornatore ◽  
J. Joseph Walshe ◽  
Kris A. Reed ◽  
Mark T. Holdsworth ◽  
Rocco C. Venuto
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Renal Transplant Patients ◽  
Plasma Half Life

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics of chronic methylprednisolone therapy in renal transplant patients receiving double-drug (methylprednisolone and azathioprine) and triple-drug (methylprednisolone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine) immunosuppression. DESIGN: Parallel, randomized trial. PATIENTS: Fourteen renal transplant recipients (aged 29–65 y) evaluated in a public, university-affiliated hospital clinic. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received their chronic oral dose of methylprednisolone via a 10–20-minute intravenous infusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum methylprednisolone concentrations were determined by HPLC and were used to generate pharmacokinetic parameters for this drug. RESULTS: The mean daily methylprednisolone dosage was 19 ± 19 mg in the double-drug group and 9 ± 2 mg in the triple-drug group. Mean serum creatinine concentrations were 124 ± 44 and 124 ± 27 μmol/L, respectively. Mean methylprednisolone clearances were similar in both groups: 405 ± 205 (double-drug) and 373 ± 365 mL/h/kg (triple-drug) (p>0.05). Mean steady-state volume of distribution was 1.5 ± 0.8 L/kg in the double-drug group and 1.3 ± 0.8 L/kg in the triple-drug group (p>0.05). Plasma half-life ranged from 1.7 to 4.3 h (mean 2.7) in the double-drug group versus 1.4 to 3.4 h (mean 2.6) in the triple-drug group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that cyclosporine had no definitive influence on methylprednisolone disposition. The results reveal a wide variation in methylprednisolone metabolism in renal transplant recipients receiving either a double- or triple-drug immunosuppressive regimen. Typically, methylprednisolone is prescribed according to a standardized dosing protocol that assumes minimal interpatient variation. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic variability noted in this study may have important clinical implications regarding the development of chronic toxicity (e.g., osteoporosis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression) and the attainment of successful immunosuppression.

P1763TUBERCULOSIS IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECEPIENTS - DO RITUXIMAB AND OTHER IMMUNOSUPRESSION HAVE A ROLE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupma Kaul ◽  
Dharmendra Bhaduria ◽  
Narayan Prasad ◽  
Amit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Induction Agent ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background and Aims Rituximab is an anti CD 20 agent used widely in renal transplant recipients. Its use is associated with various infections;however, its association with Tuberculosis (TB) is not well established and has not been studied in post renal transplantation patients. Method This is a single centre, retrospective analysis of 56 renal transplant recipients who received rituximab for various reasons and 287 post renal transplant patients who did not receive rituximab during the study period from January 2013 to June 2017. The association between use of rituximab and incidence of TB was studied. Other factors associated with tuberculosis were also investigated. Results Baseline characteristics were similar in both the groups. Mean time for occurrence of TB was 18.4 + 10.6 months after renal transplantation. Rituximab use was not significantly associated with tuberculosis or any other infection. Higher number of rejection episodes (60% vs 32.72%, p=0.029) was the only factor associated with greater incidence of TB. However, no specific type of rejection was associated with tuberculosis. Use of plasmapheresis in post transplant period for treatment of humoral rejections was associated with significantly higher incidence of TB (33.33% vs 13.41%, p=0.031), however when pre- transplant plasmapheresis was also considered, there was no significant difference. The choice of induction agent was not associated with higher incidence of TB. Conclusion Use of rituximab is not associated with higher incidence of TB when compared to other immunosuppressive agents. Routine screening and prophylaxis may not be advisable especially in a country like India with high prevalence of TB; as it will further delay transplantation and may adversely affect the outcome of the patients.

De novomalignancies in renal transplant recipients: experience at a single center with 1882 transplant patients over 39 yr

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. E30-E36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Apel ◽  
Karin Walschburger-Zorn ◽  
Lothar Häberle ◽  
Sven Wach ◽  
Dirk G. Engehausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Transplant Patients

scholarly journals 2662. Methenamine Hippurate Decreases the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Renal Transplant Recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S931-S932
Author(s):  
Orlando Quintero ◽  
Yoram Puius ◽  
Vagish Hemmige
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common complication of renal transplantation. Methenamine hippurate is a non-antibiotic alternative that reduces the frequency of UTIs in selected non-transplant patients, but which is not recommended in renal insufficiency. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the efficacy of methenamine prophylaxis in our kidney transplant population, and identify subgroups for which efficacy is greatest. Methods Retrospective chart review of adult kidney transplant patients at Montefiore Medical Center who were prescribed methenamine during January 1, 2016–December 31, 2017, with extraction of clinical data in the year before and after prophylaxis. Variables included demographics, creatinine clearance and hemoglobin A1c levels at the time of prescription, incidence of UTIs as determined by standardized literature definitions, hospital admissions for infections, and antibiotic use. Results The incidence of UTIs per 1000 patient-days decreased significantly, from 9.66 (95% CI 7.53–12.40) the year before to 3.24 (95% CI 2.00–5.24) the year after (P < 0.001). The effect was significantly more pronounced in patients who were transplanted due to diabetic nephropathy, with a decreased incidence of 13.05 (95% Cl 10.00–17.02) UTIs/1000 patient-days to 2.90 (95% Cl 1.58–5.32) in diabetics (P < 0.001), vs. 5.50 (95% Cl 3.65–8.28) UTIs/1000 patient-days to 3.81 (95% Cl 1.70–8.55) in non-diabetics (P = 0.44). The number of days of antibiotics for UTIs per 1000 days also decreased significantly for all patients, from 128.58 (95% CI 94.87–174.28) the year before to 49.78 (95% CI 31.74–78.07) the year after (P = 0.001). No significant differences in efficacy were seen based on sex or renal function. Three patients with indwelling urinary catheters or who required intermittent catheterization did not appear to benefit Conclusion Methenamine prophylaxis decreases the incidence of UTIs and number of antibiotic days in adult renal transplant recipients. This effect was seen even in patients with reduced creatinine clearance. Patients with diabetes benefited the most. The small number of patients who required catheterization did not appear to benefit. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Donor CYP3A5 Gene Polymorphism Alone Cannot Predict Tacrolimus Intrarenal Concentration in Renal Transplant Recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2976
Author(s):  
Mengyu Zhang ◽  
Soichiro Tajima ◽  
Tomohiro Shigematsu ◽  
Rao Fu ◽  
Hiroshi Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Renal Metabolism ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Graft Outcome ◽  
Cyp3a5 Gene

CYP3A5 gene polymorphism in recipients plays an important role in tacrolimus blood pharmacokinetics after renal transplantation. Even though CYP3A5 protein is expressed in renal tubular cells, little is known about the influence on the tacrolimus intrarenal exposure and hence graft outcome. The aim of our study was to investigate how the tacrolimus intrarenal concentration (Ctissue) could be predicted based on donor CYP3A5 gene polymorphism in renal transplant recipients. A total of 52 Japanese renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus were enrolled in this study. Seventy-four renal biopsy specimens were obtained at 3 months and 1 year after transplantation to determine the donor CYP3A5 polymorphism and measure the Ctissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The tacrolimus Ctissue ranged from 52 to 399 pg/mg tissue (n = 74) and was weak but significantly correlated with tacrolimus trough concentration (C0) at 3 months after transplantation (Spearman, r = 0.3560, p = 0.0096). No significant relationship was observed between the donor CYP3A5 gene polymorphism and Ctissue or Ctissue/C0. These data showed that the tacrolimus systemic level has an impact on tacrolimus renal accumulation after renal transplantation. However, donor CYP3A5 gene polymorphism alone cannot be used to predict tacrolimus intrarenal exposure. This study may be valuable for exploring tacrolimus renal metabolism and toxicology mechanism in renal transplant recipients.

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