scholarly journals Global Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Type a Disease: Do We Need a New Vaccine?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ulanova
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
North American Indians ◽  
Global Epidemiology

Until recently, the significance of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia), in contrast to H. influenzae serotype b (Hib), has been largely underestimated. However, during the last decade, Hia was recognized as an important pathogen causing severe infections in young children with a high case-fatality rate comparable to Hib disease before the introduction of pediatric immunization against this infection. Remarkably, the highest incidence rates of invasive Hia disease have been found in some indigenous populations, such as North American Indians and Inuit of Alaska and Northern Canada, reaching the order of magnitude of the incidence rates of Hib in the pre-Hib vaccine era. The reasons for an increased susceptibility to Hia infection among some specific populations groups are unknown. The goal of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge on Hia global epidemiology and to discuss potential prevention of this infection using specific immunization.

scholarly journals Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type a in Northern Ontario First Nations communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Kelly ◽  
Raymond S. W. Tsang ◽  
Alanna Morgan ◽  
Frances B. Jamieson ◽  
Marina Ulanova
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Type A ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Seven epidemiologically unrelated cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) disease were identified in First Nations communities of Northwestern Ontario, Canada, in 2004–2008. In all cases, Hia was isolated from blood. The clinical presentation in most of the cases was moderately severe and all patients responded to antibiotic therapy. Laboratory analysis of Hia isolates from Northwestern Ontario indicated striking similarities in their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The findings are discussed in the context of current epidemiology of invasive Hia disease. Our data along with some published studies by others suggest an increased susceptibility to this infection among North American indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination on hospitalization for invasive disease in children fifteen years after its introduction in Italy

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (46) ◽  
pp. 6297-6301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Martinelli ◽  
Chiara Azzari ◽  
Paolo Bonanni ◽  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Elisabetta Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination

Epidemiology of Haemophilus Type B Invasive Disease in Childhood in Glasgow

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coggins ◽  
C.W. Shepherd ◽  
F. Cockburn
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
The United Kingdom

The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in childhood in Glasgow. A retrospective study has been made on the hospital records of 252 children aged 0 to 12 years admitted to Glasgow hospitals during 1981–1990. The annual incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Glasgow was estimated at 39 per 100,000 children less than five years of age per year. The figure for Haemophilus meningitis was 23.8 per 100,000 children less than five years of age per year. Ninety-five per cent of all cases occurred in children less than five years of age and 72.1% of meningitis cases occurred before two years of age. There was a mortality of 2.77%. Long-term neurological sequelae were found in 15.3% of the survivors. The annual incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease is slightly higher in Glasgow than previously reported for the United Kingdom. The study provides baseline data to help assess efficacy of proposed early childhood vaccination.

Disease Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Type b in the Immediate Period After Homologous Immunization: Immunologic Investigation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-704
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Sood ◽  
Robert S. Daum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Protein Conjugate

Several Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines have been licensed and recommended for administration to children in the United States. These vaccines have consisted of purified polyribosylribitol-phosphate (PRP), the capsular polysaccharide of H influenzae type b,1 alone or covalently bound to one of several carrier proteins. Two of these saccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are now licensed, a polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (PRP-D)2 and an oligosaccharide-mutant diphtheria toxin conjugate (HbOC).3 Two others, a polysaccharide- Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate (PRP-OMPC)4 and a polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T),5 are currently in clinical trials. One concern with the use of PRP vaccine was the suggestion that the incidence of invasive disease caused by H influenzae type b in the immediate period after immunization might be increased; this idea was supported by evidence from several sources. In a case-control study of the efficacy of PRP vaccine, Black et al6 found that 4 children were hospitalized for invasive disease within 1 week of immunization, a rate of invasive disease 6.4 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 19.2) than the background rate in unvaccinated children. In Minnesota, the relative risk for invasive disease in the first week after immunization was 6.2 (95% CI, 0.6 to 45.9),7 and the results of a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control in six areas of the United States revealed a 1.8-fold (95% CI, 0.3 to 10.2) increase in the occurrence of invasive disease caused by H influenzae type b in the first week after immunization.8 Moreover, among 16 cases of disease caused by H influenzae type b occurring within 14 days of immunization that were passively reported to the FDA,9 10 were clustered within the first 72 hours.

The Practice Of Pediatrics in the Era of Vaccines Effective Against Haemophilus influenzae Type b

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Givner ◽  
Charles R. Woods ◽  
Jon S. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject

The practice of pediatrics is forever altered when a vaccine is effective in dramatically reducing the incidence of (or even eradicating) an infectious disease. As the targeted disease is rapidly declining in incidence, there are often exciting changes in the practice of pediatrics, with far-reaching effects in the everyday treatment of patients. Such is the case now due to the effectiveness of the conjugated polysaccharide vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The resultant rapid decline in the incidence of invasive disease due to Hib during the past several years has been documented in numerous studies.1-3 The effects of this dramatic decline in Hib disease on the approach to children who have (presumed) infectious diseases are the subject of this editorial.

scholarly journals Case report of congenital asplenia presenting with Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) sepsis: an emerging pediatric infection in Minnesota

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Albrecht ◽  
Kristina Poss ◽  
Satja Issaranggoon Na Ayuthaya ◽  
Lori Triden ◽  
Katherine L. Schleiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Type A ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Disease Manifestation

Abstract Background In the pre-vaccine era, invasive disease with Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib) commonly presented with osteoarticular involvement. Haemophilus influenzae, type a (Hia) sepsis is a rare but emerging problem in recent years. Here, we report a case of sepsis with concomitant osteoarthritis due to Hia that was the presenting infectious disease manifestation of isolated asplenia in a young child. This unique observation adds to our understanding of sepsis and asplenia in children. Case presentation A five-year-old girl developed acute Hia bacteremia and sepsis. The patient developed arthritis shortly after onset of septic shock. Arthrocentesis was culture-negative, but given the difficulty differentiating between septic and reactive arthritis, prolonged antibiotic administration was provided for presumed osteoarticular infection, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. The finding of Howell-Jolly bodies on blood smear at the time of presentation prompted an evaluation that revealed isolated congenital asplenia. Evaluation for known genetic causes of asplenia was unrevealing. Investigation by the Minnesota Department of Health revealed an emergence of Hia infections over the past 5 years, particularly in children with an American Indian background. Conclusions Hia is an important pathogen in the differential diagnosis of invasive bacterial infections in children and shares overlap in clinical presentation and pathogenesis with Hib. Invasive Hia disease can be a presenting manifestation of asplenia in children. Hia is an emerging pathogen in American Indian children.

scholarly journals What's Happening With Haemophilus influenzae Type B Invasive Disease in Latin America Region? Argentina's Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Del Valle Juarez ◽  
Carolina Rancaño ◽  
Silvina Neyro ◽  
Cristian Biscayart ◽  
Nathalia Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Latin America Region

scholarly journals First Complete Genome Sequence of Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Iskander ◽  
Kristy Hayden ◽  
Gary Van Domselaar ◽  
Raymond Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serotype A

ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae is an important human pathogen that primarily infects small children. In recent years, H. influenzae serotype a has emerged as a significant cause of invasive disease among indigenous populations. Here, we present the first complete whole-genome sequence of H. influenzae serotype a.

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