scholarly journals Mixed Germ Cell Testicular Cancer with Left Ventricular Metastasis Presenting with Embolic Stroke and Small Bowel Tumor Seeding

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Srinath Sundararajan ◽  
Beth Braunhut ◽  
Frederick Ahmann ◽  
Amit Agarwal

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) metastasize in a very predictable fashion involving the retroperitoneal nodes first followed by hematogenous spread to distant organs like lungs, liver, and brain. Metastasis to heart is an extremely rare entity for GCT and fewer than 20 cases have been reported in the literature so far. We have summarized here a unique case of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with intracardiac metastasis resulting in systemic macroembolization to liver, spleen, brain, bowel and musculoskeletal tissues. This led to multiple adverse sequelae including ischemic stroke and bowel perforation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo

Testicular cancer is a relatively rare cancer that accountsfor approximately 1–1.5% of male cancers, and 90–95%of these cancers are testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs)[1]. TGCTs can be classified into two major histologicalcategories, namely, seminomatous germ cell tumor (SGCT)and nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NGCT). NGCTs,which include yolk sac tumors, embryonal cell carcinomas,teratomas, and choriocarcinomas, are different from SGCTswith regard to clinical characteristics and therapy required.Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type 1transmembrane protein that is considered to play a key rolein Alzheimer’s disease. It has multiple isoforms attributableto alternative splicing and is expressed in various types ofhuman cells. APP695 predominantly exists in the neuronswhereas other isoforms such as the APP751 and APP770are expressed in nonneuronal cells [2]. The biological roleof APP is not well understood. APP and its cleaved formshave been suggested to mediate various functions, includingcell adhesion [3], cell signaling [4], and cell growth [5–7].These functions are important in carcinogenesis, and APPexpression may be involved in the development of variouscancers [8–13].We have previously shown that APP is a primaryandrogen-responsive gene that promotes the growth of2 Advances in Urologyprostate cancer cells [14]. In the present study, we investigatedAPP immunoreactivity (IR) and APP mRNA expression inTGCTs and evaluated its clinical significance.


2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Edler von Eyben ◽  
Ebbe Lindegaard Madsen ◽  
Ole Blaabjerg ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Hans von der Maase ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chieffi

Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common solid malignancy occurring in young men between 20 and 34 years of age, and its incidence has increased significantly over the last decades. TGCTs can be subdivided into seminoma and nonseminoma germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), which includes yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, and teratoma. Seminomas and NSGCTs present significant differences in therapy, prognosis, and both show characteristics of the Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs). Methods: I undertook a search of bibliographic data from peer-reviewed research literature. Results: Seventy papers were included in the mini-review showing that a large number of new biomarkers have given further advantages to discriminate the different histotypes and could represent useful novel molecular targets for anticancer strategies. Conclusion: A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of TGCTs is likely to significantly improve not only our knowledge on stem cells and oncogenesis but also the disease management with more selective tumor treatment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Kalavska ◽  
Vincenza Conteduca ◽  
Ugo De Giorgi ◽  
Michal Mego

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common malignancy in men aged 15-35. Due to these tumors’ biological and clinical characteristics, they can serve as an appropriate system for studying molecular mechanisms associated with cisplatin-based treatment resistance. This review describes treatment resistance from clinical and molecular viewpoints. Cisplatin resistance is determined by various biological mechanisms, including the modulation of the DNA repair capacity of cancer cells, alterations to apoptotic cell death pathways, deregulation of gene expression pathways, epigenetic alterations and insufficient DNA binding. Moreover, this review describes TGCTs as a model system that enables the study of the cellular features of cancer stem cells in metastatic process and describes experimental models that can be used to study treatment resistance in TGCTs. All of the abovementioned aspects may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance and may help to identify promising new therapeutic targets.


2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S55-S56
Author(s):  
A Ullah ◽  
S Heneidi ◽  
P Biddinger ◽  
N Patel ◽  
C Wehrle ◽  
...  

Abstract Casestudy: Testicular tumors account for 1–2% of all tumors in men, with 95% of these being germ cell tumors. The main risk factor for the development of testicular cancer is cryptorchidism. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare sequela of testicular tumor associated with anti-Ma2 and KLH11 antibodies. The most effective treatment for paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is treatment of the primary malignancy. We present a 41-year-old male that presented to the emergency department with two weeks of episodic alteration of consciousness and memory disturbances. Negative neurologic evaluation and imaging led to concern for a paraneoplastic process from a distant malignancy. CT imaging revealed an enlarged, necrotic para-aortic lymph node and subsequent ultrasound demonstrated a right sided testicular mass. Right radical orchiectomy was performed. Microscopically, the mass consisted of mixed respiratory epithelium, gastrointestinal glands and squamous epithelium with keratinization consistent with a post-pubertal testicular teratoma with associated in-situ germ cell neoplasia. Resection of the para-aortic mass revealed large anaplastic cells with epithelioid features, nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitoses. Immunostaining was positive for Pan-Keratin and OCT4, consistent with poorly differentiated embryonal carcinoma. Resection of the primary and metastatic disease, as well as treatment with corticosteroids resulted in resolution of the encephalitis. This presentation of severe neurological disturbances in the setting of a metastatic mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor represents a rare presentation of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110247
Author(s):  
Hikmat Abdel-Razeq ◽  
Faris Tamimi ◽  
Rashid Abdel-Razeq ◽  
Samer Salah ◽  
Zaid Omari ◽  
...  

Malignancy, including testicular tumors, significantly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this study, we search for predictors that may help identify subgroups of patients at higher risk of VTE. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor and proven VTE were identified. Clinical and pathological features possibly associated with VTE were reviewed. A total of 322 patients, median age (range) 31 (18-76) years were identified. Tumors were mostly non-seminoma (n = 194, 60.2%), node-positive (n = 130, 40.4%) and 58 (18.0%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Venous thromboembolism were confirmed in 27 (8.4%) patients; however, rates were significantly higher ( P < 0.001) in patients with node-positive (18.5%), metastatic disease (22.4%), and those with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (21.3%). Rates were also significantly higher among those who received multiple lines of chemotherapy (27.5%) compared to those who received one line (13.8%) or none (<1.0%), P < 0.001. Patients with testicular tumors and high tumor burden, including nodal involvement, high LDH or metastatic disease, and those treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy have significantly higher rates of VTE.


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