scholarly journals Persistent Microalbuminuria in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Children in Kano, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Mudi ◽  
Bashir U. Alhaj ◽  
Fatimah Hassan-Hanga ◽  
Isah Adagiri Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Male To Female

Microalbuminuria has been reported to be a precursor of HIV related renal disease, which if detected early and coupled with appropriate intervention may slow or retard the progress of the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight HIV infected children aged 15 years and below were recruited from the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to determine the prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria using the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Early morning urine samples and spot urine samples were analyzed using a dipstick specific for microalbumin. Those who tested positive had their samples reanalyzed in the laboratory using immunometric assay and Jaffe reaction method for albumin and creatinine, respectively. Patients that had ACR of 30–300 mg/g were said to have microalbuminuria and had their urine samples retested after 6 to 8 weeks. Twelve children (6.7%) had persistent microalbuminuria and had a mean age of7.5±3.3years, with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1. There was no significant relationship between the finding of microalbuminuria and age, sex, duration of infection, and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Periodic screening for microalbuminuria using albumin specific dipstick should be considered for children with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Normalizes the Function of Progenitor Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Dam Nielsen ◽  
Annette Kjær Ersbøll ◽  
Lars Mathiesen ◽  
Jens Ole Nielsen ◽  
John‐Erik Stig Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Children: Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Blazevic ◽  
Shirley Jankelevich ◽  
Seth M. Steinberg ◽  
Freda Jacobsen ◽  
Robert Yarchoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on restoration of cellular immunity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children over a 24-week period following initiation of HAART with ritonavir, nevirapine, and stavudine. The immunological parameters evaluated at four time points (at enrollment and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy) included cytokine production by monocytes as well as T-cell proliferation in response to mitogen, alloantigen, and recall antigens including HIV type 1 envelope peptides. Circulating levels of interleukin-16 (IL-16) were measured, in addition to CD4+ T-cell counts, plasma HIV RNA levels, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. At enrollment the children exhibited defects in several immune parameters measured. Therapy increased CD4+ T-cell counts and decreased viral loads significantly. By contrast, the only immunological parameter that was significantly increased was IL-12 p70 production by monocytes; the DTH response to Candida albicans also showed a strong increase in patients becoming positive. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HAART in HIV-infected children affects the dynamics of HIV replication and the CD4+ T-cell count over 24 weeks, similar to the pattern seen in HIV-infected adults. Furthermore, these data indicate improvement in antigen-presenting cell immunological function in HIV-infected children induced by HAART.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT REGIMENS ON LIVER ENZYMES IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Adiga Sachidananda Mn ◽  
Adiga Usha S
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Slight Elevation ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with highly active antiretroviral therapy is complicated due to its effect on liver enzymes along with associated risk of opportunistic infection and its treatment. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of two zidovudine and lamivudine-based regimens on liver enzymes and to correlate them with age and CD4 count in HIV patients.Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who have received zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (ZLN) or zidovudine+lamivudine+efavirenz (ZLE) at least for 1 year were included. Baseline, 6-month, and 1-year values of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and CD4 count were collected. One-way analysis of variance and unpaired t-test were used to compare the difference in AST, ALT, and CD4 count value within basal, 6 months, and 1 year of two group and between the groups, respectively. Pearson’s correlation was used for correlation study.Results: Elevation of AST levels in patients who had received ZLN regimen at different interval was significant statistically. There was a statistically significant elevation of ALT level at 6 months. There was no significant change in AST and ALT values in patients who had received ZLE regimen. Between the two regimens, there was statistically significant difference in AST and ALT values at 6 months and 1 year. There was no correlation between age and CD4 count with liver enzymes.Conclusion: We conclude from the study that nevirapine containing zidovudine regimen showed a slight elevation in AST. The efavirenz regimen did not show a change in AST and ALT.

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

scholarly journals Successful management of HIV infection in a patient with ulcerative colitis; a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e17-e17
Author(s):  
Zain Majid ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed Khan ◽  
Hina Ismail ◽  
Nishat Akbar ◽  
Rajesh Mandhwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infectious disease that is rarely seen in ulcerative colitis patients. Both diseases commonly involve the colon. It has been shown that treating these patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy leads to remission of both conditions. We hereby present the case of a 7-year-old boy who was initially managed as a case ulcerative colitis after undergoing extensive workup and later on tested positive for HIV infection and was managed via mesalamine and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Mesalamine therapy along with HAART can be used to treat ulcerative colitis patients infected with HIV infection in resource limited countries.

scholarly journals Excisional lipectomy versus liposuction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
Natalie Barton ◽  
Ryan Moore ◽  
Karthik Prasad ◽  
Gregory Evans
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fat Redistribution ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Haart Therapy

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy is a known consequence of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a significant number of patients on HAART therapy were left with the stigmata of complications, including fat redistribution. Few studies have described the successful removal of focal areas of lipohypertrophy with successful outcomes. This manuscript reviews the outcomes of excisional lipectomy versus liposuction for HIV-associated cervicodorsal lipodystrophy.Methods We performed a 15-year retrospective review of HIV-positive patients with lipodystrophy. Patients were identified by query of secure operative logs. Data collected included demographics, medications, comorbidities, duration of HIV, surgical intervention type, pertinent laboratory values, and the amount of tissue removed.Results Nine male patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy underwent a total of 17 procedures. Of the patients who underwent liposuction initially (n=5), 60% (n=3) experienced a recurrence. There were a total of three cases of primary liposuction followed by excisional lipectomy. One hundred percent of these cases were noted to have a recurrence postoperatively, and there was one case of seroma formation. Of the subjects who underwent excisional lipectomy (n=4), there were no documented recurrences; however, one patient’s postoperative course was complicated by seroma formation.Conclusions HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a disfiguring complication of HAART therapy with significant morbidity. Given the limitations of liposuction alone as the primary intervention, excisional lipectomy is recommended as the primary treatment. Liposuction may be used for better contouring and for subsequent procedures. While there is a slightly higher risk for complications, adjunctive techniques such as quilting sutures and placement of drains may be used in conjunction with excisional lipectomy.

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