scholarly journals Methylphenidate Efficacy: Immediate versus Extended Release at Short Term in Mexican Children with ADHD Assessed by Conners Scale and EEG

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Durand-Rivera ◽  
Efren Alatorre-Miguel ◽  
Elizabeth Zambrano-Sánchez ◽  
Celia Reyes-Legorreta
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Extended Release Formulation ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dsm Iv

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5-6% of school aged children worldwide. Pharmacological therapy is considered the first-line treatment and methylphenidate (MPH) is considered the first-choice medication. There are two formulations: immediate release (IR) MPH and long-acting (or extended release) formulation (MPH-ER). In this work, we measure the efficacy of treatment for both presentations in one month with Conners’ scales and electroencephalography (EEG).Results. for IR group, in parents and teachers Conners test, all items showed significant differences, towards improvement, except for teachers in perfectionism and emotional instability. For ER group in parent’s Conners test, the items in which there were no significant differences are psychosomatic and emotional instability. For teachers, there were no significant differences in: hyperactivity and perfectionism. Comparing the Conners questionnaires (parents versus teachers) we find significant differences before and after treatment in hyperactivity, perfectionism, psychosomatics, DSM-IV hyperactive-impulsive, and DSM-IV total. In the EEG the Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference(P<0.0001). As we can see, both presentations are suitable for managing the ADHD and have the same effect on the symptomatology and in the EEG.

scholarly journals PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF OLOPATADINE 10 MG EXTENDED RELEASE TABLET IN COMPARISON WITH OLOPATADINE 5 MG IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET IN INDIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
SAIYED ZEYAUL ABRAR HUSAIN ◽  
ARSHAD KHUROO ◽  
AMIT MARWAH ◽  
DIVYA VOHORA
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Extended Release Formulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olopatadine Hydrochloride ◽  
Release Tablet

Objective: This study was designed to assess the pharmacokinetics of single dose of olopatadine hydrochloride 10 mg extended release (ER) tablet of Ranbaxy laboratories limited (two test formulations) with two doses of Allelock® 5 mg immediate release (IR) tablets of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd. (reference formulation R), in healthy, adult, Indian male subjects under fed condition. Methods: Fifteen healthy male volunteers, 26.07±6.62 y in age and 57.17±6.68 kg in body weight, were divided into three groups and received either olopatadine hydrochloride 10 mg ER tablet or two doses of Allelock® 5 mg tablets in each period. Blood samples were taken at predetermined time points and plasma concentrations of olopatadine were monitored by liquid chromatography mass spectrometric (LCMS/MS). Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters AUC0-t, AUC0-24, AUC0-∞, and Cmax were calculated for olopatadine using WinNonlin. A statistical analysis was performed on PK data using SAS system. Results: The ER formulations showed a similar AUC as compared to the IR formulation and there was no statistically significant difference in AUC of test formulation A and B and reference R. The ratios of AUC0-t, AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ for A/R were 91.08, 94.90 and 91.32 and for B/R were 89.63, 93.95 and 89.63 respectively. The ER formulations reported a higher Cmax value as compared to IR formulation. The ratios of Cmax for A/R and B/R were 151.09 and 167.96 respectively. But these higher Cmax values did not pose any safety issue as there were no serious adverse events reported during the study. Conclusion: In conclusion, we can say that though the study drugs did not meet the bioequivalence criteria set by regulatory agencies, but this study gave an insight about PK properties of olopatadine extended release formulation and given an idea about effect of smoking on the PK profile of olopatadine which can be studied in future.

Pharmacokinetic simulation for switching from galantamine immediate-release to extended-release formulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy P. Hing ◽  
Vladimir Piotrovsky ◽  
Hui Kimko ◽  
H. Robert Brashear ◽  
Qinying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Extended Release Formulation

scholarly journals Pramipexole and its Extended Release Formulation for Parkinson's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S5210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Motor Fluctuations ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Extended Release Formulation ◽  
Release Preparation ◽  
Early Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Release Form

Pramipexole has been a widely used dopamine agonist for the last decade. Recently an extended release formulation of pramipexole has been introduced as both monotherapy for patients with early Parkinson's disease as well as for patients with more advanced disease, as an adjunct to L-DOPA. Along with the enhanced patient compliance seen with once a day dosing, there are other potential advantages of extended release preparations of dopamine agonists. Patients initiated on pramipexole have a lower incidence of developing motor fluctuations including dyskinesia than those initiated on L-DOPA. Pramipexole requires a prolonged dose titration compared to L-DOPA, and generally does not have the efficacy of L-DOPA. The extended release form of pramipexole shows comparable mean and peak serum levels with once a day dosing as seen with three times a day dosing of the immediate release preparation. The extended release preparation has been studied in randomized multicenter clinical trial against both placebo and the immediate release preparation in the setting of early Parkinson's disease as monotherapy and in more advanced patients with motor fluctuations on L-DOPA. In both settings the extended release preparation was superior to placebo and comparable to the immediate release form in efficacy with a similar side effect profile including nausea, sleepiness, leg edema, dyskinesias, hallucinations and impulse control disorders.

scholarly journals Tacrolimus Intrapatient Variability After Switching From Immediate or Prolonged-Release to Extended-Release Formulation, After an Organ Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Del Bello ◽  
Clotilde Gaible ◽  
Nathalie Longlune ◽  
Anne-Laure Hebral ◽  
Laure Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Extended Release Formulation ◽  
Before And After

Background and Purpose: Several formulations of tacrolimus are available, but evidence of the benefit of changing to the most recent formulations is lacking. Tacrolimus intra-patient variability (tacrolimus IPV) is an emerging risk factor associated with poor graft outcomes after solid organ transplantations. Here, we examined the modifications of tacrolimus IPV after switching to a different formulation of tacrolimus.Experimental Approach: We identified 353 solid organ transplant recipients that were switched in our center from immediate-release (IR-tacrolimus) or prolonged-release tacrolimus (PR-tacrolimus) to extended-release, LCP-tacrolimus (LCP-tacrolimus). Among them, 54 patients underwent at least 3 available tacrolimus blood concentrations before and after the switch, allowing us to investigate tacrolimus IPV.Key Results: The switch was considered as a safe procedure since only four of the 353 patients presented a graft rejection after the switch, and no patient was hospitalized for tacrolimus overdose. The tacrolimus IPV estimated by the coefficient of variation (CV-IPV) was stable before and after the switch to LCP-tacrolimus (CV-IPV: 29.0% (IQR 25–75 (15.5; 38.5) before and 24.0% (15.8; 36.5) after the switch, p = 0.65).Conclusion and Implications: Switching from IR- or PR-tacrolimus to LCP-tacrolimus is a safe procedure. However, the CV-tacrolimus IPV was not impacted by the change of formulation.

scholarly journals Levetiracetam Extended Release as Adjuvant Therapy for the Control of Partial-onset Seizures

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S4126
Author(s):  
Hasan H. Sonmezturk ◽  
Nabil J. Azar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
First Line ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Seizure Reduction ◽  
Extended Release Formulation ◽  
Clonic Seizures

Extended release (XR) formulation of levetiracetam (LEV) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an add-on to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for adults with partial onset seizures. This is based on class-I evidence demonstrating significant seizure reduction in once daily dosing. Keppra-XR is marketed with the brand name of Keppra XR since 2008 (UCB Pharma). Its original immediate release (IR) formulation has been in the market since 2000. LEV has a unique molecular structure which is chemically unrelated to existing AEDs. The precise mechanism of action is unknown. Animal studies showed binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, thought to be involved in modulating synaptic neurotransmitter release. LEV-IR is proven effective as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures. It was shown to be equivalent to carbamazepine as first-line treatment for partial-onset seizures. The extended release formulation added advantages such as better tolerance and increased compliance.

scholarly journals Pramipexole Extended Release: A Novel Treatment Option in Parkinson's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Eisenreich ◽  
Bernd Sommer ◽  
Sebastian Hartter ◽  
Wolfgang H. Jost
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Extended Release Formulation

Pramipexole, the most commonly prescribed dopamine agonist worldwide, meanwhile serves as a reference substance for evaluation of new drugs. Based on numerous clinical data and vast experiences, efficacy and safety profiles of this non-ergoline dopamine agonist are well characterized. Since October 2009, an extended-release formulation of pramipexole has been available for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pramipexole administration can be cut down from three times to once a day due to the newly developed extended-release formulation. This is considerable progress in regard to minimizing pill burden and enhancing compliance. Moreover, the 24 h continuous drug release of the once-daily extended-release formulation results in fewer fluctuations in plasma concentrations over time compared to immediate-release pramipexole, given three times daily. The present study summarizes pharmacokinetics and all essential pharmacological and clinical characteristics of the extended-release formulation. In addition, it provides all study data, available so far, with regard to transition and de-novo administration of extended-release formulation for patients with Parkinson's disease. It further compares efficacy and safety data of immediate-release pramipexole with the extended-release formulation of pramipexole.

Evaluation of Weight-Based Dose During Transition From Immediate-Release to Extended-Release Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Recipients

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110210
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Magid ◽  
Scott Sanoff ◽  
Hui-Jie Lee ◽  
Zidanyue Yang ◽  
Jennifer Byrns
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Therapeutic Level ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dosing Strategies

Background: Manufacturer recommendations for conversion from immediate-release to extended-release tacrolimus, Envarsus XR®, suggests 80% of the total daily dose of the immediate-release formulation. This conversion has not consistently achieved therapeutic levels in the kidney transplant population. Objectives: To determine if a reliable weight-based dosing strategy could be utilized to transition kidney transplant patients from immediate-release to extended-release tacrolimus. This may help establish a safe protocol to guide transition between formulations. Methods: Retrospective, single-center study of adult kidney transplant recipients between July 2015 and December 2018. Excluded patients received dual organs, lacked appropriately drawn tacrolimus levels, or were prescribed interacting medications. Patients were identified by querying prescriptions for extended-release tacrolimus and chart review was performed to exclude any patients without sufficient follow-up after transition. Results: 30 patients who transitioned from immediate-release tacrolimus to tacrolimus XR were included in the final analysis. The median weight-based dose of tacrolimus XR that achieved a therapeutic level among the cohort was 0.158 mg/kg/day (Q1-Q3: 0.0587-0.221), which was about 80% of the original median weight-based immediate-release tacrolimus dose. Therapeutic dosing strategies were widely variable, represented by an R2 of 0.33 on linear regression. There was a statistically significant difference in median weight-based dosing strategies among patients of various racial backgrounds (p = 0.0148). Conclusions: A weight-based dose of tacrolimus XR could not reliably predict a therapeutic level among the total cohort due to the wide inter-patient variability. The median weight-based rate of conversion from immediate-release to extended-release tacrolimus was 80%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document