scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Monitoring in Software Defined Wireless Sensor Networks Using Reinforcement Learning: A Prototype

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Huang ◽  
Xiaoli Chu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yu Hen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Monitoring Applications

Software defined wireless networks (SDWNs) present an innovative framework for virtualized network control and flexible architecture design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, the decoupled control and data planes and the logically centralized control in SDWNs may cause high energy consumption and resource waste during system operation, hindering their application in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a software defined WSN (SDWSN) prototype to improve the energy efficiency and adaptability of WSNs for environmental monitoring applications, taking into account the constraints of WSNs in terms of energy, radio resources, and computational capabilities, and the value redundancy and distributed nature of data flows in periodic transmissions for monitoring applications. Particularly, we design a reinforcement learning based mechanism to perform value-redundancy filtering and load-balancing routing according to the values and distribution of data flows, respectively, in order to improve the energy efficiency and self-adaptability to environmental changes for WSNs. The optimal matching rules in flow table are designed to curb the control signaling overhead and balance the distribution of data flows for achieving in-network fusion in data plane with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Experiment results show that the proposed SDWSN prototype can effectively improve the energy efficiency and self-adaptability of environmental monitoring WSNs with QoS.

scholarly journals A Cross-Layer Design Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks with Environmental Monitoring Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Monitoring Applications

In the past few years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming more and more attractive because they can provide services that are not possible or not feasible before. In this paper, we address the design issues of an important type of WSNs, i.e., WSNs that enable environmental monitoring applications. We first provide an overview and analysis for our ongoing research project about a WSN for coastal-area acoustic monitoring. Based on the analysis, we then propose a cross-layer design framework for future WSNs that provide environmentalmonitoring services. The focus of the framework is the network layer design and the key idea of the framework is to fully understand and exploit both the physical layer characteristics and the requirements of upper layer applications and services. Particularly, for the physical layer characteristics, our framework 1) can enable advanced communication technologies such as cooperative communication and network coding; 2) can utilize the transmission characteristics for identifying/authenticating asender; and 3) can exploit the communication pattern as a mean of sensing. For the requirements of applications and services, our framework 1) is service-oriented; 2) can enable distributed applications; 3) can utilize the fact that many applications do not have strict delay constraints. To illustrate the advantages of the framework, we also conduct a case study that may be a typical scenario in the near future. We believe that our study in this work can provide a guideline for future WSN design.

Self-Adapting Event Configuration in Ubiquitous Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Steffen Ortmann ◽  
Michael Maaser ◽  
Peter Langendoerfer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Event Definition

Wireless Sensor Networks are the key-enabler for low cost ubiquitous applications in the area of homeland security, health-care, and environmental monitoring. A necessary prerequisite is reliable and efficient event detection in spite of sudden failures and environmental changes. Due to the fact that the sensors need to be low cost, they have only scarce resources leading to a certain level of failures of sensor nodes or sensing devices attached to the nodes. Available fault tolerant solutions are mainly customized approaches that revealed several shortcomings, particularly in adaptability and energy efficiency. The authors present a complete event detection concept including all necessary steps from formal event definition to autonomous device configuration. It features an event definition language that allows defining complex events as well as enhance the reliability by tailor-made voting schemes and application constraints. Based on that, this paper introduces a novel approach for self-adapting on-node and in-network processing, called Event Decision Tree (EDT). EDT autonomously adapts to available resources and environmental conditions, even though it requires to (re-)organize collaboration between neighboring nodes for evaluation. The authors’ approach achieves fine-grained event-related fault tolerance with configurable adaptation rate while enhancing maintainability and energy efficiency.

scholarly journals A Data-Gathering, Dynamic Duty-Cycling MAC Protocol for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Fei Tong ◽  
Yuyang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Duty Cycling ◽  
Packet Delivery

This paper presents a Data-gathering, Dynamic Duty-cycling (D3) protocol for wireless sensor networks. With a proposed duty-cycling MAC of high energy efficiency in D3, a routing scheme is naturally embedded to reduce protocol overhead. A packet can be forwarded in a pipelined fashion by staggering the sleep-wakeup schedules between two communicating nodes, which can significantly reduce end-to-end delay to meet real-time transmission requirements. To construct and maintain schedules, a grade and schedule establishment mechanism with a lightweight schedule error correction scheme is designed. In addition, based on the intrinsic characteristics of the network, an adaptive schedule maintenance scheme is proposed to dynamically adjust the node duty cycle to the network traffic load. The results based on the extensive OPNET simulations show that D3 can largely improve packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency and throughput, and reduce packet delivery latency.

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