scholarly journals R990G Polymorphism of Calcium Sensing Receptor Gene Is Associated with High Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Majid ◽  
Aysha Habib Khan ◽  
Tariq Moatter
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), R990G and A986S of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) gene, are shown to influence response of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in subjects with optimal vitamin D levels. This cross-sectional study was conducted in subjects with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to observe associations between CaSR polymorphisms, plasma iPTH, and serum calcium levels. Adult females (n=140) with known VDD, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and calcium levels were recruited for genotype analysis. The frequencies of the 986 alleles GG, GT, and TT were 68%, 25%, and 7%, respectively, whereas the frequencies of the 990 alleles AA, AG, and GG were 80%, 8.9%, and 11.1%, respectively. The subjects with GG genotype of R990G polymorphism had higher iPTH levels (148.65 versus 91.47 and 86.1 pg/mL for GG versus AA, AG, resp.,P= 0.008 ) and lower calcium levels (8.4 versus 9.04 and 9.07 mg/dL for GG versus AA, AG, resp.,P= 0.002). No such association of A986S polymorphism with plasma iPTH or serum calcium levels was observed in the present study. Patients with VDD bearing the GG genotype of R990G SNPs are prone to have higher iPTH levels and lower calcium.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of a Blunted Parathyroid Hormone Response in Young Saudi Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanan Al Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Saudi Women

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among the Saudi population. Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is an appropriate homeostatic response to correct the resultant hypocalcemia. However, not all vitamin D deficiency patients have increased PTH levels. This study determined the prevalence of a blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency among apparently healthy young Saudi women and assessed anthropometric and biochemical factors associated with this response by performing a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted at the “Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis research.” Overall, 315 women (aged 20–45 years) with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <30 nmol/L) were included. They were divided into two groups according to the laboratory cutoff value of PTH (<7 or ≥7 pmol/L), and anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of both groups were compared. Women with a blunted PTH response (n = 62, 19.7%) had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) ( P < 0.001 ) and smaller waist circumference ( P = 0.001 ). They also had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D ( P = 0.001 ), corrected serum calcium ( P < 0.001 ), and phosphate ( P = 0.003 ) levels than those with an elevated PTH response (n = 253, 80.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that lower BMI (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.949–0.987) and higher 25(OH)D (OR = 1.068; 95% CI: 1.014–1.124) and serum calcium (OR = 8.600; 95% CI: 1.614–45.809) levels were significantly associated with a blunted PTH response (R2 = 0.178). A blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency is mainly observed among women with lower BMI. Higher serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels and lower BMI were significant predictors of a blunted PTH response, which may indicate that these subjects are adapting to lower 25(OH)D levels and maintaining normal calcium levels without the need to increase PTH secretion. The mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unclear, and future studies to explore these mechanisms are warranted.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status of Epileptic Children in India: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e87-e92
Author(s):  
Chandrika Azad ◽  
Vishal Guglani ◽  
Jasbinder Kaur ◽  
Roosy Aulakh ◽  
Sukhvinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is prevalent all over the world, especially in tropical countries. In epileptics, antiepileptic drugs (AED) and associated comorbidities further impact vitamin D status. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in epileptic children and evaluate probable risk factors. A cross-sectional study of 200 children between 1 and 18 years of age on AED was undertaken in the pediatric neurology clinic of a tertiary care center of Northern India. In all children, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were estimated. The deficiency levels of vitamin D were categorized as: deficiency <20 ng/mL, insufficiency 20 to 30 ng/mL, and sufficiency >30 ng/mL. The potential risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, including type of epilepsy, AED regimen (specific medications, polytherapy vs. monotherapy), cerebral palsy, ambulatory status, intellectual disability, body mass index, gender, and vegetarianism were examined. Among the 200 enrolled children (60% boys), 106/200 (53%) were vitamin D deficient. There was no significant relation of vitamin D levels with gender, type of epilepsy, neurological deficit, and type of AED. An inverse relationship of higher phenytoin doses during monotherapy associated with lower vitamin D levels in monotherapy was found, thereby suggesting adverse effect of high doses of phenytoin on vitamin D levels. VDD is common among epileptic children on AED therapy. Vitamin D deficiency is common prevalent among epileptic children on AED therapy, and its detection and treatment correction should be an integral part of epilepsy management.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency in children with bronchial asthma in southern Jordan: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052097424
Author(s):  
Enas Al-Zayadneh ◽  
Nedal Awad Alnawaiseh ◽  
Salma Ajarmeh ◽  
Areej Hamed Altarawneh ◽  
Eman M Albataineh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Objectives To assess serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH vitamin D) levels in Jordanian children with bronchial asthma, and to examine correlations between 25-OH vitamin D levels and asthma severity and control. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paediatric Chest Clinic, Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Southern Jordan, between May 2015 and February 2016. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was determined in children aged 1–14 years diagnosed with bronchial asthma (6–14 years) or recurrent wheezing episodes (<6 years). Asthma severity was determined based on the Global Initiative for Asthma assessment, the Asthma Control Test, and the Childhood Asthma Control Test. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with low and normal 25-OH vitamin D levels, and correlations between asthma severity and 25-OH vitamin D level were assessed. Results Out of 98 included children, 25-OH vitamin D levels were deficient and insufficient in 41 (41.8%) and 34 (34.7%) children, respectively. Only 23 (23.5%) had sufficient 25-OH vitamin D levels. A significant correlation was found between severity of asthma symptoms and 25-OH vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion 25-OH vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Jordanian children with bronchial asthma and correlates significantly with asthma severity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Related Serum Markers as Well as Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study in Western Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Moghimi ◽  
Ali Faridfar ◽  
Reza Shahriarirad ◽  
Mohsen Nikandish ◽  
Amirhossein Salimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction: Many studies have reported the role of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which is related to several serum autoantibodies such as RF and Anti CCP. It also has been shown that vitamin D deficiency affect the DAS28 and VAS score inversely. Therefore, we aim to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and RA-related autoantibodies including Anti CCP and RF levels and also evaluate the association between these parameters and the severity of disease.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, RA patients over 16 years of age were enrolled. The severity of diseases was assessed via the DAS28 scoring system. Serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were determined by the ELISA method, along with other rheumatoid related laboratory evaluations including Anti CCP, RF and CRPResults: A total of 100 patients with a mean age of 45.27± 14.14 were included and evaluated; of them, 75% were female and 77% lived in the city. Most of the patients (66%) had moderate DAS28 levels; however, no substantial relationship was observed between DAS28 and vitamin D levels. A significant positive relation between serum 25(OH)D level and disease duration, as well as the level of education, was observed. There was also no significant correlation between RA-related autoantibodies and inflammatory serum marker with 25(OH)D.Conclusion: Due to vitamin deficiency in the majority of cases (73%) and the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and the duration of disease, it can be concluded that vitamin D levels should be checked in those patients.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneethakrishnan Suganthan ◽  
Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽  
Vithegi Kesavan ◽  
Mahalingam Aravinthan ◽  
Nadarajah Rajeshkannan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is common among post-menopausal women and it is important to treat vitamin D deficiency to prevent falls and fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Few studies examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population of Sri Lanka but no studies to date done among post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. This is the first study of such kind conducted to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels and factors related to Vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women.Methodology Hospital based Cross -sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Unit, Teaching Hospital from January to December 2018.During the study period 105 postmenopausal women registered for DEXA scan with Endocrine Unit were recruited to the study. Data collection was done by investigators and blood sample was taken from each participant by registered nursing officers and sample was analysed by using immunohistochemistry assays. Serum Vitamin D levels were categorized and data analysis was done using SPSS 26.Results Mean age of 105 postmenopausal women was 67.7 with minimum 33 and maximum 84 years. Mean Vitamin D levels were 27.5(range11.7-52.5ng/ml). Vitamin D levels were adequate in only 36.2% (95%CI: 27.4-45.7) of women, 44% had insufficient levels and deficiency was present in 19% (95%CI: 12.4-27.4) of participants. Among the 105 women 20% were vegetarian and 53% of them consuming milk on average 3 days per week, 76.2% consuming fish on average 2 days per week, 64.8% consuming egg on average 1 day per week. Furthermore seventy five participants (71.4%) reported adequate level of sun exposure (>30minutes).Commonly reported vitamin deficiency symptoms includes paraesthesia (57.1%),bone pain (55.2%), easy fatigability (54.3%), malaise (51.4%), muscle cramps (43.8%) and proximal myopathy (40.0%).Among 71(66.7%) completed bone density assessment,38% (27.3-49.7) of them showed osteoporosis range. Vertebral Z score showed a significant correlation with vitamin D level(r-0.252, P-0.034).Conclusion Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is relatively high among the post-menopausal women with a provisional diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is essential to correct vitamin D deficiency with supplementation when initiating treatment for osteoporosis. So vitamin D testing is desirable in decision making to treat or not to treat.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D deficiency in lower extremity and pulmonary venous thromboembolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 3107-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatereh Dehghani ◽  
Aygin Nowrouzi ◽  
Amir Hossein Pourdavood ◽  
Zhila Rahmanian
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency increases inflammation and dysfunction of pancreas betacells, resulting in atherosclerotic disorders, cerebrovascular disorder, and CVDs. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, vitamin D was evaluated in the plasma of 42 patients with lower extremity DVT or PE, as well as 42 healthy controls. Using the chemiluminescence assay, the plasma vitamin D levels were determined. After collection, the blood samples were examined within 60 minutes. Vitamin D levels were classified as sufficient, insufficient, and deficient (> 30 ng/mL, 20- 29 ng/mL, and < 20 ng/mL, respectively). Results: The prevalence of deficiency in vitamin D was higher in the cases than the controls. The two groups were significantly different regarding vitamin D levels (p = 0.024). Based on the vitamin D classification, deficiency was reported in 30 (71.4%) patients and 18 (42.9%) controls. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that VTE patients had lower concentration of vitamin D, and the correlation between VTE and vitamin D deficiency was confirmed.  

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian children with bronchial asthma : a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas Al-Zayadneh ◽  
Nedal Awad Alnawaiseh ◽  
Salma Ajarmeh ◽  
Areej Hamed Altarawneh ◽  
Eman M. Albataineh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Background : Asthma is the most common chronic diseases that affect children and its prevalence is increasing worldwide posing a great burden on healthcare systems. A growing body of evidence suggests an association between vitamin D deficiency and asthma. The current study aimed to assess serum vitamin D level in Jordanian children with bronchial asthma and to examine the correlation between vitamin D levels and asthma severity and control. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Chest Clinic at AlKarak Governmental Hospital South of Jordan from May 2015 to February 2016. Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D was determined for 98 Children aged 1 to 14 years and diagnosed with bronchial asthma (6-14years) or recurrent wheezing episodes(<6 years). The severity of asthma was determined based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) assessment, the Asthma Control test (ACT) and the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). The results were considered significant if P ≤.05. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21 (IBM, Armonk, NY, United States of America, 2012). Results : Vitamin D levels were deficient and insufficient in 41(41.8%) and 34(34.7%) of asthmatic children, respectively. Only 23( 23.5%) had sufficient vitamin D levels. A significant correlation was found between the severity of asthma symptoms and vitamin D deficiency (Pearson Chi-squared=.028). Conclusion : Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in children with bronchial asthma in Jordanian population and correlates significantly with asthma severity. Assessment of vitamin D levels in children with bronchial asthma is required in a larger scale studies in Jordan.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneethakrishnan Suganthan ◽  
Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽  
Vithegi Kesavan ◽  
Mahalingam Aravinthan ◽  
Nadarajah Rajeshkannan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is common among post-menopausal women and it is important to treat vitamin D deficiency to prevent falls and fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Few studies examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population of Sri Lanka but no studies to date done among post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. This is the first study of such kind conducted to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels and factors related to Vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women.Methodology Hospital based Cross -sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Unit, Teaching Hospital from January to December 2018.During the study period 105 postmenopausal women registered for DEXA scan with Endocrine Unit were recruited to the study. Data collection was done by investigators and blood sample was taken from each participant by registered nursing officers and sample was analysed by using immunohistochemistry assays. Serum Vitamin D levels were categorized and data analysis was done using SPSS 26.Results Mean age of 105 postmenopausal women was 67.7 with minimum 33 and maximum 84 years. Mean Vitamin D levels were 27.5(range11.7-52.5ng/ml). Vitamin D levels were adequate in only 36.2% (95%CI: 27.4-45.7) of women, 44% had insufficient levels and deficiency was present in 19% (95%CI: 12.4-27.4) of participants. Among the 105 women 20% were vegetarian and 53% of them consuming milk on average 3 days per week, 76.2% consuming fish on average 2 days per week, 64.8% consuming egg on average 1 day per week. Furthermore seventy five participants (71.4%) reported adequate level of sun exposure (>30minutes).Commonly reported vitamin deficiency symptoms includes paraesthesia (57.1%),bone pain (55.2%), easy fatigability (54.3%), malaise (51.4%), muscle cramps (43.8%) and proximal myopathy (40.0%).Among 71(66.7%) completed bone density assessment,38% (27.3-49.7) of them showed osteoporosis range. Vertebral Z score showed a significant correlation with vitamin D level(r-0.252, P-0.034).Conclusion Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is relatively high among the post-menopausal women with a provisional diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is essential to correct vitamin D deficiency with supplementation when initiating treatment for osteoporosis. So vitamin D testing is desirable in decision making to treat or not to treat.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneethakrishnan Suganthan ◽  
Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽  
Vithegi Kesavan ◽  
Mahalingam Aravinthan ◽  
Nadarajah Rajeshkannan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is common among post-menopausal women and it is important to treat vitamin D deficiency to prevent falls and fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Few studies examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population of Sri Lanka but no studies to date done among post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. This is the first study of such kind conducted to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels and factors related to Vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women.Methodology Hospital based Cross -sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Unit, Teaching Hospital from January to December 2018.During the study period 105 postmenopausal women registered for DEXA scan with Endocrine Unit were recruited to the study. Data collection was done by investigators and blood sample was taken from each participant by registered nursing officers and sample was analysed by using immunohistochemistry assays. Serum Vitamin D levels were categorized and data analysis was done using SPSS 26.Results Mean age of 105 postmenopausal women was 67.7 with minimum 33 and maximum 84 years. Mean Vitamin D levels were 27.5(range11.7-52.5ng/ml). Vitamin D levels were adequate in only 36.2% (95%CI: 27.4-45.7) of women, 44% had insufficient levels and deficiency was present in 19% (95%CI: 12.4-27.4) of participants. Among the 105 women 20% were vegetarian and 53% of them consuming milk on average 3 days per week, 76.2% consuming fish on average 2 days per week, 64.8% consuming egg on average 1 day per week. Furthermore seventy five participants (71.4%) reported adequate level of sun exposure (>30minutes).Commonly reported vitamin deficiency symptoms includes paraesthesia (57.1%),bone pain (55.2%), easy fatigability (54.3%), malaise (51.4%), muscle cramps (43.8%) and proximal myopathy (40.0%).Among 71(66.7%) completed bone density assessment,38% (27.3-49.7) of them showed osteoporosis range. Vertebral Z score showed a significant correlation with vitamin D level(r-0.252, P-0.034).Conclusion Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is relatively high among the post-menopausal women with a provisional diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is essential to correct vitamin D deficiency with supplementation when initiating treatment for osteoporosis. So vitamin D testing is desirable in decision making to treat or not to treat.

scholarly journals Carência de Vitamina D numa População Hospitalar: Uma Fotografia pela Perspetiva Laboratorial

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Joana Santos ◽  
Vera Fernandes ◽  
Fernando Mota Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Although vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized around the world, there are few studies on the Portuguese reality. This study aims to analyse vitamin D levels in the assays performed in our hospital and their relationship with age, genre, requesting specialty and moment of sample collection.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Cross-sectional study of measurements of 25(HO)D performed in our Hospital between June 2012 and November 2014. Included variables: gender, age, requesting specialty, month of sample collection. Vitamin D status classified as: ‘Deficiency’ (≤ 20 ng/mL), ‘Insufficiency’ (21 - 29 ng/ml) and ‘Sufficiency’ (≥ 30 ng/mL).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We included 5 439 assays; 55.0% from women; the median age was 64.0 years. Sixty per cent had ‘Deficiency’, 20.7% ‘Insufficiency’ and 18.9% ‘Sufficiency’. We found a negative correlation between age and vitamin D level (p &lt; 0.001). We didn’t find differences in vitamin D levels between genres. Nine specialties requested 98% of the assays, namely Nephrology (56.2%). We found differences between specialties based on age and vitamin D level (p &lt; 0.001). Vitamin D levels changed throughout the year, with higher levels in the summer, followed by autumn, spring and winter (p &lt; 0.001). Despite this seasonal fluctuation, vitamin D sufficiency was only present in a minority of assays (27.8% in summer and 9.2% in winter).<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in this population, affects individuals of all ages and is not offset by the seasonal variation of sunlight.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency is a real and prevalent problem in our population that needs further attention and action, given its clinical implications.

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