scholarly journals Presentation of AIDS with Disseminated Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Davarpanah ◽  
Masumeh Rassaei ◽  
Fatemeh Sari aslani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Iranian Woman ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Endemic Areas

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease in form of visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous (MCL) leishmaniasis. Immunocompromised patients have increased risk ofLeishmaniainfection, especially in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis, where in the world HIV/VL coinfection has become endemic. The case here suffers from both AIDS and visceral-cutaneous leishmaniasis. We report an Iranian woman with disseminated cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis who became positive for HIV test.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Sydrome (AIDS): case report

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. de C. Viana ◽  
D.S. Lewi ◽  
P. Olzon ◽  
C.M. Freire ◽  
V.M. Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Disseminated Tuberculosis ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Endemic Areas

This is a case report that describe an association of AIDS, visceral leishmaniasis and probable disseminated tuberculosis. Due to the spread of AIDS in developing areas worldwide this association would be more frequently, seen on subjects from endemic areas where this protozoonosis is prevalent. More than one opportunistic infection related with the endemic diseases of the developing regions can be associated with those immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals A Rare Skin Lesion During Pregnancy: Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Çetin ◽  
Selim Büyükkurt ◽  
Fatih Köksal ◽  
Tuncay Özgünen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Localized Form

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is spread by phlebotomine sand flies. These flies cause infections called cutaneous and/or visceral leishmaniasis in humans. In this paper, we present a pregnant patient who was diagnosed with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, a localized form of the disease, and the treatment we applied to the patient. The patient was given systemic amphotericin-B treatment, however the immunosuppressive state of pregnancy and the diabetes of the patient complicated the treatment. Although the size of the lesion regressed during pregnancy, we could not completely cure the disease.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of microsporidian species in patients with epithelial keratitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Oranuch Sanpool ◽  
Onsiri Thanathanee ◽  
Porntip Laummuanwai ◽  
Wanchai Maleewong ◽  
Pewpan M. Intapan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microsporidian Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction. Ocular microsporidiosis is a significant emerging infectious disease reported in immunocompromised patients and immunocompetent persons throughout the world. Aim. To identify the pathogens responsible for human keratitis, via corneal scrapings. Methodology. Thirty-three hospitalized patients with epithelial keratitis were examined using staining and DNA sequencing. DNA was extracted from corneal samples and the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Results. Twenty-one samples were positive by staining while PCR generated amplicons in 18 cases. Of the 18 sequences, 16 were identical with, or very similar to, those of Vittaforma corneae (99–100 % similarity) and the remaining two sequences were similar to that of unidentified Microsporidium species deposited in the GenBank. Conclusion. This study has reconfirmed that V. corneae causes epithelial keratitis in humans and that a newly detected Microsporidium species is also involved in microsporidial keratitis as one of the emerging pathogens in Thailand. Ophthalomologists should be aware of microsporidial keratitis in people from Thailand and those from neighbouring countries.

Leishmaniasis

2010 ◽  
pp. 1134-1142
Author(s):  
A.D.M. Bryceson ◽  
Diana N.J. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Imported Disease ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to humans from human or animal reservoirs by the bites of phlebotomine sandflies. In places the disease is common and important, with perhaps 500 000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 1.5–2 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide each year. As an imported disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is common in travellers, military personnel, and immigrants coming from endemic areas, while the diagnosis of the less common visceral leishmaniasis is frequently overlooked....

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis: a threat to immunocompromised patients in non-endemic areas?

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weisser ◽  
B. Khanlari ◽  
L. Terracciano ◽  
C. Arber ◽  
A. Gratwohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Endemic Areas

Behaviors and Perceptions Related to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Areas of the World: A Review

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106090
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Alidosti ◽  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Hossein Shahnazi ◽  
Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
The World ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Leishmaniasis: A Neglected Tropical Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Aneeqa Hamida ◽  
Doua Ilyas ◽  
Mahnoor Zahra ◽  
Gul Shehnaz
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Drug

Leishmaniasis is an emerging tropical disease in the world as declared by WHO. At least 89 countries are affected, risking lives of 350 million people resulting in 70,000 deaths annually. It is spread to human beings and animals by bite of sandflies of genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. The disease is more prevalent in the poverty-stricken populations. In Pakistan, the most affected province is KPK. Despite its global occurrence, it is not a very life-threatening disease except visceral leishmaniasis in which death can occur in immunocompromised patients. The only satisfactory treatment is through intravenous antimonials. Vaccine is not yet available but environmental control of sandfly can help in prevention of leishmaniasis. There is a dire need of improving the existing conventional therapy but the neglection of the disease has led to lack of financial support for the development of a novel drug.

scholarly journals Characterization of Leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohebali ◽  
E. Javadian ◽  
M. R. Yaghoobi Ershadi ◽  
A. A. Akhavan ◽  
H. Hajjaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Tatera Indica ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
First Time

Between 1991-2000, Leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In areas endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites were observed by direct microscopy in smears from 18.6% of 566 specimens. L. major was isolated from 4 species:Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica and Mer. hurrianae. L. turanica was isolated from R. opimus for the first time in this country. In endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis, parasites were observed in liver and spleen from 13.7% of 504 rodents. Two species were positive on culture; promastigotes isolated from Mer. persicus were characterized as L. donovani zymodeme LON50 and from Mesocricetus auratus as L. infantum LON49

Designing an Outer Membrane Protein (Omp-W) Based Vaccine for Immunization against Vibrio and Salmonella: An in silico Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-324
Author(s):  
Sadra S. Tehrani ◽  
Abolfazl Jahangiri ◽  
Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh ◽  
Hossein Maghsoudi ◽  
Saeed Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Barrel ◽  
The World ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Topology Prediction

Background: Cholera triggered by Vibrio cholerae remains the main reason for morbidity and mortality all over the world. In addition, salmonellosis is regarded as an infectious disease that makes it essential for the identification and detection of Salmonella. With a beta-barrel structure consisting of eight non-parallel beta strands, OmpW family is widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, OmpW isolated from S. typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae can be used in vaccine design. Methods: Topology prediction was determined. T-cell and B-cell epitopes were selected from exposed areas, and sequence conservancy was evaluated. The remaining loops and inaccessible residues were removed to prepare OmpW-1. High antigenicity peptides were detected to replace inappropriate residues to obtain OmpW-2. Physicochemical properties were assessed, and antigenicity, hydrophobicity, flexibility, and accessibility were compared to the native Omp-W structure. Low score areas were removed from the designed structure for preparing the OmpW-3. To construct OmpW-4, TTFrC was used as T-CD4+ cell-stimulating factor and CTB as adjuvant to the end of the C-terminal of this sequence, which can increase the antigenicity and sequence density. The sequences were re-analyzed to delete the unfavorable residues. Besides, the solubility of the mature OmpW and the designed structure were predicted while overexpressed in E. coli. Results: The designed vaccine is a stable protein which has immune cells recognizing epitopes and is considered as an antigen. The construct can be overexpressed in a E. coli. Conclusion: The multi-epitope vaccine is a suitable stimulator for immune system and would be a candidate for experimental research. Recent patents describing numerous inventions related to the clinical facets of vaccine peptide against human infectious disease.

scholarly journals Infectious disease outbreaks in the African region: overview of events reported to the World Health Organization in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mboussou ◽  
P. Ndumbi ◽  
R. Ngom ◽  
Z. Kassamali ◽  
O. Ogundiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Member States ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The World

Abstract The WHO African region is characterised by the largest infectious disease burden in the world. We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis using records of all infectious disease outbreaks formally reported to the WHO in 2018 by Member States of the African region. We analysed the spatio-temporal distribution, the notification delay as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with these outbreaks. In 2018, 96 new disease outbreaks were reported across 36 of the 47 Member States. The most commonly reported disease outbreak was cholera which accounted for 20.8% (n = 20) of all events, followed by measles (n = 11, 11.5%) and Yellow fever (n = 7, 7.3%). About a quarter of the outbreaks (n = 23) were reported following signals detected through media monitoring conducted at the WHO regional office for Africa. The median delay between the disease onset and WHO notification was 16 days (range: 0–184). A total of 107 167 people were directly affected including 1221 deaths (mean case fatality ratio (CFR): 1.14% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07%–1.20%)). The highest CFR was observed for diseases targeted for eradication or elimination: 3.45% (95% CI 0.89%–10.45%). The African region remains prone to outbreaks of infectious diseases. It is therefore critical that Member States improve their capacities to rapidly detect, report and respond to public health events.

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