scholarly journals Characterization of Leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohebali ◽  
E. Javadian ◽  
M. R. Yaghoobi Ershadi ◽  
A. A. Akhavan ◽  
H. Hajjaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Tatera Indica ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
First Time

Between 1991-2000, Leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In areas endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites were observed by direct microscopy in smears from 18.6% of 566 specimens. L. major was isolated from 4 species:Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica and Mer. hurrianae. L. turanica was isolated from R. opimus for the first time in this country. In endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis, parasites were observed in liver and spleen from 13.7% of 504 rodents. Two species were positive on culture; promastigotes isolated from Mer. persicus were characterized as L. donovani zymodeme LON50 and from Mesocricetus auratus as L. infantum LON49

Policy of Religious Media in Iran: Interactive, Dynamic and Convergent System of Religious Communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255
Author(s):  
Nasser Bahonar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Religious Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Islamic Belief ◽  
First Time ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Communications System ◽  
Interactive Dynamic

AbstractThe presenting of religion has been indebted to traditional media for centuries. The presence of mass media, especially Radio and Television, in the twentieth century makes it possible to transfer messages to large groups of addressees. This important situation has caused groups and official religious organizations, from eighty years ago, to take great measures in this respect by using electronic media. During the pre-history of Islam and afterward, Iran has always been challenged with crises of the legitimating of communication. The penetration of the Islamic belief among people is caused by traditional Islamic communication, and the legitimacy of Islamic leaders also assigns a legitimacy for the modern media. Whereas governments in the history of Iran have never had a religious and politic legitimacy among people so the communications system of Iran has been abandoned from media convergence. The Islamic Republic of Iran is experiencing a convergence in traditional and modern communications for the first time. Lack of scientific research and a shortage of religious literature in broadcasting make for continual disorder in the process of policy-making for the planning of the religious medium. In this article the writer benefits from the result of two researches conducted in Iran, in the field of religious media, and analyses the content of religious programmes of television followed by the presentation of a theoretic view in making for a desired religious media policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

scholarly journals Impact of climate variability on the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Azimi ◽  
Sadegh Shirian ◽  
Saranaz Jangjoo ◽  
Arman Ai ◽  
Tahereh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Rainy Days

Leishmaniasis, one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide, is frequently cited with respect to health risks related to climate change. The current variability of the climate may have different impacts on the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) depending on the various Leishmania species. The number and distribution of CL cases in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran was analysed over the 2010-2014 period with regard to temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunshine hours, evaporation and wind-related climate issues. During the study period, there were 4672 recorded clinical cases of CL, the incidence of which was found to fall into three types of areas, such as high, intermediate and low-level endemic areas. Compared to the intermediate and low-endemic areas, the hyper-endemic areas showed significantly variable meteorological data with regard to rainy days, maximum/minimum temperature and humidity. Decreased temperatures in the eastern part of this province were found to promote the disease towards its centre. We conclude that the meteorological variables and incidence data of CL indicate that the number of rainy days, maximum and minimum temperatures and relative humidity are significant variables that can predict CL incidence. Indeed, the substantial climatic variability occurring during the recent 5-year period (2010-2014) in Khuzestan Province could be the main reason for the change in epidemiology and transmission of CL.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-826
Author(s):  
M. R. Yaghoobi Ershadi ◽  
A. A. Akhavan ◽  
A. V. Zahraei Ramazani ◽  
M. R. Abai ◽  
B. Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus

An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] in Sabzevar county prompted this study of the epidemiology and the ecology of vectors and reservoirs. Examination of 541 schoolchildren showed rates of 9.4% for scars and 5.9% for ulcers. Among 807 inhabitants of 4 villages, 10.4% had scars and 3.0% had active lesions. The most highly infected age group was 0-4 years with a rate of 5.9%. A total of 12 849 sandflies representing 7 species were collected in the study area. Leptomonad infection was found in Phlebotomus papatasi, P. caucasicus and Sergentomyia sintoni. Parasites from man, P. papatasi and Rhombomys opimus, were isolated and characterized as Leishmania major. Based on this survey, this is an epidemic of zoonotic CL, with R. opimus the main reservoir host, and P. papatasi the main vector

scholarly journals Characterization of Leishmania parasites isolated from provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
H. Motazedian ◽  
B. Noamanpoor ◽  
S. Ardehali
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Leishmania parasites isolated in the Islamic Republic of Iran were studied by a random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction [RAPD-PCR]. Of 82 isolates, 80 were from cutaneous lesions, 1 from a human throat lesion and 1 from a dog. Of these, 42 isolates were L. tropica, 36 were L. major and 2 were L. infantum. There were 2 unidentified isolates [from the throat lesion and a cutaneous lesion] and these demonstrated 52% and 48% similarity with L. tropica and L. infantum. Both L. tropica and L. major were isolated from four provinces indicating a recent change in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis. L. tropica was isolated from three provinces; L. major from one province. L. infantum was isolated from a human cutaneous lesion and from a dog in Bushehr province.

scholarly journals Distribution of Leishmania Infection in Humans, Animal Reservoir Hosts and Sandflies in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid MOZAFARI ◽  
Aioub SOFIZADEH ◽  
Hamid Reza SHORAKA
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Golestan Province

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. In this study, we summarize the results of studies on the disease and its causative agent Leishmania in humans, vectors and reservoirs in the Golestan Province, Iran. Methods: We retrieved all articles related to leishmaniasis in the Golestan Province, northern Iran from 1994 to 2018 in various databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Articles in Persian were retrieved from the IranMedex, SID and Magiran. Reference lists of relevant articles were also hand-searched. Local active researchers in the field of leishmaniasis were contacted to avoid missing any relevant articles. Overall, 54 papers were extracted, later evaluated by two research team members based on inclusion criteria. All analyses were performed using the Stata 14 software. Pooled prevalence was calculated using the metaprop command and a random-effect model. The I² statistic was used for measuring heterogeneity of studies. Results: Ten articles in the province were related to detection of Leishmania species in patients with suspected cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. Fifteen articles were dedicated to identification of Leishmania species in disease reservoirs and five articles were about detection of the parasite in sand flies. The pooled prevalence of L. major in patients with acute ulcer, wild rodents and sandflies was 83%, 29% and 11%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for implementation of control measures among the reservoirs of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the Golestan Province, Iran.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Leishmania major in Hemiechinus auritus, A Potential Reservoir of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Damghan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽  
Sadegh Mohammadi-Azni
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major is endemic in 17 of 31 Iranian provinces. Various species of rodents have been introduced as the main reservoirs of the disease. This study was conducted to de­termine the natural infection of hedgehogs with Leishmania spp. in an endemic area of the disease, northern Iran. Methods: Fifteen long-eared hedgehogs were captured alive during 18 months study period, from Apr 2015 to Sep 2016, in Damghan City, Semnan Province, Iran. The animals were identified using apparent characteristics and to de­termine the Leishmania infection, impression smears were prepared from their ear lobes, hind feet, livers, and spleens. Micro­scopic examination and semi-nested PCR were applied to determine the infection and to identify the parasites species respectively. Results: All examined animals were identified as Hemiechinus auritus (Family: Erinaceidae). In microscopic examina­tion, 8 (53.3%) samples were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. The higher and lower rate of the infection was observed in the ears as well as the feet and in the liver specimens, 53.3%, and 33.3% respectively. Forty percent (6/ 15) of the samples were molecularly positive and all were identified as L. major parasites. All the examined animals in au­tumn and 50% of them in summer were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the natural infection of H. auritus with L. major for the first time in Damghan City and introduced these mammals as new potential reservoirs of ZCL in the study area.

Paul Chu, Anthony Leggett and Warren Pickett in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
APPN Editorial Team
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
International Community ◽  
Iranian Revolution ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
First Time

In 2013, the Islamic Republic of Iran, for the first time since its government replaced the Shah's government after the Iranian Revolution in 1979, came to the forefront of the international community to negotiate a deal- a deal that would limit its nuclear weapon stockpiles which it has kept hidden from the world even in the face of political isolation.

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