scholarly journals Undiagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting as Nasal Metastases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hassen Mohammed ◽  
Rashid Sheikh ◽  
Waheed Rahman ◽  
Sally Sheta ◽  
Zeynel Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver with up to half of cases suffering from extrahepatic metastasis in the later stages of the disease. Commonly reported and encountered metastatic sites include the lymph nodes, lung, bone, and adrenal glands. This is an effort to throw a spotlight on a rare case of metastatic HCC which presented to us as two distinct lesions in the nose. It focuses on the presentation and the steps that were taken to reach this rare and unusual diagnosis. It sparks interest from a clinical and histopathology perspective. Our cynosure is the findings of the case coupled with a probe on the possible routes of spread of HCC to sinonasal region.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular carcinoma with disseminated skeletal muscle metastasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 205846011771670
Author(s):  
Ezamin Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohamad SF Noh ◽  
Nur A Ngah ◽  
Mohamad S Suraini ◽  
Mubarak M Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Metastasis ◽  
Muscle Metastasis ◽  
To Come

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary tumor of the liver and carries a poor prognosis when diagnosed late or left untreated. Treatment relies heavily on the stage of the tumor when diagnosed. Extrahepatic metastasis is known to occur; these are mainly reported via autopsy studies or isolated case reports. Knowledge of extrahepatic metastasis is crucial in order to avoid unnecessary surgery. We report a rare case of a patient at our center, diagnosed to have HCC, who underwent treatment successfully, only to come back with extrahepatic metastasis to the skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma presented as a tumor of the maxillary sinus and retrobulbar tumor

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Kolarevic ◽  
Zorica Tomasevic ◽  
Ivan Boricic ◽  
Dejan Rasic ◽  
Natasa Andjelic-Dekic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary malignant tumor of the liver. It is usually seen in the 6th and 7th decades of life and chronic hepatitis B is the most frequent cause. Extrahepatic metastasis of HCC is an indicator of a poor prognosis and the most common sites are lungs, bones, lymph nodes, kidneys and adrenal glands. We reported a case of isolated metastasis in the right maxilla, which had been found initially, before the tumor in the liver was diagnosed. Case report. A 70-year-old man underwent dental surgery of the upper right molar. Prolonged bleeding control was difficult for up to two weeks, so the biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed a metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a diffusely heterogeneous liver parenchyma with irregular borders and two foci of mass lesions. There were metastasis in the spleen and also two pathological retroperitoneal lymph nodes were detected, but no ascit, liver cirrhosis, cholestasis or portal vein thrombosis were seen. CT of the orbital and maxillary regions revealed a tumor mass in the right maxillary sinus, spreading to the alveolar sinus, nasal cavity and partially infratemporal space. A tumor mass was in the right orbit as well, infiltrating the surrounding bones and muscles. Clinically, there was proptosis of the right eye accompanied by amaurosis. The treatment started with chemotherapy based on 5-fluorouracil (sorafenib was not available). After three cycles, control CTs showed a stable disease in the liver, but progression in the right maxillary sinus and orbit. Enucleation of the right eye was performed and postoperative radiotherapy was planed. The patient deteriorated rapidly and died, about 6 months after the disease had been diagnosed. Conclusion. Extrahepatic metastasis of HCC represents a progressive phase of the disease with poor prognosis, so the main aim of the treatment should be palliation and care of symptoms.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular carcinoma with uncommon sites of metastasis: a rare case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangala Targe ◽  
Venkata Ramesh Yasam ◽  
Raj Nagarkar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Right Lobe

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor, causing both intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases. The extrahepatic metastasis occurs in one-third of patients with HCC and it is associated with a poor prognosis. The most common sites of extrahepatic metastasis are lung, regional lymph nodes, bone, adrenal glands, and peritoneum/omentum. Detection of such extrahepatic metastasis plays a vital role in the staging and treatment planning of HCC. Case presentation A 60-year-old man was presented to our centre with loss of apetite, generalised weakness, and weight loss. Abdominal examination revealed a firm lump in the right hypochondrium. CT findings revealed a large well-defined hypodense mass in almost entire right lobe of the liver. A well-defined oval, heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass lesions were also noted in both adrenal glands and psoas muscles. For histopathological diagnosis, percutaneous ultrasound-guided truecut biopsy was done from right lobe liver mass confirming well differentiated HCC. Conclusions In the present case report, we present an extremely rare and unique case of HCC with disseminated skeletal muscle metastasis with concomitant bilateral axillary lymph node metastasis. It is crucial for radiologists to detect such extrahepatic sites of metastasis initially at the time of diagnosis for accurate staging and treatment planning for a better prognosis.

scholarly journals Multiple Bone Metastases as the First Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patient with Noncirrhotic Liver

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Ya Bae ◽  
Hyun Jung Kim ◽  
Hyun Ho Oh ◽  
Min Kwan Kwon ◽  
Jong Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Noncirrhotic Liver ◽  
Multiple Bone Metastases

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally occurs on the background of chronic liver disease. Chronic hepatitides B and C and alcoholic liver disease are well-known risk factors for HCC, and it is uncommon in noncirrhotic liver. Extrahepatic metastasis seldom occurs in patients with early stage intrahepatic HCC and isolated bone metastases as a first documented extrahepatic metastasis is unusual presentation. In this report, we present a rare case of small solitary HCC (<3 cm) in noncirrhotic liver, presenting isolated bone metastases as a sole manifestation in patient with no well-known risk factors. This case suggests that HCC should be considered as one of differential diagnoses in patient presenting with multiple bone metastases, even in the absence of liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma on 18F FDG PET CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjit Sarma ◽  
Subramanyam Padma ◽  
Parvathy Pavithran ◽  
Vijay Harish Somasundaram ◽  
Palanisamy Shanmuga Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background To determine locations, relative frequencies, imaging features, and pattern of distribution of extrahepatic metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET CT. Methods FDG PET CT scans of 224 consecutive patients of HCC acquired between 2010 and 2018 were reviewed. Fifty-six patients detected with extrahepatic metastasis on FDG PET CT were retrospectively analyzed. Findings were correlated with prior/follow-up imaging studies, clinical findings, FNAC, or biopsy findings whenever available. Descriptive analysis of location, relative frequencies, imaging features, and pattern of distribution of extrahepatic metastasis was done. Results Commonest were metastatic pulmonary nodules (55.3% patients), most of them being well-defined solid lesions (53.5%) with bilateral involvement in 44.6% patients and lower lobes of lungs along with other lobes being more frequently involved (41.0% patients). While in 7.14% patients lung nodules were FDG avid, 23.2% patients had both FDG avid and non-avid pulmonary nodules. Second most common were regional metastatic lymph nodes in 44.65% of patients seen at aortocaval (25%), paraaortic (23.21%), portocaval (21.4%), and left gastric nodal (17.8% of patients) stations. Twenty-five percent of patients had FDG avid lymph nodes and 5.36% patients had both FDG avid and FDG non-avid lymph nodes. Distant metastatic lymph nodes were third most common in 39.2% of patients seen at paratracheal (2.5%), juxtaphrenic (8.9%), and mesenteric lymphnodal (7.1%) stations. Twenty-five percent of patients had FDG avid lymph nodes while 5.36% patients had both FDG avid and FDG non-avid lymph nodes. Skeletal involvement was seen in 32.1% of patients. Commonest sites are vertebrae (16.7%), pelvis (14.2%), and ribs (10.7% patients). Six out of 7 patients had unilateral adrenal gland involvement. Bilateral adrenal gland involvement was seen in 1 patient. FDG non-avid peritoneal/omental metastases was seen in 2 patients. Brain, spleen, and muscle metastatic lesions were seen in 1 patient each out of 56 patients (1.79%). Conclusions Lungs, regional and distant lymph nodes and skeleton are the most frequently involved sites of extrahepatic metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Adrenal glands, muscles, brain and peritoneum are also involved but to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals A Rare Cause of Testicular Metastasis: Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Alper Nesip Manav ◽  
Ercan Kazan ◽  
Mehmet Şirin Ertek ◽  
Akın Soner Amasyalı ◽  
Nil Çulhacı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Testicular Metastasis ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Metastatic testicular cancers are rare. Primary tumor sources are prostate, lung, and gastrointestinal tract for metastatic testicular cancers. Metastasis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) to the testis is extremely rare. Two-thirds of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is of invasive stage at diagnosis and metastatic sites are the pelvic lymph nodes, liver, lung, and bone. We report a rare case of metastatic UTUC to the testis which has not been reported before, except one case in the literature. Testicular metastasis of UC should be considered in patients with hematuria and testicular swelling.

scholarly journals New insights in the expression of stromal caveolin 1 in breast cancer spread to axillary lymph nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Scatena ◽  
Giovanni Fanelli ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli ◽  
Michele Menicagli ◽  
Paolo Aretini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a loss of expression of caveolin in the stromal compartment (sCav-1) of human invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) may be a predictor of disease recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome. At present, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of sCav-1 at the metastatic sites. We therefore studied sCav-1 expression in IBCs and in their axillary lymph nodes to seek a correlation with cancer metastasis. 189 consecutive invasive IBCs (53 with axillary lymph node metastases and 136 without) were studied by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Cav-1 antibody. In IBCs sCav-1 was evaluated in fibroblasts scattered in the tumor stroma whereas in lymph nodes sCav-1 was assessed in fibroblast-like stromal cells. For the first time, we observed a statistically significant progressive loss of sCav-1 from normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors limited to the breast to metastatic axillary lymph nodes, through normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors with axillary metastatic spread. These data indicate that Cav-1 expressed by the stromal compartment of lymph nodes, somehow, may possibly contribute to metastatic spread in IBC.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Sensory Neuropathy Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1397-1401
Author(s):  
Sujitha Ketineni ◽  
Sreenath Kodali ◽  
Sasikanth Gorantla
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder

Malignancies can trigger an autoimmune response against the nervous system and manifest as paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS). Initial symptoms of PNS may develop up to 5 years prior to the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy. We report a rare case of PNS associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a 70-year-old male with a 6-month history of rapidly progressive symmetric sensory neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy serological workup was unremarkable. A paraneoplastic neuropathy panel revealed anti-Hu autoantibodies. Further evaluation with a whole-body PET scan could not identify the primary malignancy, but it showed hypermetabolic hilar lymph nodes. An endobronchial ultrasound biopsy of the hilar lymph nodes was negative for cancer. The patient developed painless hematuria 2.5 years after the onset of the sensory neuropathy. Cystoscopy with biopsy revealed non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Progression of the sensory neuropathy stopped after tumor resection. This case highlights the importance of a diligent and systematic approach to diagnose PNS. A relentless search is often required to detect PNS-associated occult malignancies.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular carcinoma with regional lymphadenopathy caused by sarcoid-like reaction: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Mizota ◽  
Masato Suzuoki ◽  
Saya Kaku ◽  
Kenichi Mizunuma ◽  
Kazuto Ohtaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Epithelioid Cell ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Hepatoduodenal Ligament ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multiple Imaging

Abstract Background Sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) is a histological pattern of granulomatous inflammation that is clinically differentiated from sarcoidosis. Since SLR is known to occur in several neoplasias and occasionally causes lymphadenopathy and mimics metastatic malignancy, it needs to be considered whether lymphadenopathy is due to metastasis or SLR for the choice of cancer treatment. Few cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with SLR have been reported. Here, a case of HCC with lymphadenopathy diagnosed as SLR without metastasis is presented. Case presentation A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain. She tested positive for hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid. Imaging modalities showed an 81 × 65-mm-sized tumor with multiple nodules in segment 3 and a 17 × 12-mm-sized tumor in segment 5 with a common HCC enhancement pattern. In addition, a lymph node in the hepatoduodenal ligament was enlarged at 13 mm in size, suggesting the metastasis of HCC. Hepatectomy of the lateral segment and segment 5 and lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament were performed. Both tumors in segments 3 and 5 were pathologically diagnosed as HCC without vessel invasion. The tumors contained necrotic cells and epithelioid cell granulomas with multinucleated giant cells, which is typically observed in sarcoidosis. The dissected lymph nodes also contained epithelioid cell granulomas, as well as giant cells with asteroid bodies. There was no malignancy in the lymph nodes. The pathological findings suggested the coexistence of malignancy and sarcoidosis. However, since the patient did not show any typical findings of pulmonary or cardiac sarcoidosis, the case was diagnosed as HCC with SLR in the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes. Conclusions SLR needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis when a cancer patient develops lymphadenopathy. However, lymphadenopathy due to SLR is indistinguishable from that due to metastasis even when using multiple imaging modalities. Pathological examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document