scholarly journals Personalized Medicine Based on Theranostic Radioiodine Molecular Imaging for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Cancer Management

Molecular imaging based personalized therapy has been a fascinating concept for individualized therapeutic strategy, which is able to attain the highest efficacy and reduce adverse effects in certain patients. Theranostics, which integrates diagnostic testing to detect molecular targets for particular therapeutic modalities, is one of the key technologies that contribute to the success of personalized medicine. Although the term “theranostics” was used after the second millennium, its basic principle was applied more than 70 years ago in the field of thyroidology with radioiodine molecular imaging. Differentiated thyroid cancer, which arises from follicular cells in the thyroid, is the most common endocrine malignancy, and theranostic radioiodine has been successfully applied to diagnose and treat differentiated thyroid cancer, the applications of which were included in the guidelines published by various thyroid or nuclear medicine societies. Through better pathophysiologic understanding of thyroid cancer and advancements in nuclear technologies, theranostic radioiodine contributes more to modern tailored personalized management by providing high therapeutic effect and by avoiding significant adverse effects in differentiated thyroid cancer. This review details the inception of theranostic radioiodine and recent radioiodine applications for differentiated thyroid cancer management as a prototype of personalized medicine based on molecular imaging.

scholarly journals Recent Development of Nuclear Molecular Imaging in Thyroid Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Liu ◽  
Xiaoqin Wang ◽  
Ran Yang ◽  
Wenbing Zeng ◽  
Dong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Specific Tumor

Therapies targeting specific tumor pathways are easy to enter the clinic. To monitor molecular changes, cellular processes, and tumor microenvironment, molecular imaging is becoming the key technology for personalized medicine because of its high efficacy and low side effects. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its theranostic radioiodine has been widely used to diagnose or treat differentiated thyroid cancer. This article summarizes recent development of molecular imaging in thyroid cancer, which may accelerate the development of personalized thyroid cancer therapy.

scholarly journals The substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor system in human thyroid cancer: an immunohistochemical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Isorna ◽  
Francisco Esteban ◽  
Juan Solanellas ◽  
Rafael Coveñas ◽  
Miguel Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Neurokinin 1 Receptor ◽  
Neurokinin 1

To develop a new therapeutic strategy against thyroid cancer (TC), the expression of both substance P (SP) and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) must be demonstrated in TC cells. This study aims to examine by immunohistochemistry, the localization of SP and the NK-1R in human TC samples (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic), in metastasis and in healthy thyroid samples. SP and the NK-1R were expressed in all normal and TC samples. In healthy glands, SP was located in follicular cells (nucleus) and colloid and NK-1R in follicular cells (cytoplasm) and stroma. In TC samples, SP was visualized in follicular cells (nucleus and cytoplasm), stroma and colloid and NK-1R in follicular cells (cytoplasm), stroma and colloid. A semiquantitative scoring system (Allred Unit Scoring System) was applied. The expression (Allred total score) of SP and NK-1R was weaker in normal thyroid glands than in TC. In comparison with TC samples, a lower intensity/proportion of SP (nucleus and cytoplasm of follicular cells; stroma) was observed in normal samples. By contrast, in the colloid of TC samples the presence of SP was lower than in normal samples. In comparison with TC samples, the presence of the NK-1R in the cytoplasm of follicular cells and colloid was lower in normal thyroid samples, whereas the expression of this receptor in the stroma was higher. The results reported in this study suggest that the NK-1R could be a new target for the treatment of TC and use of the NK-1R antagonists could serve as a new anti-TC therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Prophylactic prednisolone for the prevention of early and intermediate adverse effects of radioactive iodine therapy in patients with thyroid cancer: study protocol for a single-centre, phase II/III, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Jayarajah ◽  
Mahilal Wijekoon ◽  
Sanjeewa A. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Background Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (i.e. papillary and follicular). RAI is associated with troublesome early, intermediate and late adverse effects. Although glucocorticoids are used for the management of these adverse effects, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of prophylactic glucocorticoids to prevent these complications. This trial will evaluate the efficacy of a short course of prophylactic glucocorticoids in the prevention of adverse effects of RAI treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods A phase II/III, single-centre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial will be conducted. Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who are referred to RAI therapy at the National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka, will be randomized into two arms consisting of 200 patients each. The experimental group will receive prophylactic oral prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg and omeprazole 20 mg single dose 6 h before RAI therapy followed by oral prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg and omeprazole 20 mg daily for 3 days. The control group will receive oral placebo and omeprazole 20 mg single dose 6 h before RAI therapy followed by oral placebo and omeprazole 20 mg daily for 3 days. Clinically significant adverse effects assessed as related to RAI as well as prednisolone therapy and the quality of life parameters will be compared between the two groups. Discussion If proven beneficial, this intervention can be incorporated into the standard practice to reduce early and intermediate adverse effects of RAI for thyroid cancer with a potential improvement of quality of life. Trial registration Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry SLCTR/2020/009. Registered prospectively on 23 February 2020. Items of the WHO Trial Registration Data Set are provided in the supplementary file.

The role of ablative treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer management

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Melo ◽  
Nuno Vicente ◽  
Mara Ventura ◽  
Adriana Gaspar Da Rocha ◽  
Paula Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Management

Emerging Trends in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P70-P70
Author(s):  
David L Steward ◽  
R Michael Tuttle ◽  
Robert A Sofferman ◽  
James A Fagin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Emerging Trends

scholarly journals New Insight into the Treatment of Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Safavi ◽  
Aparna Vijayasekaran ◽  
Marlon A. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Ablation ◽  
Biologic Basis

The vast majority of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are treated successfully with surgery and radioactive iodine ablation, yet the treatment ofadvancedcases is frustrating and largely ineffective. Systemic treatment with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy is basically ineffective in most patients with advanced DTC. However, a better understanding of the genetics and biologic basis of thyroid cancers has generated opportunities for innovative therapeutic modalities, resulting in several clinical trials. We aim to delineate the latest knowledge regarding the biologic characteristics of DTC and to describe the available data related to novel targeted therapies that have demonstrated clinical effectiveness.

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