scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Drug Susceptibility Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Strains Responsible of Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Major Rearing Region in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francioli Koro Koro ◽  
Alphonse Um Boock ◽  
Afi Leslie Kaiyven ◽  
Juergen Noeske ◽  
Cristina Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Antituberculosis Drug ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Unique Clone

Background. Cameroon this last decade continues to present a low contribution ofM. africanumandM. bovisin human tuberculosis (TB), whileM. boviswas prevalent in cattle but all these pieces of information only concerned West and Center regions.Methods. We carried out the first study in Adamaoua, one of the most rearing regions of Cameroon, on the genetic structure and drug susceptibility of the MTBC strains isolated from newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive patients aged 15 years and above. For that purpose, spoligotyping, a modified 15 standard MIRU/VNTR loci typing, and the proportion method were used.Results. Four hundred and thirty-seven MTBC isolates were analyzed by spoligotyping. Of these, 423 were identified asM. tuberculosis, within the Cameroon family being dominant with 278 (65.7%) isolates; twelve (2.75%) isolates were classified asM. africanumand two asM. bovis. MIRU/VNTR typing of the most prevalent sublineage (SIT 61) suggested that this lineage is not a unique clone as thought earlier but could constitute a group of strains implicated to different pocket of TB transmission. OnlyM. tuberculosissublineages were associated with antituberculosis drug resistance.Conclusion. These results showed the weak contribution ofM. africanumandM. bovisto human active pulmonary tuberculosis in Cameroon even in the rearing region.

Nutrient Supplementation as Adjunct Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
To Receive

The study examined the effect of supplementation with multivitamins and trace elements on microbiological and radiological recovery in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Forty-four patients aged 28–50 years were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis based on X-ray of the chest and smear examination of the sputum for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. They were all treated for six months with a standard anti-tuberculosis regimen that has been found to be effective worldwide for disease control. The subjects were randomized to receive either a multivitamin-trace element supplement or a placebo containing calcium. The two groups were matched on all relevant confounding variables. At two months into the treatment, the group that was supplemented with a multivitamin-trace element preparation showed a significant reduction in the number of individuals with sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacillus: two out of 22 individuals, compared with seven out of 22 among placebo-treated controls (p = 0.028, Fisher’s test). It is concluded that patients with tuberculosis should be supplemented with a suitable micronutrient preparation that contains optimum amounts of all vitamins and trace elements that have been documented to enhance the immune response.

Delayed sputum smear conversion due to cigarette smoking in active pulmonary tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Mejri Ep Ajili ◽  
Soumaya Ben Saad ◽  
Achref Ben Tkhayet ◽  
Hafaoua Daghfous ◽  
Fatma Tritar
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Diagnostic performance of automated liquid culture and molecular line probe assay in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Kotwal ◽  
Debasis Biswas ◽  
Shailendra Raghuvanshi ◽  
Girish Sindhwani ◽  
Barnali Kakati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Molecular Line ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Probe Assay

The diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is particularly challenging, and automated liquid culture and molecular line probe assays (LPA) may prove particularly useful. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of automated liquid culture (ALC) technology and commercial LPA in sputum smear-negative PTB suspects. Spot sputum samples were collected from 145 chest-symptomatic smear-negative patients and subjected to ALC, direct drug susceptibility test (DST) testing and LPA, as per manufacturers’ instructions. A diagnostic yield of 26.2% was observed among sputum smear-negative TB suspects with 47.4% of the culture isolates being either INH- and/or rifampicin-resistant. Complete agreement was observed between the results of ALC assay and LPA except for two isolates which demonstrated sensitivity to INH and rifampicin at direct DST but were rifampicin-resistant in LPA. Two novel mutations were also detected among the multidrug isolates by LPA. In view of the diagnostic challenges associated with the diagnosis of TB in sputum smear-negative patients, our study demonstrates the applicability of ALC and LPA in establishing diagnostic evidence of TB.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Merid ◽  
Elena Hailu ◽  
Getnet Habtamu ◽  
Melaku Tilahun ◽  
Markos Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) is limited by lack of genotyping data. We sought to characterize the drug susceptibility testing (DST) patterns and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates in Southern Ethiopia. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed sputum smear positive patients with TB visiting nine health facilities in southern Ethiopia from June 2015 to May 2016. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot-morning-spot) per patient were examined using acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy with all smear positive specimens having AFB cultures performed. Mtb isolates had DST performed using indirect proportion method and were genotyped with RD9 deletion typing and spoligotyping. Spoligotyping International Types (SIT) and sub-lineages (clades) were assigned according to the SITVITWEB data base. Results Among 250 newly diagnosed patients with TB, 154 (52%) were male and 143 (57%) from rural areas. The prevalence of HIV co-infection was 4%. Of the 250 AFB positive sputum samples, 230 (92%) were culture positive. All 230 isolates were M. tuberculosis strains belonging to three lineages: Euro-American, 187 (81%); East-African-Indian, 31 (14%); and Lineage 7 (Ethiopian lineage), 8 (4%). The 230 isolates could be categorized into 65 different spoligotype patterns, of which 84% fell into 29 clusters. The dominant spoligotypes were SIT149 (21%), SIT53 (19%) and new strains (16%). Mtb strains were clustered by districts. DST revealed that 14% of Mtb isolates were resistant to > 1 first line anti-TB drugs including 11% to isoniazid. SIT 149 was the most prevalent genotype among drug resistant isolates (20%). Conclusion The study revealed several clusters including lineage 7 strains circulating in southern Ethiopia. SIT 149 (T3-ETH) was the most dominant circulating strain in the study area including among drug-resistant cases.

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