Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell as a New Source for Cancer Immunotherapy

The immune system consists of cells, proteins, and other molecules that beside each other have a protective function for the host against foreign pathogens. One of the most essential features of the immune system is distinguishability between self- and non-self-cells. This function has an important role in limiting development and progression of cancer cells. In this case, the immune system can detect tumor cell as a foreign pathogen; so, it can be effective in elimination of tumors in their early phases of development. This ability of the immune system resulted in the development of a novel therapeutic field for cancer treatment using host immune components which is called cancer immunotherapy. The main purpose of cancer immunotherapy is stimulation of a strong immune response against the tumor cells that can result from expressing either the immune activator cytokines in the tumor area or gene-modified immune cells. Because of the problems of culturing and manipulating immune cells ex vivo, in recent years, embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) have been used as new sources for generation of modified immune stimulatory cells. In this paper, we reviewed some of the progressions in iPSC technology for cancer immunotherapy.

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Cardiotoxicity evaluation using human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-017-0473-x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Qi Zhao ◽

Xijie Wang ◽

Shuyan Wang ◽

Zheng Song ◽

Jiaxian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Induced Pluripotent

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Abstract 16007: Functional Comparison of Human Embryonic Stem Cell- versus Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Rat Ischemic Myocardial Infarction Model

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.16007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Wenyi Chen ◽

Johannes Riegler ◽

Elena Matsa ◽

Qi Shen ◽

Haodi Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Embryonic Stem Cell ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Introduction: Both human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) can serve as an unlimited cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, the functional equivalency of both approaches has not been previously reported. Here we performed head-to-head comparison on the beneficial effects of ESC-CM and iPSC-CMs in restoring cardiac function in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. Methods & Results: Human ESCs and iPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using small molecules. FACS analysis confirmed ~85% and ~83% of cells differentiated from ESCs and iPSCs, respectively, were positive for cardiac troponin T, and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs have striated sarcomeric structure (Figure A-B). Both ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs displayed similar maturity for calcium handling (transient amplitude: ΔF/F 0 = 3.8±0.3; time to peak: ~200 ms; 50% transient duration: ~400 ms). qRT-PCR showed that ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs expressed CASQ2, GJA5, KCNJ2, KCNJ5, MYH6, MYH7, and SCN5A at comparable levels to human fetal heart tissue. Next, ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs were injected into the left ventricular free wall of infarcted hearts (adult nude rats; n=14, 10, respectively). Cardiac function was assessed by MRI one month post cell injection and the hearts were harvested and stained for human cardiac markers. Both ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs could engraft in ischemic rat hearts (Figure C). Comprehensive functional analysis with small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), echocardiography, and pressure-volume loop analysis are underway. Conclusion: We set out to perform head to head comparison for the first time that iPSC-CMs may facilitate cardiac repair at comparable levels to ESC-CMs. Unlike allogeneic ESC-CM therapy, autologous iPSC-CMs could be used to overcome immune rejection for cardiac cell transplantation in the future.

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Applications of human induced pluripotent stem cell and human embryonic stem cell models for substance use disorders

10.1016/b978-0-12-823882-0.00006-0 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 153-177

Author(s):

Kristen L. Boeshore ◽

Chun-Ting Lee ◽

William J. Freed

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem Cell ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Cell Models ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Stem Cell Models

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A Novel Purification Method of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell– and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes by Simple Manual Dissociation

CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs ◽

10.1177/1087057111434145 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 683-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tadahiro Shinozawa ◽

Hatsue Furukawa ◽

Eimei Sato ◽

Kenji Takami

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem Cell ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Thin Glass ◽

Murine Embryonic Stem Cell ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells (ES-CMs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-CMs) are useful for toxicity and pharmacology screening. In the present study, we found that cardiomyocyte-rich beating cell clusters (CCs) emerged from murine embryonic stem cell (mESC)–derived beating EBs and from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)–derived beating EBs dissociated by gentle pipetting with a thin glass pipette. The percentage of cardiac troponin T (cTnT)–positive cells in the beating CCs obtained from mESC-derived and hiPSC-derived beating EBs was higher (81.5% and 91.6%, respectively) than in beating-undissociated EBs (13.7% and 67.1%, respectively). For mESCs, the yield of cTnT-positive cells from beating CCs was estimated to be 1.6 times higher than that of beating EBs. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of mouse ES-CMs and human iPS-CMs in beating CCs was 1.5- and 3.2-fold, respectively, greater than those in beating EBs. To investigate the utility of the cells in toxicity assessment, we showed that doxorubicin, a cardiotoxic drug, induced myofilament disruption in cardiomyocytes isolated by this method. This simple method enables preparation of mouse ES-CMs and human iPS-CMs with better proliferative activity than beating EBs not dissociated by pipetting, and the cardiomyocytes are useful for drug-induced myocardial toxicity testing.

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