scholarly journals A Review of the Literature on Extrarenal Retroperitoneal Angiomyolipoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
Keyword(s):  
Radical Nephrectomy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Selective Embolization ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Benign Tumours

Background. Extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipomas are rare.Aim. To review the literature.Results. Angiomyolipomas, previously classified as hamartomas, are now classified as benign tumours. Thirty cases of primary retroperitoneal angiomyolipomas have been reported. Diagnosis of the disease upon is based radiological and pathological findings of triphasic features of (a) fat and (b) blood vessels and myoid tissue. Immunohistochemistry tends to be positive for HMB45, MART1, HHF35, calponin, NKI-C3, and CD117. The lesion is common in women. Treatment options have included the following: (a) radical surgical excision of the lesion with renal sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy in cases where malignant tumours could not be excluded and (b) selective embolization of the lesion alone or prior to surgical excision. One case of retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma was reported in a patient 15 years after undergoing radical nephrectomy for angiomyolipoma of kidney and two cases of distant metastases of angiomyolipoma have been reported following radical resection of the tumour.Conclusions. With the report of two cases of metastases ensuing surgical resection of the primary lesions there is need for academic pathologists to debate and review angiomyolipomas to decide whether to reclassify angiomyolipomas as slow-growing malignant tumours or whether the reported cases of metastases were de novo tumours or metastatic lesions.

scholarly journals PAROTID SWELLING IN CHILDREN

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
ABID HAMEED SHEIKH ◽  
EHSAN UL HAQ ◽  
MUHAMMAD ZULFIQAR ANJUM ◽  
Gulzar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Parotid Region ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Parotid Swelling ◽  
Benign Tumours

Objective: To describe the clinical and pathological presentation as well as treatment options of parotid swelling inchildren. D e s i g n : Descriptive case series study. S e t t i n g : Department of Paediatric Surgery Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Period:From Nov2005 to Jul2007. Material a n d m e t h o d : All patients of either sex below the age of 13 years presenting with parotid swelling wereincluded in the study. Clinical presentations, preoperative investigations, operative procedures, histopathology reports, postoperativecomplications and further management (radiotherapy &chemotherapy) were recorded. Results: Twelve patients presented with parotidswelling. Commonest presentation was a lump over the parotid region (100%) & pain (25%). Majority of tumours were benign (50%).Vascular lesions outnumbered solid tumours. 4 patients (33.33%) had haemangioma 1 patient (8.33%) had cystic hygroma, one patienteach of pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma. C o n c l u s i o n : Salivary gland lesions are most likelyinflammatory in origin. Vascular tumours are common benign tumours than epithelial tumours in children. Superficial parotidectomy is theoperation for benign tumours and total conservative parotidectomy for malignant tumours.

Multiple organ resection for large paraganglioma − a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Paragangliomas represent a group of neuroendocrine tumours which occur in various localizations. Most of them produce catecholamines, and in advanced cases present with typical symptoms and signs such as palpitations, headache and hypertension. The only curative treatment is radical resection. About one-quarter of paragangliomas are malignant, defined by the presence of distant metastases. There are multiple treatment options for unresectable metastatic tumours. They include radionuclid therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, although none of them are curative. Cytoreductive surgery can also be considered, especially when the goal is to decrease symptoms related to advanced disease. We present a rare case of a large paraganglioma of the left retroperitoneum. Despite radical surgery, early recurrence of the disease was observed.

Invasion, metastasis, and tumour dormancy

2019 ◽  
pp. 270-282
Author(s):  
Andrey Ugolkov ◽  
Andrew P. Mazar
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
The Third ◽  
Variable Period ◽  
Tumour Dormancy ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Benign Tumours

Tumours can be either benign or malignant. A first difference is that the primary malignant tumour infiltrates the surrounding tissue while, with very few exceptions, the benign tumours do not infiltrate. The second and main one is that, by definition, the malignant tumours are able to produce metastatic lesions in other organs. Finally, metastases can declare themselves even after period of years from the appearance of the first lesion. This is because of the third property of the malignant cells i.e. their ability to spread and then do not immediately grow into a detectable metastasis, but to be ‘dormant’ for a variable period.

scholarly journals The investigation of histopathology and locations of excised eyelid masses in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000344
Author(s):  
Shang-Lin Wang ◽  
Charlotte Dawson ◽  
Li-Ning Wei ◽  
Chung-Tien Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Benign Tumours ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Mass Volume

BackgroundEyelid masses are the most common ocular diseases in dogs. However, there are no studies specifically investigating the location of eyelid masses.Methods118 dogs with 119 eyelid masses were included. Medical records and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed at National Taiwan University veterinary hospital and Vision Eyecare Centre for Animals between 2012 and 2017.ResultsMean age of dogs was 9.4±2.5 years. Female spayed dogs had significantly higher prevalence of eyelid mass than female intact dogs (p<0.01). Prevalence of upper eyelid mass was significantly higher than lower eyelid mass (p<0.01). The upper lateral eyelid was the significantly more common location compared with the upper medial eyelid. Mean mass volume was 258.2±661.0 mm3. The most common eyelid mass type was meibomian epithelioma (34.5%), followed by meibomian adenoma (29.4%) and meibomian hyperplasia (18.5%). Non-tumours comprised 25.2%, benign tumours comprised 67.2% and malignant tumours comprised 7.6% of all eyelid masses. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign lesions (p<0.01). All dogs underwent surgical excision without any complications.ConclusionThe majority of eyelid masses were benign. Surgical intervention can prevent further ocular irritation and provide good prognosis.

scholarly journals A clinical study of endoscopic management of benign tumors of nasopharynx

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Devang P. Gupta ◽  
Shreya Rai ◽  
Shalu Gupta ◽  
Nikita Ganvit ◽  
Jaydeep Makwana
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Capillary Hemangioma ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benign Tumours

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Benign tumors of nasopharynx are extremely rare; seen predominantly in children and young adults. Patients usually present with seemingly innocuous symptoms and an error in judgment can be catastrophic. Aim of our study is to analyse the incidence of these lesions, common presenting features and outcomes of endoscopic management.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed to have benign tumours of nasopharynx by histopathological examination in our ENT department of civil hospital, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. The period of study is from January 2016 to January 2018. Forty patients with complete clinical data were identified and included in the study. 33 patients out of 40 (83%) were males and 7 were females (17%). Following surgical excision patients were followed up for a mean period of 2 years. The Clinical profile, investigation modalities, treatment options are being analysed here.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Forty patients had undergone surgical excision for tumours arising from the nasopharynx. The mean age was 21.37 years (range 10–43). Thirty three patients were males and seven were females. Indications for resection were juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in thirty cases, lobular capillary hemangioma in four cases, paraganglioma in two cases, hemangiopericytoma in two cases, and neurofibroma in two cases. There were no significant post-operative complications. Recurrence due to residual lesion was seen in three cases. The mean follow up period was 2 years (range 1-3 years).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is important to note that patients with similar symptoms have varied pathology and thus need for radiological evaluation, JNA is commonest benign nasopharyngeal tumor and surgical approach<strong> </strong>depends on size and extent of tumor.</p>

scholarly journals Real-life use of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in melanoma patients in centers in Austria, Switzerland and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e001701
Author(s):  
Julia Maria Ressler ◽  
Matthias Karasek ◽  
Lukas Koch ◽  
Rita Silmbrod ◽  
Joanna Mangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Talimogene Laherparepvec ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Melanoma Patients

BackgroundTalimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a licensed therapy for use in melanoma patients of stage IIIB-IVM1a with injectable, unresectable metastatic lesions in Europe. Approval was based on the Oncovex Pivotal Trial in Melanoma study, which also included patients with distant metastases and demonstrated an overall response rate (ORR) of 40.5% and a complete response (CR) rate of 16.6%.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the outcome of melanoma patients treated with T-VEC in a real-life clinical setting.MethodsBased on data from 10 melanoma centers in Austria, Switzerland and southern Germany, we conducted a retrospective chart review, which included 88 patients (44 male, 44 female) with a median age of 72 years (range 36–95 years) treated with T-VEC during the period from May 2016 to January 2020.Results88 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for analysis. The ORR was 63.7%. 38 patients (43.2%) showed a CR, 18 (20.5%) had a partial response, 8 (9.1%) had stable disease and 24 (27.3%) patients had a progressive disease. The median treatment period was 19 weeks (range: 1–65), an average of 11 doses (range: 1–36) were applied. 39 (45.3%) patients developed adverse events, mostly mild, grade I (64.1%).ConclusionThis real-life cohort treatment with T-VEC showed a high ORR and a large number of durable CRs.

scholarly journals Therapeutic clinical trials to combat COVID-19 pandemic in India: analysis from trial registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Batta ◽  
Raj Khirasaria ◽  
Vinod Kapoor ◽  
Deepansh Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Trial Registry ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Microsoft Office

AbstractObjectivesWith the emergence of Novel corona virus, hunt for finding a preventive and therapeutic treatment options has already begun at a rapid pace with faster clinical development programs. The present study was carried out to give an insight of therapeutic interventional trials registered under clinical trial registry of India (CTRI) for COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAll trials registered under CTRI were evaluated using keyword “COVID” from its inception till 9th June 2020. Out of which, therapeutic interventional studies were chosen for further analysis. Following information was collected for each trial: type of therapeutic intervention (preventive/therapeutic), treatment given, no. of centers (single center/multicentric), type of institution (government/private), study design (randomized/single-blinded/double-blinded) and sponsors (Government/private). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used for tabulation and analysis.ResultsThe search yielded total of 205 trials, out of which, 127 (62%) trials were interventional trials. Out of these, 71 (56%) were AYUSH interventions, 36 (28.3%) tested drugs, 9 (7%) tested a nondrug intervention, rest were nutraceuticals and vaccines. About 66 (56%) were therapeutic trials. Majority were single-centered trials, i.e. 87 (73.7%). Trials were government funded in 57 (48.3%) studies. Majority were randomized controlled trials, i.e. 67 (56.8%). AYUSH preparations included AYUSH-64, Arsenic Album, SamshamaniVati etc.ConclusionsThe number of therapeutic interventional clinical trials was fair in India. A clear-cut need exists for an increase in both quantity and quality of clinical trials for COVID-19. Drug repurposing approach in all systems of medicine can facilitate prompt clinical decisions at lower costs than de novo drug development.

scholarly journals 4E Interacting Protein as a Potential Novel Drug Target for Nucleoside Analogues in Trypanosoma Brucei

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Dorien Mabille ◽  
Camila Cardoso Santos ◽  
Rik Hendrickx ◽  
Mathieu Claes ◽  
Peter Takac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Adenosine Kinase ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
Purine Salvage ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Novel Drug

Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected parasitic disease for which the current treatment options are quite limited. Trypanosomes are not able to synthesize purines de novo and thus solely depend on purine salvage from the host environment. This characteristic makes players of the purine salvage pathway putative drug targets. The activity of known nucleoside analogues such as tubercidin and cordycepin led to the development of a series of C7-substituted nucleoside analogues. Here, we use RNA interference (RNAi) libraries to gain insight into the mode-of-action of these novel nucleoside analogues. Whole-genome RNAi screening revealed the involvement of adenosine kinase and 4E interacting protein into the mode-of-action of certain antitrypanosomal nucleoside analogues. Using RNAi lines and gene-deficient parasites, 4E interacting protein was found to be essential for parasite growth and infectivity in the vertebrate host. The essential nature of this gene product and involvement in the activity of certain nucleoside analogues indicates that it represents a potential novel drug target.

Review of treatment and therapeutic targets in brain arteriovenous malformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2110267
Author(s):  
Peipei Pan ◽  
Shantel Weinsheimer ◽  
Daniel Cooke ◽  
Ethan Winkler ◽  
Adib Abla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are an important cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), especially in younger patients. The pathogenesis of bAVM are largely unknown. Current understanding of bAVM etiology is based on studying genetic syndromes, animal models, and surgically resected specimens from patients. The identification of activating somatic mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene and other mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) pathway genes has opened up new avenues for bAVM study, leading to a paradigm shift to search for somatic, de novo mutations in sporadic bAVMs instead of focusing on inherited genetic mutations. Through the development of new models and understanding of pathways involved in maintaining normal vascular structure and functions, promising therapeutic targets have been identified and safety and efficacy studies are underway in animal models and in patients. The goal of this paper is to provide a thorough review or current diagnostic and treatment tools, known genes and key pathways involved in bAVM pathogenesis to summarize current treatment options and potential therapeutic targets uncovered by recent discoveries.

HISTOPATHOLOGICALANALYSIS OF TUMOURS AND TUMOUR-LIKE LESIONS OF COLON AND RECTUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Durga Nand Jha ◽  
Hari Shankar Mishra ◽  
Ajit Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Juvenile Polyp ◽  
Tubular Adenoma ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Colorectal Biopsies ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Benign Tumours

Background:Tumours and tumour like lesions of the colon and rectum have overlapping clinical presentation and may be difcult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone. Histopathological examination although helpful to arrive at correct diagnosis, at times may be difcult and may require ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study enrolled 125 cases of colorectal biopsies after histopathological conrmation of tumours and tumour like lesions. The specimens were received at the Department of Pathology, DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar from December 2019 to November 2020. Results: Out of 125 cases, 32 cases were benign tumours, 36 cases were malignant tumours and 57 cases were tumour like lesions. Most common age range was 51-60 years with mean age of 38 years. Males comprised 76.74% and females 23.26% with ratio of 3:1. Juvenile polyp was the commonest lesion. Among benign tumours, tubular adenoma was the most common (19.2%), adenocarcinoma was most common malignant tumour (25.6%) and juvenile polyp was the most common tumour like lesion (27.2%). Left side was most common side (66.67%) and rectum was the most common site (48.8%). Conclusions: The commonest indications for colorectal biopsies were tumours and tumour like lesions. Juvenile polyp was the most common tumour like lesion, tubular adenoma was the most common benign tumour and adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. Histopathological examination is a gold standard for conrmation of all tumour and tumours like lesions of colon and rectum.

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