scholarly journals The Relationship between Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity in African Women Living with the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clamp Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Doh ◽  
Armand Mbanya ◽  
Jean Dupont Kemfang-Ngowa ◽  
Sama Dohbit ◽  
Mycilline Tchana-Sinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
African Women ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Clamp Study ◽  
Resting Energy

Objectives. We aimed to assess the variation of insulin sensitivity in relation to obesity in women living with PCOS in a sub-Sahara African setting.Methods. We studied body composition, insulin sensitivity, and resting energy expenditure in 14 PCOS patients (6 obese and 8 nonobese) compared to 10 matched nonobese non-PCOS subjects. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the gold standard 80 mU/m2/min euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry.Results. Insulin sensitivity adjusted to lean mass was lowest in obese PCOS subjects and highest in healthy subjects (11.2[10.1–12.4]versus 12.9[12.1–13.8]versus 16.6[13.8–17.9],p=0.012); there was a tendency for resting energy expenditure adjusted for total body mass to decrease across the groups highest in obese PCOS subjects (1411[1368–1613]versus 1274[1174–1355]versus 1239[1195–1454],p=0.306).Conclusion. In this sub-Saharan population, insulin resistance is associated with PCOS per se but is further aggravated by obesity. Obesity did not seem to be explained by low resting energy expenditure suggesting that dietary intake may be a determinant of the obesity in this context.

scholarly journals Resting Energy Expenditure and Related Factors in 6- to 9-Year-Old Southern African Children of Diverse Population Groups

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Adeline Pretorius ◽  
Paola Wood ◽  
Piet Becker ◽  
Friedeburg Wenhold
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
African Women ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resting Energy

Lower resting energy expenditure (REE) may partially explain the disproportionate prevalence of overweight/obesity among black African women. As no previous studies have investigated the REE of Southern African (South. Afr.) children, we aimed to determine, by sex and population group, the REE of 6- to 9-year-old urban school children. In a cross-sectional study with quota sampling, REE was measured with indirect calorimetry (IC). Confounders considered were: body composition (BC) (fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index, fat mass (FM), FM index), assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and physical activity (PA) measured with a pedometer. Multivariate regression was used to calculate REE adjusted for phenotypes (BC, z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index-for-age) and PA. Sex and population differences in REE were determined with two-way ANOVA. Ninety-four healthy children (59.6% girls; 52.1% black) with similar socioeconomic status and PA opportunities participated. Despite BC variations, sex differences in REE were not significant (41 kcal/day; P = 0.375). The REE of black participants was lower than of white (146 kcal/day; P = 0.002). When adjusted for FFM and HFA z-score, the differences in REE declined but remained clinically meaningful at 91 kcal/day (P = 0.039) and 82 kcal/day (P = 0.108), respectively. We recommend the development of population-specific REE prediction equations for South. Afr. children.

scholarly journals Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Black Versus White Prepubertal Healthy Children1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1923-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva Arslanian ◽  
Chittiwat Suprasongsin ◽  
Janine E. Janosky
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract We had previously demonstrated greater insulin secretion and lower insulin sensitivity in black pubertal adolescents compared with whites. This study aimed to investigate whether similar black/white differences are present in the prepubertal period or are characteristics of the pubertal period. Twelve black and 11 white healthy prepubertal children, matched for age, body mass index, and Tanner I pubertal development, underwent a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (225 mg/dL). Physical fitness was assessed by maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) measurement during graded bicycle ergometry, and resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry after overnight fast. Fasting and first phase insulin concentrations were higher in blacks than in whites [14.7 ± 1.3 vs. 10.4 ± 1.2 (P = 0.02) and 76.9 ± 6.8 vs. 52.1 ± 6.4 μU/mL (P = 0.016)]. There were no differences in second phase insulin levels and insulin sensitivity index. Both maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and resting energy expenditure were lower in black children, whereas insulin-like growth factor I was higher. After controlling for these differences, race contributed significantly to basal insulin, but not to first phase insulin. In summary, previously reported black/white differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity during adolescence may have their origin in early childhood manifested as hyperinsulinemia. However, genetic (race) vs. environmental factors (physical activity/fitness and energy balance) should be carefully scrutinized as potential factors responsible for such differences.

Resting Energy Expenditure of Black Overweight Women in South Africa Is Lower than of White Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Natascha Olivier ◽  
Friedeburg A.M. Wenhold ◽  
Piet Becker
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
White Women ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
African Women ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Resting Energy

Background: Overweight affects 65% of black South African women. Effective weight management requires accurate measurement or estimation of energy expenditure. Aims: The study aimed to determine, among overweight women, whether measured resting energy expenditure (REE) differs between black and white participants, and the performance of REE estimation equations. Methods: The REE of 44 black (age 39.6 ± 9.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2) and 41 white (age 38.0 ± 11.6 years, BMI 33.9 ± 7.6 kg/m2) women was measured with indirect calorimetry and estimated with equations. Body composition was assessed with multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Differences in REE were determined with t tests (Welch), and included adjustment for fat free mass (FFM) and BMI, and for FFM index (FFMI). Results: Measured REE was 585 kJ/day (95% CI 264-905; p = 0.0005) and 861 kJ/day (95% CI 499-1,221; p < 0.0001) lower in black than in white women when adjusted for FFM and BMI, and FFMI, respectively. Out of 14 equations, 13 underestimated REE (error range 2,261 ± 727 kJ/day (Bernstein equation, white women) to 8 ± 782 kJ/day (BMI equation, black women)). Conclusions: Black overweight women have significantly lower REE than their white counterparts. No tested estimation equation provided satisfactory results across race/ethnicity. REE measurements or development of overweight- or race/ethnicity-specific estimation equations are recommended.

Erythropoietin administration acutely stimulates resting energy expenditure in healthy young men

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Mikkel H. Vendelbo ◽  
Thomas Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm ◽  
Michael Madsen ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Substrate Metabolism ◽  
Resting Energy

Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) improves insulin sensitivity in patients with end-stage renal disease, and animal studies indicate that Epo increases fat oxidation. However, the metabolic effects of rHuEpo have never been experimentally studied in healthy humans. The aim was to investigate the effects of an acute rHuEpo bolus on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy young men. Ten healthy young men were studied in a single-blinded, randomized crossover design with a 2-wk washout period receiving 400 IU/kg rHuEpo or placebo. Substrate metabolism was evaluated by indirect calorimetry and tracer infusions, and insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp; and PCR and Western blotting measured protein expression and content, respectively. Resting energy expenditure (REE) increased significantly after rHuEpo [basal: 1,863.3 ± 67.2 (kcal/day) (placebo) vs. 2,041.6 ± 81.2 (rHuEpo), P < 0.001; clamp: 1,903.9 ± 68.3 (placebo) vs. 2,015.7 ± 114.4 (rHuEpo), P = 0.03], but the increase could not be explained by changes in mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 2 or 3. Fat oxidation in the basal state tended to be higher after rHuEpo but could not be explained by changes in mRNA levels of CPT1 and PPARα or AMPK and ACC protein phosphorylation. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, glucose metabolism, and whole body and forearm protein metabolism did not change significantly in response to rHuEpo. In conclusion, a single injection of rHuEpo acutely increases REE in healthy human subjects. This calorigenic effect is not accompanied by distinct alterations in the pattern of substrate metabolism or insulin sensitivity.

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