Hazardous Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ecosystem

Although nanoparticles (NPs) have made incredible progress in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical research and their applications are demanded throughout industrial world particularly over the past decades, little is known about the fate of nanoparticles in ecosystem. Concerning the biosafety of nanotechnology, nanotoxicity is going to be the second most priority of nanotechnology that needs to be properly addressed. This review covers the chemical as well as the biological concerns about nanoparticles particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs and emphasizes the toxicological profile of TiO2at the molecular level in both in vitro and in vivo systems. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of nanotoxicology are discussed that may provide better understanding and new insights into ongoing and future research in this field.

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Quercetin and Idebenone Ameliorate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA damage, and Apoptosis Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rat Liver

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325818812188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 155932581881218 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Laila M. Fadda ◽

Hanan Hagar ◽

Azza M. Mohamed ◽

Hanaa M. Ali

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Wide Range ◽

Factor Α ◽

Immunoglobin G ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are extensively used in a wide range of applications; however, many reports have investigated their nanotoxicological effect at the molecular level either in vitro or in vivo systems. The defensive roles of quercetin (Qur) or idebenone (Id) against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs were evaluated in the current study. The results showed that the coadministration of Qur or Id to rats intoxicated with TiO2-NPs markedly ameliorated the elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum alanine amino-transferase (ALT), glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobin G (IgG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to their levels in TiO2-NPs-treated rats. The aforementioned antioxidants also effectively modulated the changes in the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), hepatic DNA breakage, caspase-3, and inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s; CYP4502E12E1) in rat livers induced by TiO2-NPs toxicity. The histopathological examination of the liver section showed that TiO2-NPs caused severe degeneration of most hepatocytes with an increase in collagen in the portal region, while treatment with the antioxidants in question improved liver architecture. These outcomes supported the use of Qur and Id as protective agents against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs and other hepatotoxic drugs.

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Exploration of cytotoxic and genotoxic endpoints following sub-chronic oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233719879611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 577-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Srijita Chakrabarti ◽

Danswrang Goyary ◽

Sanjeev Karmakar ◽

Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Chromosomal Breakage ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Higher Doses

Health hazards of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have raised severe concerns because of the paucity of information regarding the toxic effects among the population. In the present research, the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic potential of TiO2-NPs were evaluated using flow cytometric techniques. Further, in vitro and in vivo genotoxic endpoints were estimated by means of comet, micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberration (CA) assays. In vitro analysis was performed at the concentration range of 10–100 µg/mL using murine RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted on Albino mice (M/F) by exposing them to 200 and 500 mg/kg TiO2-NPs for 90 days. Decreased percentage of cell viability with higher doses of TiO2-NPs was evident in both in vitro and in vivo flow cytometric analysis. Further, an impaired cell cycle (G0/G1, S, and G2/M) was reflected in the present investigation following the exposure to TiO2-NPs. Increased comet scores such as tail length, % DNA in tail, tail moment, and olive moment were also observed with the higher doses of TiO2-NPs in vitro and in vivo comet assays. Finally, the in vivo MN and CA assays revealed the formation of MN and chromosomal breakage following the exposure to TiO2-NPs.

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Agglomeration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases toxicological responses in vitro and in vivo

Particle and Fibre Toxicology ◽

10.1186/s12989-020-00341-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sivakumar Murugadoss ◽

Frederic Brassinne ◽

Noham Sebaihi ◽

Jasmine Petry ◽

Stevan M. Cokic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles tested for genotoxicity with the comet and micronucleus assays in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 843 ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alena Kazimirova ◽

Magdalena Baranokova ◽

Marta Staruchova ◽

Martina Drlickova ◽

Katarina Volkovova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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In vitro and In vivo anticancer activity of surface modified paclitaxel attached hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Biomedical Microdevices ◽

10.1007/s10544-013-9767-7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 711-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

G. Devanand Venkatasubbu ◽

S. Ramasamy ◽

G. Pramod Reddy ◽

J. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Surface Modified

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Mapping the Decadal (2009–2018) Research Landscape of Nanotoxicity: Insights from a Bibliometric Study

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2019.3015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1327-1337

Author(s):

Xin Chen

Keyword(s):

Rapid Development ◽

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Future Research ◽

Imaging Diagnosis ◽

Safety Issues ◽

The Past ◽

Institutional Impact

Nanomaterials (NMs) have wide applications in industrial and household areas, and possibilities of exposure to NMs are increasing, prompting considerable concerns about safety issues related to them. This paper describes the research landscape of nanotoxicity over the past ten years by adopting bibliometric methods. Annual, regional, and institutional distributions, as well as regional/institutional impact of literature on nanotoxicity were analyzed. Both quantitative and citation-based analyses were carried out to reveal the research hotspots. Results showed that cytotoxicity was the most concerned issue in the application of NMs, especially in imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. There were also a large number of studies on ecotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, genotoxicity, inflammation, and reproductive toxicity caused by NMs. NMs such as Ag, Au, graphene-based materials (GBMs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TiO2, SiO2, etc. were the most studied materials. Moreover, a growing number of both in vivo and in vitro studies involving NMs have been carried out in the past ten years. Mammalian models, such as mouse, human and rat, were the most studied models. A Sankey diagram between study types and experimental models showed that in vivo studies exceeded in vitro studies for some well-established animal models. Yet in-depth in vivo studies regarding interactions of NMs within human systems were still essential. With rapid development of nanotechnology, toxic and safety issues on NMs need to be addressed more specifically in future research.

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Human in vivo and in vitro studies on gastrointestinal absorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Kate Jones ◽

Jackie Morton ◽

Ian Smith ◽

Kerstin Jurkschat ◽

Anne-Helen Harding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Gastrointestinal Absorption

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The cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and Sargassum oligocystum on Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo.

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352518999201216095713 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Negar Asadi ◽

Shahram Khademvatan ◽

Habib Mohammadzadeh ◽

Behnam Heshmatiyan ◽

Sadegh Asghari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Annexin V ◽

Life Time ◽

Antiparasitic Activity ◽

Treatment Experiment

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and methanolic extract of Persian Gulf brown algae (Sargassum oligocystum) on the growth and cell death of T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Six to eightweekold female BALB/c mice (n = 28) were used for the treatment experiment and infected with 105 T. gondii tachyzoites. Four days after treatment, IFN-γ and the levels of splenic lymphocyte proliferation were measured. All the groups were challenged with T. gondii, and the survival rate of experimental mice was assessed. The effects of TiO2NPs and S. oligocystum on the proliferation of T. gondii were evaluated by MTT and annexin V staining in vitro. Results: Based on the results, the combination of S. oligocystum extract and TiO2NPs had more cytotoxic effect compared to their use separately. The results of challenge test also revealed that mice received combined treatment had the highest life time expectancy than those receiving the treatment alone. Conclusion: The simultaneous use of immunomodulatory compounds for the stimulation of the immune system as well as S. oligocystum and TiO2NPs with antiparasitic activity can be promising to develop an effective drug for the treatment of toxoplasmos.

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