scholarly journals A Secure Steganographic Algorithm Based on Frequency Domain for the Transmission of Hidden Information

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soria-Lorente ◽  
S. Berres
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Binary Sequence ◽  
Joint Photographic Expert Group ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Square Attack ◽  
Do So

This contribution proposes a novel steganographic method based on the compression standard according to the Joint Photographic Expert Group and an Entropy Thresholding technique. The steganographic algorithm uses one public key and one private key to generate a binary sequence of pseudorandom numbers that indicate where the elements of the binary sequence of a secret message will be inserted. The insertion takes eventually place at the first seven AC coefficients in the transformed DCT domain. Before the insertion of the message the image undergoes several transformations. After the insertion the inverse transformations are applied in reverse order to the original transformations. The insertion itself takes only place if an entropy threshold of the corresponding block is satisfied and if the pseudorandom number indicates to do so. The experimental work on the validation of the algorithm consists of the calculation of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the difference and correlation distortion metrics, the histogram analysis, and the relative entropy, comparing the same characteristics for the cover and stego image. The proposed algorithm improves the level of imperceptibility analyzed through the PSNR values. A steganalysis experiment shows that the proposed algorithm is highly resistant against the Chi-square attack.

Efficient Steganography Algorithm Based On DCT And Entropy Thresholding Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Satvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Entropy ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Random Function ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Binary Sequence ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Confidential Information

Steganography is the special art of hidding important and confidential information in appropriate multimedia carrier. It also restrict the detection of  hidden messages. In this paper we proposes steganographic method based on dct and entropy thresholding technique. The steganographic algorithm uses random function in order to select block of the image where the elements of the binary sequence of a secret message will be inserted. Insertion takes place at the lower frequency  AC coefficients of the  block. Before we insert the secret  message. Image under goes dc transformations after insertion of the secret message we apply inverse dc transformations. Secret message will only be inserted into a particular block if  entropy value of that particular block is greater then threshold value of the entropy and if block is selected by the random function. In  Experimental work we calculated the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR), Absolute difference , Relative entropy. Proposed algorithm give high value of PSNR  and low value of Absolute difference which clearly indicate level of distortion in image due to insertion of secret message is reduced. Also value of  relative entropy is close to zero which clearly indicate proposed algorithm is sufficiently secure. 

scholarly journals Information Hiding using LSB Technique based on Developed PSO Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisam Abed Shukur ◽  
Khalid Kadhim Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Carrier Medium ◽  
Lsb Technique ◽  
Lsb Substitution

<p>Generally, The sending process of secret information via the transmission channel or any carrier medium is not secured. For this reason, the techniques of information hiding are needed. Therefore, steganography must take place before transmission. To embed a secret message at optimal positions of the cover image under spatial domain, using the developed particle swarm optimization algorithm (Dev.-PSO) to do that purpose in this paper based on Least Significant Bits (LSB) using LSB substitution. The main aim of (Dev. -PSO) algorithm is determining an optimal paths to reach a required goals in the specified search space based on disposal of them, using (Dev.-PSO) algorithm produces the paths of a required goals with most efficient and speed. An agents population is used in determining process of a required goals at search space for solving of problem. The (Dev.-PSO) algorithm is applied to different images; the number of an image which used in the experiments in this paper is three. For all used images, the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) value is computed. Finally, the PSNR value of the stego-A that obtained from blue sub-band colo is equal (44.87) dB, while the stego-B is equal (44.45) dB, and the PSNR value for the stego-C is (43.97)dB, while the vlue of MSE that obtained from the same color sub-bans is (0.00989), stego-B equal to (0.01869), and stego-C is (0.02041). Furthermore, our proposed method has ability to survive the quality for the stego image befor and after hiding stage or under intended attack that used in the existing paper such as Gaussian noise, and salt &amp; pepper noise.</p>

Reversible data hiding method based on pixel expansion and homomorphic encryption

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 2977-2990
Author(s):  
R. Anushiadevi ◽  
Padmapriya Praveenkumar ◽  
John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan ◽  
Rengarajan Amirtharajan
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Homomorphic Encryption ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Pixel Expansion ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Encrypted Image ◽  
Location Map

Digital image steganography algorithms usually suffer from a lossy restoration of the cover content after extraction of a secret message. When a cover object and confidential information are both utilised, the reversible property of the cover is inevitable. With this objective, several reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithms are available in the literature. Conversely, because both are diametrically related parameters, existing RDH algorithms focus on either a good embedding capacity (EC) or better stego-image quality. In this paper, a pixel expansion reversible data hiding (PE-RDH) method with a high EC and good stego-image quality are proposed. The proposed PE-RDH method was based on three typical RDH schemes, namely difference expansion, histogram shifting, and pixel value ordering. The PE-RDH method has an average EC of 0.75 bpp, with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 30.89 dB. It offers 100% recovery of the original image and confidential hidden messages. To protect secret as well as cover the proposed PE-RDH is also implemented on the encrypted image by using homomorphic encryption. The strength of the proposed method on the encrypted image was verified based on a comparison with several existing methods, and the approach achieved better results than these methods in terms of its EC, location map size and imperceptibility of directly decrypted images.

scholarly journals Least Significant Braille Method in Steganography Using Digital Image Media For Security Message

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Megah Mulya ◽  
Zikry Sugiwa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Noise Ratio

Confidentiality of the message or the information is the most important and essential.  It is very influential on the party who has the valuable message when they want to exchange messages on others.  To keep the message is not known to others, the necessary security on the message.  Steganography is one technique for providing security to the message.  Steganography is a technique to hide messages in a medium, such as pictures, sounds and video.  Steganographic technique used in this study is the Least Significant Braille (LSBraille).  This technique makes use of human vision in the message on the bit value was not significant.  This study focuses on how much resistance level stego image to various image processes and measure results accuracy Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).  From the result of the insertion of a secret message, that the level of resistance stego image is not resistant to digital image processing.  The result of the calculation of PSNR value obtained from experiments on all data samples between 51-73 db.

Data Hiding Based on Improved Exploiting Modification Direction Method and Huffman Coding

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Ahmad ◽  
Ghazali Sulong ◽  
Amjad Rehman ◽  
Mohammed Hazim Alkawaz ◽  
Tanzila Saba
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Huffman Coding ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Secret Code ◽  
Exploiting Modification Direction ◽  
Emd Method

AbstractThe rapid growth of covert activities via communications network brought about an increasing need to provide an efficient method for data hiding to protect secret information from malicious attacks. One of the options is to combine two approaches, namely steganography and compression. However, its performance heavily relies on three major factors, payload, imperceptibility, and robustness, which are always in trade-offs. Thus, this study aims to hide a large amount of secret message inside a grayscale host image without sacrificing its quality and robustness. To realize the goal, a new two-tier data hiding technique is proposed that integrates an improved exploiting modification direction (EMD) method and Huffman coding. First, a secret message of an arbitrary plain text of characters is compressed and transformed into streams of bits; each character is compressed into a maximum of 5 bits per stream. The stream is then divided into two parts of different sizes of 3 and 2 bits. Subsequently, each part is transformed into its decimal value, which serves as a secret code. Second, a cover image is partitioned into groups of 5 pixels based on the original EMD method. Then, an enhancement is introduced by dividing the group into two parts, namely k1 and k2, which consist of 3 and 2 pixels, respectively. Furthermore, several groups are randomly selected for embedding purposes to increase the security. Then, for each selected group, each part is embedded with its corresponding secret code by modifying one grayscale value at most to hide the code in a (2ki + 1)-ary notational system. The process is repeated until a stego-image is eventually produced. Finally, the χ2 test, which is considered one of the most severe attacks, is applied against the stego-image to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of its robustness. The test revealed that the proposed method is more robust than both least significant bit embedding and the original EMD. Additionally, in terms of imperceptibility and capacity, the experimental results have also shown that the proposed method outperformed both the well-known methods, namely original EMD and optimized EMD, with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 55.92 dB and payload of 52,428 bytes.

scholarly journals Deteksi Steganografi Berbasis Least Significant Bit (LSB) Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Statistik

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Rokhman ◽  
Juwita Maharanti
Keyword(s):  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Square Attack

Abstrak— Pada  penelitian  ini dicoba dideteksi penyisipan pesan pada sebuah citra yang dilakukan dengan  teknik Least Significant Bit. Deteksi dilakukan dengan teknik Chi-square attack. Pada teknik ini dibandingkan distribusi frekuensi yang diharapkan secara teori dengan beberapa distribusi sampel yang diamati pada stego-image.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan steganalisis terhadap 10 macam citra yang disisipi dengan sebuah pesan yang berukuran 1kb, 2 kb dan 5 kb. Dicobakan juga 2 penyisipan berbeda, yakni dengan program Stegano dan StegoGraphyBMP.Dari percobaan yang dilakukan pada sepuluh stego-image dengan panjang pesan 1kb, 2kb, dan 5kb, Chi-square attack berhasil 80% mendeteksi pesan yang disisipkan pada sebuah citra dengan program Stegano dan berhasil 70% mendeteksi pesan yang disisipkan pada sebuah citra dengan program StegoGraphyBMP. Disamping itu diperoleh hasil bahwa ukuran pesan tidak berpengaruh pada proses steganalisis. Keywords—  Steganalisis, Chi-square.

Multilevel Secure Digital Image Steganography Framework Using Random Function and Advanced Encryption Standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4812-4825
Author(s):  
Mohsin N. Srayyih Almaliki
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Random Function ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Noise Ratio

One of the crucial aspects of processes and methodologies in the information and communication technology era is the security of information. The security of information should be a key priority in the secret exchange of information between two parties. In order to ensure the security of information, there are some strategies which are used, and they include steganography and cryptography. With cryptography, the secret message is converted into unintelligible text, but the existence of the secret message is noticed, nonetheless, steganography involves hiding the secret message in a way that its presence cannot be noticed. In this paper, a new secure image steganography framework which is known as an adaptive stego key LSB (ASK-LSB) framework is proposed. The construction of the proposed framework was carried out in four phases with the aim of improving the data-hiding algorithm in cover images by using capacity, image quality, and security. To achieve this, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the steganography framework was maintained. The four phases began with the image preparation phase, followed by the secret message preparation phase, embedding phase and finally extraction phase. The secure image steganography framework that is proposed in this study is based on a new adaptive of least significant bit substitution method, combination random function, and encryption method. In the proposed work, the secret bits are inserted directly or inversely, thereby enhancing the imperceptibility and complexity of the process of embedding. Results from the experiment reveal that the algorithm has better image quality index, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and payload used in the evaluation of the stego image.

scholarly journals Optimal Image Based Information Hiding with One-dimensional Chaotic Systems and Dynamic Programming

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinglei Song ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Junfeng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Dynamic Programming Method ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

Information hiding is a technology aimed at the secure hiding of important information into digital documents or media. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for the secure hiding of information into gray scale images. The hiding is performed in two stages. In the first stage, the binary bits in the sequence of information are shuffled and encoded with a set of integer keys and a system of one-dimensional logistic mappings. In the second stage, the resulting sequence is embedded into the gray values of selected pixels in the given image. A dynamic programming method is utilized to select the pixels that minimize the difference between a cover image and the corresponding stego image. Experiments show that this approach outperforms other information hiding methods by 13.1% in Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) on average and reduces the difference between a stego image and its cover image to 0 in some cases.

scholarly journals Authentic Data Transmission in Image with Different LSB Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4625-4628
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Carrier Image ◽  
Authentic Data

A technique to hide undisclosed information from third party as well, the method of investigation to conceal secret data into the cover frame like text, audio, image and video without any change in substantial results to the carrier image is nothing but Steganography. The contemporary safe and taut steganography of image represents an exigent form of transformation of the inserted secrecy for the receiver with getting undetected [1-5]. In Image steganography, image is the carrier and any secret message (audio or text or image) can be transmitted. This algorithm of LSB can be executed in embedding territory where the secret audio data is inserted into the LSB of envelope image for creating the stego image. This paper gives the hiding of audio data as secret data in an image file using LSB with secret key and an improved inverted LSB image Steganography with improved mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio.

scholarly journals Steganography in color images with random order of pixel selection and encrypted text message embedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e380
Author(s):  
Krasimir Kordov ◽  
Stanimir Zhelezov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Information Embedding ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Information security is major concern in modern digital ages, and the outdated algorithms need to be replaced with new ones or to be improved. In this article a new approach for hiding secret text message in color images is presented, combining steganography and cryptography. The location and the order of the image pixels chosen for information embedding are randomly selected using chaotic pseudo-random generator. Encrypting the secret message before embedding is another level of security designed to misguide the attackers in case of analyzing for traces of steganography. Evaluating the proposed stegoalgorithm. The standard statistical and empirical tests are used for randomness tests, key-space analysis, key-sensitivity analysis, visual analysis, histogram analysis, peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis, chi-square analysis, etc. The obtained results are presented and explained in the present article.

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