scholarly journals Deteksi Steganografi Berbasis Least Significant Bit (LSB) Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Statistik

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Rokhman ◽  
Juwita Maharanti
Keyword(s):  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Square Attack

Abstrak— Pada  penelitian  ini dicoba dideteksi penyisipan pesan pada sebuah citra yang dilakukan dengan  teknik Least Significant Bit. Deteksi dilakukan dengan teknik Chi-square attack. Pada teknik ini dibandingkan distribusi frekuensi yang diharapkan secara teori dengan beberapa distribusi sampel yang diamati pada stego-image.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan steganalisis terhadap 10 macam citra yang disisipi dengan sebuah pesan yang berukuran 1kb, 2 kb dan 5 kb. Dicobakan juga 2 penyisipan berbeda, yakni dengan program Stegano dan StegoGraphyBMP.Dari percobaan yang dilakukan pada sepuluh stego-image dengan panjang pesan 1kb, 2kb, dan 5kb, Chi-square attack berhasil 80% mendeteksi pesan yang disisipkan pada sebuah citra dengan program Stegano dan berhasil 70% mendeteksi pesan yang disisipkan pada sebuah citra dengan program StegoGraphyBMP. Disamping itu diperoleh hasil bahwa ukuran pesan tidak berpengaruh pada proses steganalisis. Keywords—  Steganalisis, Chi-square.

scholarly journals The use of Least Significant Bit (LSB) and Knight Tour Algorithm for image steganography of cover image

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5218
Author(s):  
Soo Ann Nie ◽  
Ghazali Sulong ◽  
Rozniza Ali ◽  
Andrew Abel
Keyword(s):  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Receiver Side ◽  
Test Image ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lsb Technique

<span lang="EN-US">Steganography is one of the method to communicate in a hidden way. In another word, steganography literally means the practice of hiding messages or information within another data. Previous studies have proposed various steganography techniques using different approaches including Least Significant Bit (LSB), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). However, different approaches still have its own weaknesses. Therefore image stenography using Knight Tour Algorithm with Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique is presented. The main objective is to improve the security factor in the stego image. Basically, the proposed technique is divided into two parts which are the sender and receiver side. Then, steganalysis which is a type of attack on stenography algorithm is used to detect the secret message in the cover image by the statistical analysis of pixel values. Chi Square Statistical Attach which is one of the type of steganalysis is used to detect these near-equal Po Vs in images and bases the probability of embedding on how close to equal the even pixel values and their corresponding odd pixel values are in the test image. The Knight Tour Algorithm is applied due to the common Least Significant Bit technique that is weak in security and easily decoded by outsider.</span>

scholarly journals Implementation of Steganalysis Technique Using Chi Square Attack Method on Android-Based JPEG Stego Image Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Dama Yanti ◽  
Yudo Bismo Utomo ◽  
Halimahtus Mukminna
Keyword(s):  
Cover Image ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Image Format ◽  
Square Attack

Steganografi merupakan seni dalam menulis pesan rahasia untuk menyembunyikan informasi dengan cara meniyisipkan pesan pada suatu citra, sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan steganografi dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan kriminal atau penyisipan file berbau pornografi.  Sedangkan steganalysis merupakan teknik untuk mendeteksi keberadaan pesan yang tersembunyi pada cover image.  Pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik steganalysis dengan metode chi-square attack untuk mendeteksi keberadaan pesan secara statistik.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan teknik steganalysis dengan menggunakan metode chi-square attack untuk mendeteksi stego-image berformat JPEG dan mengetahui hasil analisa dari metode chi-square attack yang diterapkan pada aplikasi Android Studio. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode waterfall, yang terdiri dari tahap analisis kebutuhan, tahap desain, tahap implementasi, tahap verifikasi dan tahap pemeliharaan. Hasil teknik steganalysis dengan metode chi square attack, yaitu uji coba pertama menghasilkan nilai selisih pada ukuran kapasitas file sebesar 1 hingga 12 persen, yang membuktikan teknik dengan metode chi square attack dapat mengestimasi atau memperkirakan panjang pesan yang disisipi dalam suatu objek gambar.  Pada tahap uji gambar acak diperoleh hasil chi square 0,60021 yang berarti 60 persen peluang adanya pesan yang disisipkan dalam gambar dan sebesar 0,09999 ataupun sebesar 0,10001 yang berarti 9 persen atau terdapat 10 persen peluang adanya pesan yang disisipkan atau dapat diartikan gambar tersebut tidak disisipi suatu pesan atau data.

scholarly journals A Secure Steganographic Algorithm Based on Frequency Domain for the Transmission of Hidden Information

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soria-Lorente ◽  
S. Berres
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Binary Sequence ◽  
Joint Photographic Expert Group ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Square Attack ◽  
Do So

This contribution proposes a novel steganographic method based on the compression standard according to the Joint Photographic Expert Group and an Entropy Thresholding technique. The steganographic algorithm uses one public key and one private key to generate a binary sequence of pseudorandom numbers that indicate where the elements of the binary sequence of a secret message will be inserted. The insertion takes eventually place at the first seven AC coefficients in the transformed DCT domain. Before the insertion of the message the image undergoes several transformations. After the insertion the inverse transformations are applied in reverse order to the original transformations. The insertion itself takes only place if an entropy threshold of the corresponding block is satisfied and if the pseudorandom number indicates to do so. The experimental work on the validation of the algorithm consists of the calculation of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the difference and correlation distortion metrics, the histogram analysis, and the relative entropy, comparing the same characteristics for the cover and stego image. The proposed algorithm improves the level of imperceptibility analyzed through the PSNR values. A steganalysis experiment shows that the proposed algorithm is highly resistant against the Chi-square attack.

scholarly journals Analysis of Least Significant Bit Method Using Sequential Encoding-Decoding in Steganography Digital Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Nurmi Hidayasari ◽  
Febi Yanto
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Check Size ◽  
Image Histogram ◽  
Hide Data ◽  
Histogram Testing

The method of steganography commonly used to hide data or information is Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. One of the relevant research is LSB using sequential Encoding - Decoding by David Pipkorn and Preston Weisbrot. In this research, an analysis of the LSB method using Sequential Encoding - Decoding by doing some testing. The tests are on the aspect of message security using tools StegSpy and enhanced LSB algorithm, testing on image quality by calculating the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) value and see the image histogram, testing on robustness of message by doing some image processing operations on stego image, like cropping, rotating, and etc, and then testing on capacity to check size of cover image and stego image and calculates the maximum size of data that can be hidden. From the testing process, we know that there are deficiencies in the aspects of security, robustness and capacity of a message. And then in this research we try to change the location of messages that are hidden in the image bits, which previous research used the 8th bit of each bytes, changed to the 7th bit. To be able to correct deficiencies in the security aspect. After repairing and testing like before, obtained better results in the security aspect. This can be seen from the image of the enhanced LSB algorithm process, the message is not detected, but unfortunately the image quality is reduced, with the low PSNR value generated.

scholarly journals Pengamanan Data Kombinasi Metode Cipher Block Chaining dan Modifikasi LSB

Techno Com ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Wildan Mahmud ◽  
Ery Mintorini
Keyword(s):  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Block Chaining

Perkembangan Internet dan aplikasi berbasis jaringan telah menjangkau ke berbagai macam aplikasi yang memungkinkan seseorang untuk saling berkirim pesan dan informasi tanpa dibatasi jarak dan waktu. Seiring dengan perkembangan itu pula, kerentanan akan aspek keamanan sebuah system juga semakin meningkat. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mencoba menerapkan kombinasi antara metode kriptografi dan steganografi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan upaya pengamanan sebuah pesan. Kriptografi Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) merupakan kriptografi yang sudah umum digunakan contohnya pada protocol internet TLS dan IPsec. Proses enkripsi dan dekripsi CBC memerlukan waktu yang relatif singkat karena mode CBC memiliki kecepatan dan efisiensi lebih tinggi dan dinilai lebih mudah diimplementasikan. Metode berikutnya yang digunakan adalah Steganografi Least Significant Bit (LSB) yang bekerja secara sederhana namun sangat efektif dalam menyisipkan pesan tersembunyi. Namun, beberapa penelitian menemukan kelemahan LSB yang dapat menemukan keberadaan pesan tersembunyi menggunakan algoritma steganalytic pada tingkat embedding yang rendah. Untuk itu, LSB harus dikembangkan lagi dengan menerapkan deteksi tepi sobel yang dapat bekerja untuk mendeteksi keypoint penyembunyian pesan sehingga LSB tidak lagi bekerja secara standar. Kombinasi metode CBC dan LSB-Sobel telah terbukti dan berhasil merahasiakan pesan dengan baik dan menghasilkan stego-image yang berkualitas tinggi setelah dilakukan pengujian PSNR dan MSE. Kata kunci: Kriptografi, steganografi, CBC, LSB, Deteksi Tepi Sobel

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI STEGANOGRAFI PADA CITRA DIGITAL DAN KRIPTOGRAFI ALGORITMA HILL CHIPPER UNTUK PENGAMANAN INFORMASI BERUPA TEXT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Aldo Aldo ◽  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
Hill Cipher

Pertukaran informasi sangatlah mudah dengan mengunakan internet sebagai penghubung dari pihak yang mengirim informasi ke pihak yang menerima informasi tersebut. Semakin mudah juga bagi pihak yang tidak berwenang untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akan dikirimkan dari pihak pengirim ke pihak penerima melalui internet. Maka itu informasi tersebut memerlukan fitur keamanan. Penyandian merupakan sebuah teknik keamanan untuk mengubah sebuah informasi berupa text, citra digital, suara, video menjadi sebuah informasi yang tidak memiliki arti tertentu atau teracak. Jika pihak yang memiliki informasi yang telah di sandikan ini tidak memiliki kunci untuk membuka enkripsi tersebut maka informasi tersebut tidak dapat dibaca dikarenakan tidak memiliki makna tertentu. Penyisipan merupakan sebuah fitur keamanan dimana sebuah informasi akan dimasukan kedalam sebuah media penampung atau informasi tersebut disembunyikan didalam media penampung. Pada penulisan ini akan difokuskan untuk membuat sebuah sistem yang dapat menyandikan , mendekripsi sandi , menyisipkan sebuah informasi ke dalam sebuah media penampung dan mengekstraksi informasi dari media tampung yang dapat berupa citra digital dengan format : jpeg, bitmap, dan png yang berguna untuk meningkatkan tingkat keamanan dari sebuah informasi.Algoritma penyandian merupakan algoritma yang mengubah sebuah informasi (plain text) menjadi sebuah informasi yang telah teracak (ciphertext) mengunakan kunci yang telah ditentukan dari pihak pengirim dan penerima. Algoritma penyandian yang digunakan adalah algoritma Hill Cipher. Yang akan dikombinasikan dengan metode Least Significant Bit sebagai metode pada proses penyisipan informasi. LSB akan mengubah setiap nilai bit terakhir dari setiap piksel pada citra tampung (cover) sesuai dengan nilai biner pesan secara berurutan, sehingga menyebaban hasil akhir dari penyisipan (stego image) tidak akan mengalami perubahan secara signifikan jika dilihat oleh mata manusia.

scholarly journals A Safe and Secured Medical Textual Information Using an Improved LSB Image Steganography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun ◽  
Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
Lsb Technique

Safe conveyance of medical data across unsecured networks nowadays is an essential issue in telemedicine. With the exponential growth of multimedia technologies and connected networks, modern healthcare is a huge step ahead. Authentication of a diagnostic image obtained from a specialist at a remote location which is from the sender is one of the most challenging tasks in an automated healthcare setup. Intruders were found to be able to efficiently exploit securely transmitted messages from previous literature since the algorithms were not efficient enough leading to distortion of information. Therefore, this study proposed a modified least significant bit (LSB) technique capable of protecting and hiding medical data to solve the crucial authentication issue. The application was executed and established by utilizing MATLAB 2018a, and it used a logical bit shift operation for execution. The investigational outcomes established that the proposed technique can entrench medical information without leaving a perceptible falsification in the stego image. The result of this implementation shows that the modified LSB image steganography outperformed the standard LSB technique with a higher PSNR value and lower MSE value when compared with previous research works. The number of shifts was added as a new performance metric for the proposed system. The study concluded that the proposed secured medical information system was evidenced to be proficient in secreting medical information and creating undetectable stego images with slight entrenching falsifications when likened to other prevailing approaches.

scholarly journals Hungarian-Puzzled Text with Dynamic Quadratic Embedding Steganography

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Alrashed ◽  
Suood Suood Alroomi
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hungarian Algorithm ◽  
Embedding Technique

Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) is one of the popular and frequently used steganography techniques to hide a secret message in a digital medium. Its popularity is due to its simplicity in implementation and ease of use. However, such simplicity comes with vulnerabilities. An embedded secret message using the traditional LSB insertion is easily decodable when the stego image is suspected to be hiding a secret message.  In this paper, we propose a novel secure and high quality LSB embedding technique. The security of the embedded payload is employed through introducing a novel quadratic embedding sequence. The embedding technique is also text dependent and has non-bounded inputs, making the possibilities of decoding infinite. Due to the exponential growth of and quadratic embedding, a novel cyclic technique is also introduced for the sequence that goes beyond the limits of the cover medium. The proposed method also aims to reduce the noise arising from embedding the secret message by reducing bits changed. This is done by partitioning the cover medium and the secret message into N partitions and artificially creating an assignment problem based on bit change criteria. The assignment problem will be solved using the Hungarian algorithm that will puzzle the secret message partition for an overall least bit change.

Statistical Feature–Based Steganalysis for Pixel-Value Differencing Steganography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bin Lin ◽  
Tai-Hung Lai ◽  
Ko-Chin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Image Steganalysis ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing ◽  
Difference Histogram ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Abstract The security and embedding capacity of pixel-value differencing (PVD) steganography is superior to that of least significant bit replacement steganography. Several studies have proposed extended PVD steganography methods that use the original concept of PVD steganography. The majority of the studies have verified their security against regular-singular detection analysis or pixel difference histogram attacks. Weighted stego image steganalysis is the state-of-the-art technology for PVD steganography. This study proposed a suitable parameter for the estimator based on different relative embedding ratios and the size of normal embedding blocks. The experimental results revealed that the proposed technology does not require advance knowledge of the original image. In addition, the proposed method is accurate and precise at any embedding ratio. In the future, this method may be utilized to analyze the security of extended PVD steganography.

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