scholarly journals Design, Modelling, and Implementation of a Fuzzy Controller for an Intelligent Road Signaling System

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Lozano Domínguez ◽  
Tomás de J. Mateo Sanguino

Crossing points are not always 100% visible for drivers due to different factors (e.g., poor road maintenance, occlusion of vertical signs, and adverse weather conditions). USA estimated in 2015 the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and vehicles in 70,000 of whom 5,376 resulted in deceased people. To contribute in this field, this paper presents the design, implementation, and testing of a smart prototype system applied to pedestrian crossings—not regulated by semaphores—which try to reduce the accident rate on roads. The hardware and software system consists of a set of autonomous, intelligent, and wireless low-cost devices that generate a visual warning barrier perceived by drivers from a suitable distance when pedestrians traverse a crosswalk. In this way, drivers can reduce the speed of their vehicles and stop safely. The system’s intelligence is carried out by a fuzzy controller that performs sensory fusion at both low level and high level with various types of sensors from local and neighboring devices. The tests conducted have determined an average success of 94.64% and a precision of 100%, thus corresponding with a very good test according to a ROC analysis. As a result, the system proposed has been patented and extended to international PCT.

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Zhao ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Guichao Ren ◽  
Xiaoming Liu

Abstract Adverse weather has a considerable impact on the behavior of drivers, which puts vehicles and drivers in hazardous situations that can easily cause traffic accidents. This research examines how drivers’ perceived risk changes during car following under different adverse weather conditions by using driving simulation experiment. An expressway road scenario was built in a driving simulator. Eleven types of weather conditions, including clear sky, four levels of fog, four levels of rain and two levels of snow, were designed. Furthermore, to simulate the car-following behavior, three car-following situations were designed according to the motion of the lead car. Seven car-following indicators were extracted based on risk homeostasis theory. Then, the entropy weight method was used to integrate the selected indicators into an index to represent the drivers’ perceived risk. Multiple linear regression was applied to measure the influence of adverse weather conditions on perceived risk, and the coefficients were considered as indicators. The results demonstrate that both the weather conditions and road type have significant effects on car-following behavior. Drivers’ perceived risk tends to increase with the worsening weather conditions. Under conditions of extremely poor visibility, such as heavy dense fog, the measured drivers’ perceived risk is low due to the difficulties in vehicle operation and limited visibility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3018
Author(s):  
Shih-Lin Lin ◽  
Bing-Han Wu

A worldwide increase in the number of vehicles on the road has led to an increase in the frequency of serious traffic accidents, causing loss of life and property. Autonomous vehicles could be part of the solution, but their safe operation is dependent on the onboard LiDAR (light detection and ranging) systems used for the detection of the environment outside the vehicle. Unfortunately, problems with the application of LiDAR in autonomous vehicles remain, for example, the weakening of the echo detection capability in adverse weather conditions. The signal is also affected, even drowned out, by sensory noise outside the vehicles, and the problem can become so severe that the autonomous vehicle cannot move. Clearly, the accuracy of the stereo images sensed by the LiDAR must be improved. In this study, we developed a method to improve the acquisition of LiDAR data in adverse weather by using a combination of a Kalman filter and nearby point cloud denoising. The overall LiDAR framework was tested in experiments in a space 2 m in length and width and 0.6 m high. Normal weather and three kinds of adverse weather conditions (rain, thick smoke, and rain and thick smoke) were simulated. The results show that this system can be used to recover normal weather data from data measured by LiDAR even in adverse weather conditions. The results showed an effective improvement of 10% to 30% in the LiDAR stereo images. This method can be developed and widely applied in the future.


2021 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
А.Н. Ивановский ◽  
Н.Н. Марковкина ◽  
С.Г. Черный

Снятие осадки судна – одна из ключевых операций на большинстве морских судов. Значение осадки используется при определении массы груза на судах типа балкер, а также при планировании перехода и обеспечении безопасности на всех других судах. Однако, если при планировании перехода погрешность в пять – десять сантиметров не играет существенной роли, то при определении загрузки судна каждый сантиметр ошибки может стоить компаниям тысячи, а то и десятки тысяч долларов США. Для определения осадки судна существует несколько способов, однако, несмотря на их наличие, в большинстве случаев измерения проводятся исключительно визуальным способом. Связано это с низкой точностью существующих методов, особенно в условиях волнения. В качестве направления исследования предлагается способ определения осадки судна при помощи алгоритмов компьютерного зрения и машинного обучения по видеозаписи. Обработка видео проводится покадрово. Общее исследование предполагает наличие трех частей – выделение марки углубления на изображении, сегментацию водной поверхности на изображении и снятие замеров с их последующей обработкой методами математической статистики и линейной фильтрации. В данной работе описана первая часть исследования, целью которой является выявление марки углубления. Каждый кадр подвергается бинаризации при помощи порогового разделения, затем после проведения ряда морфологических операций проводится определение связных областей на кадре. На основании полученных областей строится координатная прямая, по которой и будет в дальнейшем производится снятие осадки судна. В настоящее время, аналоги данной технологии отсутствуют на рынке. Также, исследование позволяет достичь высокой точности измерений даже при неблагоприятных погодных условиях. Ship's draft marks reading is a key procedure in cargo operations on bulk carriers, as well it`s significant part of passage planning and ensuring safety of navigation on all other ships. Though, whereas an error of five – ten centimeters doesn`t affect too much on passage planning, it is weighty while talking about cargo operations, as each centimeter of error can cost companies thousands, or even dozens of thousands of US dollars. There are several ways to determine the ship's draft, nevertheless, visual readings are still the primary manner of carrying out mentioned procedure. That`s caused by the reason of low accuracy of existing methods, especially in case of swell. In general, it is considered to describe alternative method for determining the ship's draft by using fundamentally new method, based on computer vision and machine learning technologies applied to video recording. Video processing is carried out frame by frame. Full research assumes the presence of three parts - highlighting the draft mark`s numerals on the image, segmentation of the water surface and taking measurements with their subsequent processing by methods of mathematical statistics and linear filtering. This paper describes the first part of research, so, there are threshold and morphological computer vision algorithms were applied. Thus, draft marks numerals segmentation was carried out. On the basis of the obtained areas, a coordinate line is constructed, along which the vessel`s draft will be measured in the future. The are no analogues of this method on the market. Besides, the high level of measurement accuracy is expected to be achieved even in adverse weather conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Santiago Iglesias-Baniela ◽  
Juan Vinagre-Ríos ◽  
José M. Pérez-Canosa

It is a well-known fact that the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster caused the escort towing of laden tankers in many coastal areas of the world to become compulsory. In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. The aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the best available technologies regarding towline, essential to properly exploit the new winches, will be carried out. Through this review, the way in which the escort towing industry has faced this technological challenge is shown.


2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 502-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Ventikos ◽  
A.D. Papanikolaou ◽  
K. Louzis ◽  
A. Koimtzoglou

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