scholarly journals Exenatide with Metformin Ameliorated Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Du ◽  
Wen Lu ◽  
Zijun Lu ◽  
Xinyu Shao ◽  
Chunhong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Total Adipose Tissue ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background. To study the effectiveness of exenatide with metformin and sequential treatment with exenatide and glargine added to metformin and their influence on insulin sensitivity and adipose distribution. Methods. 20 newly diagnosed obese type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled, and 2-month washout treatment of metformin, 6-month exenatide treatment, and 6-month glargine treatment were administrated sequentially accompanied with previous metformin. Glucolipid metabolic parameters were compared among groups. Adipose distribution was quantified with computerized tomography according to anatomy, dividing into visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), adding up to total adipose tissue (TAT). Results. The 6-month exenatide treatment dramatically ameliorated the glucose and lipid profile, improved insulin sensitivity, and mainly decreased VAT and also the ratio of VAT/SAT (RVS). The following 6-month glargine treatment increased VAT. The whole 12-month sequential treatment with exenatide and glargine added to metformin basically improved the insulin sensitivity and glucolipid control though VAT rebounded at the end, however without deteriorating the other parameters. Conclusion. Exenatide is an ideal treatment for obese type 2 diabetic patients in the aspect of adipose tissue distribution. Sequential treatment of exenatide and glargine could be an alternative for low-income patients who cannot afford GLP-1 agonist for long time. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-OOC-17013679.

Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E443-E448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lihn ◽  
T. Østergård ◽  
B. Nyholm ◽  
S. B. Pedersen ◽  
B. Richelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Adiponectin Mrna ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Adiponectin is suggested to be an important mediator of insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the association between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in 22 healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) to type 2 diabetic patients and 13 matched control subjects. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken before and after a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. FDR subjects were insulin resistant, as indicated by a reduced Mvalue (4.44 vs. 6.09 mg · kg−1· min−1, P < 0.05). Adiponectin mRNA expression was 45% lower in adipose tissue from FDR compared with controls ( P < 0.01), whereas serum adiponectin was similar in the two groups (6.4 vs. 6.6 μg/ml, not significant). Insulin infusion reduced circulating levels of adiponectin moderately (11–13%) but significantly in both groups ( P < 0.05). In the control group, adiponectin mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fasting insulin ( P < 0.05) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity ( P < 0.05). In contrast, these associations were not found in the FDR group. In conclusion, FDR have reduced adiponectin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue but normal levels of circulating adiponectin. Adiponectin mRNA levels are positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in FDR. These findings indicate dysregulation of adiponectin gene expression in FDR.

Long-Term Oral L-Arginine Administration Improves Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes Care ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Piatti ◽  
L. D. Monti ◽  
G. Valsecchi ◽  
F. Magni ◽  
E. Setola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Brasnyó ◽  
Gergő A. Molnár ◽  
Márton Mohás ◽  
Lajos Markó ◽  
Boglárka Laczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits, little is known about its metabolic effects in humans. Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action. After an initial general examination (including blood chemistry), nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were randomly assigned into two groups: a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo. Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial, insulin resistance/sensitivity, creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine samples (as a measure of oxidative stress), incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B (Akt) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed. After the fourth week, resveratrol significantly decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion, while it increased the pAkt:Akt ratio in platelets. On the other hand, it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function (i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function). The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans, which might be due to a resveratrol-induced decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway.

scholarly journals Effect of bezafibrate on insulin sensitivity in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetes Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fukushima ◽  
A. Taniguchi ◽  
M. Sakai ◽  
K. Doi ◽  
I. Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Effect of manidipine and delapril on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients with essential hypertension

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Suzuki ◽  
Masataka Ohtomo ◽  
Yoshinori Satoh ◽  
Hiromasa Kawasaki ◽  
Masashi Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Impact of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, physical fitness, and muscle oxidative capacity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. E998-E1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Østergård ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
Birgit Nyholm ◽  
Sten Lund ◽  
K.Sreekumaran Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (offspring) are often characterized by insulin resistance and reduced physical fitness (V̇o2 max). We determined the response of healthy first-degree relatives to a standardized 10-wk exercise program compared with an age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched control group. Improvements in V̇o2 max(14.1 ± 11.3 and 16.1 ± 14.2%; both P < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (0.6 ± 1.4 and 1.0 ± 2.1 mg·kg−1·min−1; both P < 0.05) were comparable in offspring and control subjects. However, V̇o2 maxand insulin sensitivity in offspring were not related at baseline as in the controls ( r = 0.009, P = 0.96 vs. r = 0.67, P = 0.002). Likewise, in offspring, exercise-induced changes in V̇o2 maxdid not correlate with changes in insulin sensitivity as opposed to controls ( r = 0.06, P = 0.76 vs. r = 0.57, P = 0.01). Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity tended to be lower in offspring at baseline but improved equally in both offspring and controls in response to exercise training (Δcitrate synthase enzyme activity 26 vs. 20%, and Δcyclooxygenase enzyme activity 25 vs. 23%. Skeletal muscle fiber morphology and capillary density were comparable between groups at baseline and did not change significantly with exercise training. In conclusion, this study shows that first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients respond normally to endurance exercise in terms of changes in V̇o2 maxand insulin sensitivity. However, the lack of a correlation between the V̇o2 maxand insulin sensitivity in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients indicates that skeletal muscle adaptations are dissociated from the improvement in V̇o2 max. This could indicate that, in first-degree relatives, improvement of insulin sensitivity is dissociated from muscle mitochondrial functions.

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