scholarly journals Tolerance of Cucurbits to the Herbicides Clomazone, Ethalfluralin and Pendimethalin. II. Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
David C. Bridges ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Field studies were conducted in 1993, 1994, and 1995 to determine tolerance of seeded and transplanted watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nak.] to clomazone, ethalfluralin, and pendimethalin using method of stand establishment (directseeded vs. transplanted) and time of herbicide application [preplant soil incorporated (PPI), preplant to the surface (PP), or postplant to the surface (POP)] as variables. Yield and average fruit weight in plots with clomazone were equal to or greater than those in control plots for the 3-year study regardless of method of application. Bleaching and stunting were evident with clomazone in early-season ratings, but injury was transient and did not affect quality or yield. Of the three herbicides, ethalfluralin PPI resulted in the greatest injury, stand reduction, and yield reduction of the three herbicides. Pendimethalin (PPI, PP, or POP) reduced yield of direct-seeded but not of transplanted watermelon. Chemical names used: 2-[(-2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4, 4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone (clomazone); N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (ethalfluralin); N-(1-ethylopropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy and Phytotoxicity in Grain Sorghum

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Brian L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field studies conducted from 2005 to 2007 in Kansas compared the effects of KIH-485 and flufenacet to acetochlor and s-metolachlor applied PRE in grain sorghum. All treatments were combined with 1.12 kg/ha of atrazine for broadleaf weed control. KIH-485 and flufenacet, each at one time (1×) and two times (2×) the labeled rates, controlled large crabgrass 55 to 76% in 2005 and 94% or more in 2006 and 2007. In 2005, all herbicides controlled shattercane less than 20%, and only KIH-485 at the 2× rate controlled shattercane more than 70% in 2006 and 2007. Averaged over herbicides, green foxtail was controlled 98% in 2005, 77% in 2006, and 79% in 2007. Most herbicides controlled foxtail 86% or more when averaged over experiments, however, s-metolachlor at 1×, flufenacet at either rate, or atrazine alone did not. Sorghum was not stunted with KIH-485 or flufenacet in two of seven experiments. However, sorghum growth was reduced 23 to 54% with the 2× rates of KIH-485, flufenacet, or acetochlor in four experiments. Compared to the weed free control, sorghum stand establishment was reduced 18% with the 2× rate of flufenacet at Colby in 2006. At Hays in 2005, stand reductions occurred with acetochlor or KIH-485 at the 2× rates and either rate of flufenacet. Averaged over experiments, grain yields were reduced 9 and 10% with KIH-485 and flufenacet at the 2× rates, respectively. Where precipitation was greatest during the 2 wk following herbicide application, weed control was the best with these herbicides, but sorghum injury was also greatest.

scholarly journals Root Distribution and Yield of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Watermelon

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Direct Seeded

Transplanting generally results in more rapid stand establishment than direct seeding for cucurbit crops. A 2-year field study was conducted to examine the pattern of rooting of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nak.] following usage of different planting methods, and to determine subsequent effects on crop yield. Root length was assessed by obtaining soil cores three times per growing season to a depth of 75 cm. Transplanted watermelons generally had greater root length density in the upper 30 cm of soil 4 to 7 weeks after planting (WAP). However, by 11 to 12 WAP root distribution was similar over the entire 75 cm soil profile for the two planting methods. Total marketable yields were comparable for direct seeded and transplanted watermelons during 1995, but transplanted watermelon yield exceeded direct seeded yield by 40% in 1996. In both years, 90% to 100% of the marketable yield of transplanted watermelons was obtained at the first harvest, compared to 0% to 55% for direct seeded watermelons. These findings suggest that rapid root proliferation of transplanted watermelons may be an important factor in their earlier establishment and increased early yields as compared to direct seeded watermelons.

Genetic variability and correlation studies in ‘egusi’ melon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kehinde ◽  
E. Idehen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Positive Direct

Genetic variability and correlation analysis were studied in 20 accessions of ‘egusi’ melon during two growing seasons. The genotypic correlation coefficients with seed yield were partitioned into direct and indirect effect causes. Heritability in the broad sense ranged from 17% for fruit circumference to 90% for days to germination and flowering in the early season, while in the late season, heritability ranged from 7% for seed weight per fruit to 88% for days to germination. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for seed yield while days to maturity had the lowest in both seasons. Fruit circumference and fruit weight had significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation with seed yield in the early season, while number of branches per plant, vine length per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit circumference per plant showed significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation with seed yield in the late season. Environmental correlation coefficients were significant between seed yield and vine length per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit size per plant. Vine length per plant and fruit circumference per plant had the largest positive direct effect on seed yield. Knowledge of the relationship of these characters with seed yield will aid in the selection of genotypes that have high seed yield, which will also be specific to the two major seasons in the year.

Green Peanut Tolerance to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Teuton ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
Joyce Tredaway Ducar ◽  
Barry J. Brecke
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted near Sparr, FL, in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the response of ‘Valencia 102’ grown for the green peanut market (or boiling peanut) to preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) applications of herbicides registered for dry peanut production (roasted market). Green peanut exhibited excellent tolerance to most PRE and POST treatments. There was minimal injury (8%) from flumioxazin applications when evaluated early season in both years, and peanut quickly recovered. Norflurazon caused chlorosis to peanut foliage (23%) in both years. Yield reduction was observed in 2001 for flumioxazin (15%), metolachlor (20%), and norflurazon (41%) compared with the untreated control. However, there were no yield reductions for any of the PRE treatments in 2002. Bentazon + paraquat early postemergence (EPOST) followed by (fb) 2,4-DB POST, bentazon + paraquat EPOST fb clethodim POST, and imazapic EPOST caused ≤5% injury and had no effect on yield in either year.

Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Competition and Time of Removal in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Crook ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to evaluate the control and competitiveness of common lambsquarters in soybeans when present at four densities and when removed at four time intervals. Common lambsquarters were removed by hand or treated with a postemergence herbicide application of bentazon plus acifluorfen. Common lambsquarters could remain 10 weeks following soybean emergence before a 20% soybean yield reduction occurred when weeds were removed by hand. When treatment was attempted with postemergence herbicides, a 20% yield reduction occurred in 1987 if application was not made prior to 5 weeks after emergence. In 1988, all postemergence herbicide applications failed to control lambsquarters due to drought conditions. The postemergence herbicide's degree of control was reflected in the number of remaining lambsquarters plants. Common lambsquarters seed production and germination was not influenced by postemergence herbicide application. There was a strong correlation between dry weight of uncontrolled common lambsquarters plants and seed produced per plant.

scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting on Earliness and Total Yield of Watermelon

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Robert C. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Direct Seeded

Studies were conducted at the NFREC, Quincy, and AREC, Live Oak, Fla., to compare watermelon {Citrullus lanatus [(Thumb.) Matsum & Nakai]} plant establishment by transplanting and direct-seeding. Cultivars used were `Charleston Gray' in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1989; `Jubilee' in 1988 and 1989; and `Crimson Sweet' in 1987 to 1990. Early yields were greater with transplants for all three cultivars in all years. With `Charleston Gray', total yields with transplants were higher in 1985 and 1989, but not in 1984 or 1986. The average fruit weights with transplants were also greater in 1985 and 1989 than in 1984 or 1986. With `Jubilee', total yield with transplants was higher in 1989, but not in 1988. Average fruit weight with transplants was greater in 1989 than in 1988. With `Crimson Sweet', total yields were higher with transplants in 1989 and 1990, but not in 1987 or 1988, but fruits were larger with transplanting compared to direct-seeding only in 1990. In all experiments, yields with transplants were never less than those with direct-seeded plants.

Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Miller ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Trevor E. Kraus ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Miller, R. T., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Kraus, T. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1319–1328. Six field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009 and 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the sensitivity of 12 glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars to saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE). The level of crop injury was dependent on environmental conditions shortly after application. When soybean emergence was delayed due to cool, wet conditions following planting, 52 and 59 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in 10% injury 1 wk after emergence (WAE) in cultivars OAC Hanover and RCAT Matrix, respectively. In the other environments, greater than 200 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil was required to induce the same level of injury at 1 WAE. Injury decreased with time; however, the more sensitive soybean cultivars were unable to recover from early-season injury sustained under adverse environmental conditions. A hydroponic bioassay was developed to screen differences in soybean tolerance to saflufenacil. OAC Hanover was more sensitive than all the other cultivars in both field and hydroponic testing (P<0.05). OAC Hanover yield was reduced regardless of environmental conditions. Under cool, wet conditions, 22 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in a 10% yield reduction, while 46 g a.i. ha−1 was needed under warm dry conditions. All other cultivars required between 82 and 146 g a.i. ha−1 to obtain the same level of yield reduction. This research demonstrates that there is a difference in soybean cultivar sensitivity to saflufenacil applied PRE.

Soybean Sensitivity to Florpyrauxifen-benzyl during Reproductive Growth and the Impact on Subsequent Progeny

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo address recent concerns related to auxin herbicide drift onto soybean, a study was developed to understand the susceptibility of the reproductive stage of soybean to a new auxin herbicide compared with dicamba. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is under development as the second herbicide in a new structural class of synthetic auxins, the arylpicolinates. Field studies were conducted to (1) evaluate and compare reproductive soybean injury and yield following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl or dicamba across various concentrations and reproductive growth stages and (2) determine whether low-rate applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl or dicamba to soybean in reproductive stages would have similar effect on the progeny of the affected plants. Soybean were treated with 0, 1/20, or 1/160, of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai ha−1) or dicamba (560 g ae ha−1) at R1, R2, R3, R4, or R5 growth stage. Soybean plant height and yield was reduced from 1/20X dicamba across all reproductive stages. High drift rates (1/20X) of florpyrauxifen-benzyl also reduced soybean plant height >25% and yield across R1 to R4 stages. Germination, stand, plant height, and yield of the offspring of soybean plants treated with dicamba and florpyrauxifen-benzyl were significantly affected. Dicamba applied at a rate of 1/20X at R4 and R5 resulted in 20% and 35% yield reduction for the offspring, respectively. A similar reduction occurred from florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at R4 and R5 at the 1/20X rate, resulting in 15% to 24% yield reduction for the offspring, respectively. Based on these findings, it is suggested that growers use caution when applying these herbicides in the vicinity of reproductive soybean.

Interference of Annual Sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudheesh Manalil ◽  
Hafiz Haider Ali ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Exponential Decay Model ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Varying Environments ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Abstract Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) is a broadleaf weed that is increasing in prevalence in the northern cropping regions of Australia. Being a member of Asteraceae family, this weed possesses many biological attributes needed to thrive in varying environments and weed management pressure. Interference of this weed was examined in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop through field studies in 2016 and 2017. Different densities of S. oleraceus were evaluated for their potential to cause yield loss in wheat: 0.0 (weed free), low (9 to 15 plants m−2), medium (29 to 38 plants m−2), and high (62 to 63 plants m−2). Based on the exponential decay model, 43 and 52 plants m−2 caused a yield reduction of 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Yield components such as panicles m−2 and grains per panicles were affected by weed density. At the high weed infestation level, S. oleraceus produced a maximum of 182,940 and 192,657 seeds m−2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Sonchus oleraceus exhibited poor seed retention at harvest as more than 95% of seeds were blown away by wind. Adverse effects on crop, high seed production and wind-blown dispersal may lead to an increased prevalence of this weed in the absence of an integrated weed management strategy utilizing both herbicides and non-chemical options.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document