scholarly journals PathGame: Crowdsourcing Time-Constrained Human Solutions for the Travelling Salesperson Problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Slaviša Dumnić ◽  
Đorđije Dupljanin ◽  
Vladimir Božović ◽  
Dubravko Ćulibrk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Travelling Salesperson Problem

Human strategies for solving the travelling salesperson problem (TSP) continue to draw the attention of the researcher community, both to further understanding of human decision-making and inspiration for the design of automated solvers. Online games represent an efficient way of collecting large amounts of human solutions to the TSP, and PathGame is a game focusing on non-Euclideanclosed-form TSP. To capture the instinctive decision-making process of the users, PathGame requires users to solve the problem as quickly as possible, while still favouring more efficient tours. In the initial study presented here, we have used PathGame to collect a dataset of over 16,000 tours, containing over 22,000,000 destinations. Our analysis of the data revealed new insights related to ways in which humans solve TSP and the time it takes them when forced to solve TSPs of large complexity quickly.

scholarly journals Effects of a Social Robot's Autonomy and Group Orientation on Human Decision-Making

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Luen Patrick Rau ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
Group Orientation ◽  
Intelligent Robots ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Human Decision

Social attributes of intelligent robots are important for human-robot systems. This paper investigates influences of robot autonomy (i.e., high versus low) and group orientation (i.e., ingroup versus outgroup) on a human decision-making process. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 48 college students and tested the hypotheses with MANCOVA. We find that a robot with high autonomy has greater influence on human decisions than a robot with low autonomy. No significant effect is found on group orientation or on the interaction between group orientation and autonomy level. The results provide implications for social robot design.

scholarly journals Stochastic representation decision theory: How probabilities and values are entangled dual characteristics in cognitive processes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243661
Author(s):  
Giuseppe M. Ferro ◽  
Didier Sornette
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Rational Expectation ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Objective Probability ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Stochastic Representation ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Expectation Theory

Humans are notoriously bad at understanding probabilities, exhibiting a host of biases and distortions that are context dependent. This has serious consequences on how we assess risks and make decisions. Several theories have been developed to replace the normative rational expectation theory at the foundation of economics. These approaches essentially assume that (subjective) probabilities weight multiplicatively the utilities of the alternatives offered to the decision maker, although evidence suggest that probability weights and utilities are often not separable in the mind of the decision maker. In this context, we introduce a simple and efficient framework on how to describe the inherently probabilistic human decision-making process, based on a representation of the deliberation activity leading to a choice through stochastic processes, the simplest of which is a random walk. Our model leads naturally to the hypothesis that probabilities and utilities are entangled dual characteristics of the real human decision making process. It predicts the famous fourfold pattern of risk preferences. Through the analysis of choice probabilities, it is possible to identify two previously postulated features of prospect theory: the inverse S-shaped subjective probability as a function of the objective probability and risk-seeking behavior in the loss domain. It also predicts observed violations of stochastic dominance, while it does not when the dominance is “evident”. Extending the model to account for human finite deliberation time and the effect of time pressure on choice, it provides other sound predictions: inverse relation between choice probability and response time, preference reversal with time pressure, and an inverse double-S-shaped probability weighting function. Our theory, which offers many more predictions for future tests, has strong implications for psychology, economics and artificial intelligence.

How the Brain Makes Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Brain

The human decision-making process is tainted with irrationality. To address this issue, this book proposes a ‘bottom-up’ approach of the neural substrate of decision-making, starting from the fundamental question: What are the basic properties that a neural network of decision-making needs to possess? Combining data drawn from phylogeny and physiology, this book provides a general framework of the neurobiology of decision-making in vertebrates and explains how it evolved from the lamprey to the apes. It also addresses the consequences, examining how it impacts our capacity of reasoning and some aspects of the pathophysiology of high brain functions. To conclude, the text opens discussion to more philosophical concepts such as the question of free will.

Decision-Making Cognitive Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Thais Spiegel ◽  
Ana Carolina P V Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Rationality Theory

In the study of decision-making, the classical view of behavioral appropriateness or rationality was challenged by neuro and psychological reasons. The “bounded rationality” theory proposed that cognitive limitations lead decision-makers to construct simplified models for dealing with the world. Doctors' decisions, for example, are made under uncertain conditions, as without knowing precisely whether a diagnosis is correct or whether a treatment will actually cure a patient, and often under time constraints. Using cognitive heuristics are neither good nor bad per se, if applied in situations to which they have been adapted to be helpful. Therefore, this text contextualizes the human decision-making perspective to find descriptions that adhere more closely to the human decision-making process. Then, based on a literature review of cognition during decision-making, particularly in healthcare context, it addresses a model that identifies the roles of attention, categorization, memory, emotion, and their inter-relations, during the decision-making process.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for the human decision-making process

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bezerra ◽  
Y. Cherruault ◽  
J. Fourcade ◽  
G. Veron
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Decision

scholarly journals A Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope Based Expert System in Human Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Panjkaj Srivastava ◽  
Rajkrishna Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Naturally, individual decision style is qualitative rather than quantitative settings. In nature, the human way of thinking is uncertain and fuzziness that demands the use of the linguistic approach of problems related to the decision. The group decision making process is highly affected by hesitant situations among the members for clarity-based decisions. In order to remove the hesitant situations, the proposed Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope expert system provides the group decision making processes with more realistic output in envelope form rather than CRISP one. In this study, we shall discuss a linguistic based expert system that will help to make more realistic decisions in a hesitant situation by using Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope technique.

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