scholarly journals Effects of a Social Robot's Autonomy and Group Orientation on Human Decision-Making

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Luen Patrick Rau ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
Group Orientation ◽  
Intelligent Robots ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Human Decision

Social attributes of intelligent robots are important for human-robot systems. This paper investigates influences of robot autonomy (i.e., high versus low) and group orientation (i.e., ingroup versus outgroup) on a human decision-making process. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 48 college students and tested the hypotheses with MANCOVA. We find that a robot with high autonomy has greater influence on human decisions than a robot with low autonomy. No significant effect is found on group orientation or on the interaction between group orientation and autonomy level. The results provide implications for social robot design.

scholarly journals Behind Dislike: Adaptive Purposes for Undergraduates’ Negative Emotions in the Career Decision-Making Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8071
Author(s):  
Keith A. Puffer ◽  
Kris G. Pence
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Response Options

The first career interest inventory emerged in the late 1920s. The response options for the questions in the Strong Vocational Interest Blank included ‘like’ and ‘dislike.’ Both answers are emotional reactions. Regrettably, clients within the context of vocational counseling often regard negative feelings (e.g., dislikes) as inconsequential. Yet, negative emotionality can be adaptive and feasibly assist career decision-makers. In the literature on college students’ career development and emotional functioning, there is a paucity of information about how negative emotions advance the career decision-making process and how career decision-makers apply such knowledge. Hence, a sample of undergraduates (n = 256) was recruited to ascertain imaginable adaptive career decision-making benefits from negative affect. Employing a Mixed Methods-Grounded Theory methodology, the present study tabulated the negative emotional reactions of college students to vocations that were self- or computer-reported. In addition, their answers to two investigative questions about the selection of their negative emotions were analyzed. From the data, three negative meta-emotions emerged as reactions to participants’ reported occupations; four adaptive purposes for their selected negative affect were also discovered. A theoretical framework and applicative suggestions from the findings are presented.

scholarly journals PathGame: Crowdsourcing Time-Constrained Human Solutions for the Travelling Salesperson Problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Slaviša Dumnić ◽  
Đorđije Dupljanin ◽  
Vladimir Božović ◽  
Dubravko Ćulibrk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Travelling Salesperson Problem

Human strategies for solving the travelling salesperson problem (TSP) continue to draw the attention of the researcher community, both to further understanding of human decision-making and inspiration for the design of automated solvers. Online games represent an efficient way of collecting large amounts of human solutions to the TSP, and PathGame is a game focusing on non-Euclideanclosed-form TSP. To capture the instinctive decision-making process of the users, PathGame requires users to solve the problem as quickly as possible, while still favouring more efficient tours. In the initial study presented here, we have used PathGame to collect a dataset of over 16,000 tours, containing over 22,000,000 destinations. Our analysis of the data revealed new insights related to ways in which humans solve TSP and the time it takes them when forced to solve TSPs of large complexity quickly.

scholarly journals Where to Go From Here? Toward a Model of 2-Year College Students’ Postsecondary Pathway Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Wickersham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Postsecondary Pathways

Objective: Empirical work explaining student mobility, particularly postsecondary pathways among 2-year college students, remains limited. This study examines the underlying process that drives 2-year college students into one or more pathways as they navigate higher education. Method: Drawing upon survey, transcript, and interview data from one transfer-focused and two comprehensive community colleges in a Midwestern state, this study uses a grounded theory approach to develop a conceptual model to understand college students’ decision-making process when choosing among competing postsecondary pathways. Results: The resulting College Pathway (Re)Selection Model Among Beginning 2-Year College Students contained two categories—lifetime decision-making and short-term decision-making—that defined the purposes of students’ decisions as they navigate postsecondary education. Within the categories, 2-year college students described the role of payoff, fit, transferability, place, flexibility, and mobility in their decision-making process. Contributions: This study offers a new model that explains what shapes 2-year college students’ decisions and challenges notions of postsecondary pathways, student progress, success, and completion in the context of 2-year college students’ fluid lives and goals.

scholarly journals Stochastic representation decision theory: How probabilities and values are entangled dual characteristics in cognitive processes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243661
Author(s):  
Giuseppe M. Ferro ◽  
Didier Sornette
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Rational Expectation ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Objective Probability ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Stochastic Representation ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Expectation Theory

Humans are notoriously bad at understanding probabilities, exhibiting a host of biases and distortions that are context dependent. This has serious consequences on how we assess risks and make decisions. Several theories have been developed to replace the normative rational expectation theory at the foundation of economics. These approaches essentially assume that (subjective) probabilities weight multiplicatively the utilities of the alternatives offered to the decision maker, although evidence suggest that probability weights and utilities are often not separable in the mind of the decision maker. In this context, we introduce a simple and efficient framework on how to describe the inherently probabilistic human decision-making process, based on a representation of the deliberation activity leading to a choice through stochastic processes, the simplest of which is a random walk. Our model leads naturally to the hypothesis that probabilities and utilities are entangled dual characteristics of the real human decision making process. It predicts the famous fourfold pattern of risk preferences. Through the analysis of choice probabilities, it is possible to identify two previously postulated features of prospect theory: the inverse S-shaped subjective probability as a function of the objective probability and risk-seeking behavior in the loss domain. It also predicts observed violations of stochastic dominance, while it does not when the dominance is “evident”. Extending the model to account for human finite deliberation time and the effect of time pressure on choice, it provides other sound predictions: inverse relation between choice probability and response time, preference reversal with time pressure, and an inverse double-S-shaped probability weighting function. Our theory, which offers many more predictions for future tests, has strong implications for psychology, economics and artificial intelligence.

How the Brain Makes Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Brain

The human decision-making process is tainted with irrationality. To address this issue, this book proposes a ‘bottom-up’ approach of the neural substrate of decision-making, starting from the fundamental question: What are the basic properties that a neural network of decision-making needs to possess? Combining data drawn from phylogeny and physiology, this book provides a general framework of the neurobiology of decision-making in vertebrates and explains how it evolved from the lamprey to the apes. It also addresses the consequences, examining how it impacts our capacity of reasoning and some aspects of the pathophysiology of high brain functions. To conclude, the text opens discussion to more philosophical concepts such as the question of free will.

Decision-Making Cognitive Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Thais Spiegel ◽  
Ana Carolina P V Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Rationality Theory

In the study of decision-making, the classical view of behavioral appropriateness or rationality was challenged by neuro and psychological reasons. The “bounded rationality” theory proposed that cognitive limitations lead decision-makers to construct simplified models for dealing with the world. Doctors' decisions, for example, are made under uncertain conditions, as without knowing precisely whether a diagnosis is correct or whether a treatment will actually cure a patient, and often under time constraints. Using cognitive heuristics are neither good nor bad per se, if applied in situations to which they have been adapted to be helpful. Therefore, this text contextualizes the human decision-making perspective to find descriptions that adhere more closely to the human decision-making process. Then, based on a literature review of cognition during decision-making, particularly in healthcare context, it addresses a model that identifies the roles of attention, categorization, memory, emotion, and their inter-relations, during the decision-making process.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for the human decision-making process

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bezerra ◽  
Y. Cherruault ◽  
J. Fourcade ◽  
G. Veron
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Decision
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document