Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Same Inflammatory Mediators?

The strict link between periodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been widely demonstrated by several studies. PD is significantly more frequent in RA patients in comparison with healthy subjects: this prevalence is higher in individuals at the earliest stages of disease and in seropositive patients. This is probably related to the role of P. gingivalis in inducing citrullination and leading to the development of the new antigens. Despite the many studies conducted on this topic, there is very little data available concerning the possibility to use the same biomarkers to evaluate both RA and PD patients. The aim of the review is to summarize this issue. Starting from genetic factors, data from literature demonstrated the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and PD susceptibility, similar to RA patients; moreover, SE-positive patients showed simultaneously structural damage to the wrist and periodontal sites. Contrasting results are available concerning other genetic polymorphisms. Moreover, the possible role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL6 and autoantibodies, specifically anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, has been examined, suggesting the need to perform further studies to better define this issue.

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The role of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in the differential diagnosis of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica

Clinical Rheumatology ◽

10.1007/s10067-005-0188-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 854-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

F. Ceccato ◽

S. Roverano ◽

A. Barrionuevo ◽

O. Rillo ◽

S. Paira

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽

Elderly Onset ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies ◽

Elderly Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Peptide Antibodies

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Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases other than Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical or Pathogenic Significance?

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.141486 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1063-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SARA CATERBI ◽

ONELIA BISTONI ◽

ALESSIA ALUNNO ◽

ELENA BARTOLONI ◽

ROBERTO GERLI

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies ◽

Peptide Antibodies

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Markers of the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis

Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0008.2523 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 305-314

Author(s):

Beata Polińska ◽

Joanna Matowicka-Karna ◽

Halina Kemona

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Human Population ◽

Early Stage ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Peptide Antibodies

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. RA affects about 1% of the human population, women suffer three times more often than men, with the peak incidence between the age of 40 to 50. The up-to-date criteria from 2010 for the diagnosis of RA include: occurrence and duration of clinical signs, indicators of inflammation and serological tests. Neopterin, a protein released by macrophages, is a sensitive indicator of inflammation and the severity of RA. Regarding the serological tests, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies represent a well-known marker with the specificity for RA of about 98%. The antibodies may be present in the serum of patients even a few years before the first clinical signs of the disease, heralding erosive changes in the joints and more severe course of RA. The literature also contains reports about autoantibodies anti-CarP and anti-Sa/ anti-MCV, which may occur in people with pain and swelling of joints and precede full-blown development of RA as well as reflect disease activity. Serological diagnosis of RA may be supported by some genetic tests based on PCR for detecting mutations e.g. C1858T in the PNPN22 gene. In turn, the quantitative analysis of different classes of miRNAs seems justified in order to better classify patients showing symptoms of RA. Further studies are needed that take into account the role of different markers in the development of RA, and confirm the high sensitivity and specificity of these markers in the diagnosis of the disease.

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Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies and Rheumatoid Factor as Risk Factors for 10-year Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Large Inception Cohort Study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.160670 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 1325-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mike L.T. Berendsen ◽

Marissa C. van Maaren ◽

Elke E.A. Arts ◽

Alfons A. den Broeder ◽

Calin D. Popa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Inception Cohort ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies ◽

Peptide Antibodies

Objective.To determine whether anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are risk factors for 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Analyses were performed using data from the Nijmegen early RA inception cohort, in which patients with newly diagnosed RA, consecutively included since 1985, were regularly followed up. Anti-CCP and RF were determined at baseline (diagnosis). Outcome was the first cardiovascular disease (CVD) event [ischemic heart disease, nonhemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or peripheral artery disease (PAD)] after baseline as retrieved from physician diagnosis. Fatality was checked against death certificates. Cox regression including correction for baseline confounders was performed to estimate the effect of anti-CCP, RF, and their interaction on 10-year CVD-free survival.Results.Of 929 patients included, 628 were anti-CCP–positive and 697 were RF-positive. During followup, with a median of 7.5 years, 162 CV events were observed (101 ischemic heart disease, 45 CVA, and 16 PAD), of which 15 were fatal. The HRadjusted for anti-CCP was 1.17 (95% CI 0.82–1.67) and the HRadjusted for RF was 1.52 (95% CI 1.00–2.30). The association of RF positivity with CVD was even stronger in the anti-CCP–negative patients: HRadjusted 2.09 (95% CI 1.18–3.71). There was no significant interaction (p = 0.098) between anti-CCP and RF.Conclusion.Rather than anti-CCP, presence of RF was associated with CVD in this cohort of patients with RA.

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Rheumatoid Factors: Clinical Applications

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2013/726598 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 727-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Francesca Ingegnoli ◽

Roberto Castelli ◽

Roberta Gualtierotti

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Rheumatoid Factors ◽

Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Rheumatoid Factor Isotypes ◽

Form Part ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Peptide Antibodies

Rheumatoid factors are antibodies directed against the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. First detected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 70 years ago, they can also be found in patients with other autoimmune and nonautoimmune conditions, as well as in healthy subjects. Rheumatoid factors form part of the workup for the differential diagnosis of arthropathies. In clinical practice, it is recommended to measure anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factors together because anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies alone are only moderately sensitive, and the combination of the two markers improves diagnostic accuracy, especially in the case of early rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, different rheumatoid factor isotypes alone or in combination can be helpful when managing rheumatoid arthritis patients, from the time of diagnosis until deciding on the choice of therapeutic strategy.

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P42 Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis

Indian Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60369-x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. S28

Author(s):

N Vasanthy ◽

J Sasikala ◽

RC Panchapakesa ◽

R Ravichandran ◽

S Rukmangatharajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies ◽

Peptide Antibodies

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Repair of Erosions in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.180557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 670-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristina Forslind ◽

Kerstin Eberhardt ◽

Björn Svensson

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Patient Age ◽

Patient Âgé ◽

Hands And Feet ◽

Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies ◽

Over Time ◽

Peptide Antibodies

Objective.The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of repair in a cohort of conventionally treated patients with early rheumatoid arthritis over 8 years.Methods.There were 395 patients included in the BARFOT study having radiographs of hands and feet at inclusion, and at 1, 2, 5, and 8 years, which were chronologically scored for erosions by the Sharp/van der Heijde method. An erosion with repair was defined as an erosion that has become partially or totally filled, with or without sclerosis.Results.Erosions with repair were observed in 64 patients (16%) at 1 year, 113 (29%) at 2 years, 142 (36%) at 5 years, and 200 (51%) at 8 years. At the 1-year visit, 13% of the patients with at least 1 new erosion showed repair versus 3% of the patients with no new erosions (p = 0.001). At 2, 5, and 8 years the corresponding figures were 22% and 6%, 28% and 8%, and 39% and 11%, respectively (all p = 0.001). The sum of all repaired erosions correlated strongly with the sum of all erosions and with the sum of all erosion scores (ρ = 0.79 and 0.77). Presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) was significantly associated with both new erosions and repair.Conclusion.Repair was more common than previously described. The frequency of repair increased over time and was associated with the number of erosions. RF- and anti-CCP–positivity, patient age, and presence of erosions at baseline were independent predictors of repair.

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