scholarly journals Determinants of Neonatal Jaundice among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Public General Hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: a Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guesh Gebreayezgi Asefa ◽  
Teklay Guesh Gebrewahid ◽  
Hailemariam Nuguse ◽  
Mengistu Welday Gebremichael ◽  
Merhawi Birhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Rh Incompatibility ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control Study

Background. Neonatal jaundice is common a clinical problem worldwide. Globally, every year, about 1.1 million babies develop severe hyperbilirubinemia with or without bilirubin encephalopathy and the vast majority reside in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Strategies and information on determinants of neonatal jaundice in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. So, investigating determinant factors of neonatal jaundice has paramount importance in mitigating jaundice-related neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methodology. Hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted by reviewing medical charts of 272 neonates in public general hospitals of the central zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The sample size was calculated using Epi Info version 7.2.2.12, and participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. One year medical record documents were included in the study. Data were collected through a data extraction format looking on the cards. Data were entered to the EpiData Manager version 4.4.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables at p value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of jaundice. The level of significance was declared at p value <0.05. Results. A total of 272 neonatal medical charts were included. Obstetric complication (AOR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.85-17.98), low birth weight (AOR: 4.27; 95% CI:1.58-11.56), birth asphyxia (AOR: 4.83; 95% CI: 1.617-14.4), RH-incompatibility (AOR: 5.45; 95% CI: 1.58-18.74), breastfeeding (AOR: 6.11; 95% CI: 1.71-21.90) and polycythemia (AOR: 7.32; 95% CI: 2.51-21.311) were the determinants of neonatal jaundice. Conclusion. Obstetric complication, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, RH-incompatibility, breastfeeding, and polycythemia were among the determinants of neonatal jaundice. Hence, early prevention and timely treatment of neonatal jaundice are important since it was a cause of long-term complication and death in neonates.

scholarly journals Determinants of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted to five referral hospitals in Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000830
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Demis Bizuneh ◽  
Birhan Alemnew ◽  
Addisu Getie ◽  
Adam Wondmieneh ◽  
Getnet Gedefaw
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundNeonatal jaundice is associated with a significant risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is a major cause of hospital neonatal intensive care unit admission and readmissions during the neonatal period. Hence, the study aimed to identify the determinant factors of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted at five referral hospitals in Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia.MethodA hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was employed, on 447 neonates (149 cases and 298 controls) at referral hospitals in Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia, from 1 March to 30 July 2019. Consecutive sampling method was used to select both the cases and controls. The collected data were entered into Epi data V.4.2 and then exported into SPSS window V.24 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were carried out by using binary logistic regression. A p value of <0.05 was considered as significant difference between cases and controls for the exposure variable of interest.ResultsThe median (±IQR) age of neonate at the time of admission and gestational age were 3±2 days and 38 (±3) weeks, respectively. Prolonged duration of labour (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.45, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.47), being male sex (AOR=3.54, 95% CI 1.99 to 6.29), low birth weight (AOR=5.06, 95% CI 2.61 to 9.82), birth asphyxia (AOR=2.88, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.99), sepsis (AOR=2.49, 95% CI 1.22 to 5.11) and hypothermia (AOR=2.88, 95% CI 2.63 to 14.02) were the determinant factors for neonatal jaundice.ConclusionsProlonged duration of labour, hypothermia, sepsis, birth asphyxia, low birth weight and sex of neonate were independent determinants of neonatal jaundice. Early recognition and management of identified modifiable determinants are the recommended interventions.

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol of a prospective registry with a nested case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039456
Author(s):  
Leolin Katsidzira ◽  
Wisdom F Mudombi ◽  
Rudo Makunike-Mutasa ◽  
Bahtiyar Yilmaz ◽  
Annika Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionThe epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We have started a registry to determine the burden, phenotype, risk factors, disease course and outcomes of IBD in Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisA prospective observational registry with a nested case–control study has been established at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. The registry is recruiting confirmed IBD cases from the hospital, and other facilities throughout Zimbabwe. Demographic and clinical data are obtained at baseline, 6 months and annually. Two age and sex-matched non-IBD controls per case are recruited—a sibling or second-degree relative, and a randomly selected individual from the same neighbourhood. Cases and controls are interviewed for potential risk factors of IBD, and dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Stool is collected for 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling, and along with germline DNA from peripheral blood, is being biobanked. The estimated sample size is 86 cases and 172 controls, and the overall registry is anticipated to run for at least 5 years. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the demographic and phenotypic characteristics of IBD, and incidence and prevalence will be estimated for Harare. Risk factors for IBD will be analysed using conditional logistic regression. For microbial analysis, alpha diversity and beta diversity will be compared between cases and controls, and between IBD phenotypes. Mann-Whitney U tests for alpha diversity and Adonis (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance) for beta diversity will be computed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Parirenyatwa Hospital’s and University of Zimbabwe’s research ethics committee and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings will be discussed with patients, and the Zimbabwean Ministry of Health. Results will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer reviewed journals, and on social media.Trial registration numberNCT04178408.

scholarly journals Determinants of preterm delivery in the central zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia: A case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F T Wudie ◽  
F A Tesfamicheal ◽  
H Z Fisseha ◽  
N B Weldehawaria ◽  
K H Misgena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: a Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine Tegegnework ◽  
Yeshfanos Tekola Gebre ◽  
Sindew Mahmud Ahmed ◽  
Abrham Shitaw Tewachew
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Birth asphyxia is the major public health problem in the world. It is estimated that around 23% of all newborn deaths are caused by birth asphyxia worldwide. Birth asphyxia is the top three causes of newborn deaths in sub-Saharan Africa and more than one-third of deaths in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of birth asphyxia which can play a crucial role to decrease the death of newborns.Methods: Unmatched case-control study design was implemented among 276 (92 cases and 184 controls) newborns from January 1st to March 30th, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and document review by trained nurses and midwives who work at the delivery ward of the hospitals. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of birth asphyxia. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-value less than 0.05 were used to assess the level of significance. Results: In this study, maternal education of being can’t read & write [AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: (1.2, 11.9)], ante-partum hemorrhage [AOR = 7.7, 95% CI: (1.5, 18.5)], prolonged labor [AOR =13.5, 95% CI: (2.0, 19.4)], meconium stained amniotic fluid [AOR = 11.3, 95% CI: (2.7, 39.5)], breech fetal presentation [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: (2.0, 8.4)] and preterm birth [AOR: 4.1, 95% CI: (1.8, 9.2)] were factors which showed significantly associated with birth asphyxia among newborns.Conclusions: In this study, maternal education can’t read & write, antepartum hemorrhage, prolonged labour, stained amniotic fluid, breech fetal presentation, preterm birth were significantly associated with birth asphyxia. So, educating mothers to have continuous follow-up during the pregnancy period and provide quality care to the women in labour through close monitoring of the fetus presentation were recommended to reduce birth asphyxia.

scholarly journals Rubella in Sub-Saharan Africa and sensorineural hearing loss: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Caroça ◽  
Vera Vicente ◽  
Paula Campelo ◽  
Maria Chasqueira ◽  
Helena Caria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Sachet water consumption as a risk factor for cholera in urban settings: Findings from a case control study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo during the 2017–2018 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009477
Author(s):  
Placide Mbala-Kingebeni ◽  
Florian Vogt ◽  
Berthe Miwanda ◽  
Tresor Sundika ◽  
Nancy Mbula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Control Study

Background Behavioural risk factors for cholera are well established in rural and semi-urban contexts, but not in densely populated mega-cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. In November 2017, a cholera epidemic occurred in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where no outbreak had been recorded for nearly a decade. During this outbreak, we investigated context-specific risk factors for cholera in an urban setting among a population that is not frequently exposed to cholera. Methodology/Principal findings We recruited 390 participants from three affected health zones of Kinshasa into a 1:1 matched case control study. Cases were identified from cholera treatment centre admission records, while controls were recruited from the vicinity of the cases’ place of residence. We used standardized case report forms for the collection of socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors. We used augmented backward elimination in a conditional logistic regression model to identify risk factors. The consumption of sachet water was strongly associated with the risk of being a cholera case (p-value 0.019), which increased with increasing frequency of consumption from rarely (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9–5.2) to often (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6–9.9) to very often (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.0–16.7). Overall, more than 80% of all participants reported consumption of this type of drinking water. The risk factors funeral attendance and contact with someone suffering from diarrhoea showed a p-value of 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. No socio-demographic characteristics were associated with the risk of cholera. Conclusions/Significance Drinking water consumption from sachets, which are sold informally on the streets in most Sub-Saharan African cities, are an overlooked route of infection in urban cholera outbreaks. Outbreak response measures need to acknowledge context-specific risk factors to remain a valuable tool in the efforts to achieve national and regional targets to reduce the burden of cholera in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals A narrative systematic review of tobacco cessation interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212093690
Author(s):  
Nasheeta Peer ◽  
Ashika Naicker ◽  
Munira Khan ◽  
Andre-Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control Study

Aim: In the face of increasing tobacco consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to not only curb the uptake of tobacco, but to ensure that tobacco users quit. Considering the minimal attention that tobacco cessation interventions receive in Sub-Saharan Africa, this review aims to describe studies that evaluated tobacco cessation interventions in the region. Methods: A search of studies published till December 2019 that evaluated tobacco cessation interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa and examined tobacco quit rates was conducted in PubMed-Medline, Web of Science and Scopus. Study designs were not limited to randomised control trials but needed to include a control group. Results: Of the 454 titles and abstracts reviewed, eight studies, all conducted in South Africa, were included. The earliest publication was from 1988 and the most recent from 2019. Five studies were randomised control trials, two were quasi-experimental and one was a case–control study. Populations studied included community-based smokers (four studies) and university students, while the relevant clinic-based studies were conducted in pregnant women, tuberculosis patients and HIV-infected patients. Sample sizes were 23 in the case–control study, 87–561 in randomised control trials, and 979 (pregnant women) and 4090 (three rural communities) in the quasi-experimental studies. Four studies included nicotine replacement therapy in the interventions while four utilised only psychotherapy without adjunct pharmacotherapy. Quit rates were evaluated by exhaled carbon monoxide levels (five studies), blood carbon monoxide, urinary cotinine levels and self-reported quit rates. Four studies (two each with and without pharmacotherapy) reported significantly better outcomes in the intervention versus the control groups while one study findings (without pharmacotherapy) were significant in women but not men. Conclusion: This review highlights that scant attention has been paid to tobacco cessation intervention in Sub-Saharan Africa. The heterogeneity of these studies precluded comparisons across interventions or populations. There is a need for evidence-based low-cost tobacco cessation intervention that target high-risk population in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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