scholarly journals Development of an Immunoassay for the Detection of Amyloid Beta 1-42 and Its Application in Urine Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anurak Wongta ◽  
Surat Hongsibsong ◽  
Somporn Chantara ◽  
Mookda Pattarawarapan ◽  
Ratana Sapbamrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptides ◽  
Beta Peptides ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sequence Similarities

Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ1-42) have been found to be associated with the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. Currently, methods for detecting Aβ1-42 are complicated and expensive. The present study is aimed at developing an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) to detect Aβ1-42 by using a polyclonal antibody from alpaca, an application used in urine samples. The serum was collected from the alpaca after immunizing it with Aβ1-42 at 500 μg/injection 5 times. The ic-ELISA was developed and showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration ( I C 50 ) of 103.20 ng/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.39 ng/100 μl. The cross-reactivity was tested with Aβ1-40 and 8 synthesized peptides that had sequence similarities to parts of Aβ1-42. The cross-reactivity of Aβ1-40 and peptide 1 (DAEFRHDSGYE) was 55% and 69.4%, respectively. The ic-ELISA was applied to analyze Aβ1-42 in the urine and precipitated protein urine samples. This method can be used for detecting a normal level of total soluble Aβ (approximately 1 ng in 5 mg of precipitated urine protein) and can be used for detecting the early stages of AD. It is considered to be an easy and inexpensive method for monitoring and diagnosing AD.

Amyloid beta peptides and glutamatergic synaptic dysregulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran ◽  
Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran ◽  
Vishnu Suppiramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptides ◽  
Beta Peptides

Deferoxamine reduces amyloid-beta peptides genesis and alleviates neural apoptosis after traumatic brain injury

Neuroreport ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang-Dui Zhaba ◽  
Qu-Zhen Deji ◽  
Sheng-Qing Gao ◽  
Yan-Ling Han ◽  
Chao-Chao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptides ◽  
Beta Peptides ◽  
Neural Apoptosis

scholarly journals The orphan drug dichloroacetate reduces amyloid beta-peptide production whilst promoting non-amyloidogenic proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0255715
Author(s):  
Edward T. Parkin ◽  
Jessica E. Hammond ◽  
Lauren Owens ◽  
Matthew D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Orphan Drug ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptide ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptides ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Beta Peptides ◽  
Amyloidogenic Processing ◽  
Beta Peptide

The amyloid cascade hypothesis proposes that excessive accumulation of amyloid beta-peptides is the initiating event in Alzheimer’s disease. These neurotoxic peptides are generated from the amyloid precursor protein via sequential cleavage by β- and γ-secretases in the ’amyloidogenic’ proteolytic pathway. Alternatively, the amyloid precursor protein can be processed via the ’non-amyloidogenic’ pathway which, through the action of the α-secretase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10, both precludes amyloid beta-peptide formation and has the additional benefit of generating a neuroprotective soluble amyloid precursor protein fragment, sAPPα. In the current study, we investigated whether the orphan drug, dichloroacetate, could alter amyloid precursor protein proteolysis. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, dichloroacetate enhanced sAPPα generation whilst inhibiting β–secretase processing of endogenous amyloid precursor protein and the subsequent generation of amyloid beta-peptides. Over-expression of the amyloid precursor protein partly ablated the effect of dichloroacetate on amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing whilst over-expression of the β-secretase only ablated the effect on amyloidogenic processing. Similar enhancement of ADAM-mediated amyloid precursor protein processing by dichloroacetate was observed in unrelated cell lines and the effect was not exclusive to the amyloid precursor protein as an ADAM substrate, as indicated by dichloroacetate-enhanced proteolysis of the Notch ligand, Jagged1. Despite altering proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein, dichloroacetate did not significantly affect the expression/activity of α-, β- or γ-secretases. In conclusion, dichloroacetate can inhibit amyloidogenic and promote non-amyloidogenic proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein. Given the small size and blood-brain-barrier permeability of the drug, further research into its mechanism of action with respect to APP proteolysis may lead to the development of therapies for slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Lin ◽  
Wang-Chou Sung ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
Dong-Zong Hung
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limits ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

Cobra snakes (genus Naja) are some of the most dangerous snake species in Asia and Africa, as their bites cause severe life-threatening respiratory failure and local tissue destruction, especially in the case of late diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of snakebite envenomation still mainly relies upon symptomatology, the patient’s description, and the experience of physicians. We have designed a rapid test, immunochromatographic test of cobra (ICT-Cobra), which obtained fair results in improving the diagnosis and treatment of Naja (N.) atra snakebites in Taiwan. In this study, we further investigated the feasibility of applying the kit for the detection of other cobra venoms based on the potential interspecies similarity. We firstly demonstrated the cross-reactivity between eight venoms of medically important cobra species and the rabbit anti-N. atra IgG that was used in ICT-Cobra by Western blotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, ICT-Cobra was used to detect various concentrations of the eight venoms to elucidate its performance. Noticeable correlations between the cross-reactivity of venoms from genus Naja snakes and existing geographical characteristics were found. ICT-Cobra could detect venoms from other Asian cobras with variable detection limits comparable to those observed for N. atra, but the kit was less successful in the detection of venom from African cobras. The similar but slightly different venom components and the interaction between venom and rabbit anti-N. atra IgG led to variations in the detection limits. The transcontinental usage of ICT-Cobra might be possible due to the cross-reactivity of antibodies and similarities among the larger-sized proteins. This study showed that the close immunological relationships in the genus Naja could be used to develop a venom detection kit for the diagnosis of cobra envenomation in both Asian and African regions. Additional clinical studies and technical adjustments are still needed to improve the efficacy and broadening the application of ICT-Cobra in the future.

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